利用小球藻构建微生物燃料电池

利用分离的小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)构建了光合微生物燃料电池,考察了小球藻加入阴阳极和以废水为底物的电池产电性能及机理. 结果表明,构建的微生物燃料电池是可行的,电能输出主要依赖吸附在电极表面的藻,而与悬浮在溶液中的藻基本无关. 光照是该燃料电池电压变化的主要影响因素之一. 在阴极室中添加铁离子,通过其二和三价间的循环转化,提高电子的传递速率,加快质子和氧气的反应,电池的输出功率密度达到11.82 mW/m2,COD去除率达到40%. 这种电池将化学能、光能转化为电能的同时可处理污水并回收小球藻.     

微生物燃料电池法处理腐竹加工废水

探讨了产电微生物的产电特性及其处理腐竹废水的能力。建立双室微生物燃料电池,阳极为腐竹废水,筛选阳极腐竹废水中的优势产电微生物,并通过测序技术鉴定优势产电微生物。调节微生物燃料电池阳极pH和温度,研究负载电压的变化规律。结果表明,阳极的化学需氧量(COD)从16496 mg/L将至668 mg/L。从阳极筛选得到单菌落,提取基因组,聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增基因16S rDNA片段,测序结果表明为泛菌(Pantoea)。在电池运行过程中,调至30℃时电池产电能力最佳; pH在8～10的范围内电池产电能力最强,最大功率密度为14 m W/m~2。这为产电微生物在腐竹废水中的应用奠定了基础。     

微生物燃料电池中阳极产电菌的研究进展

微生物燃料电池(MFCs)是一种生物电化学混合系统,利用微生物的氧化代谢作用将有机物或者无机物中的能量转化为电能,具有节能、减少污泥生成及能量转换的突出优势,已引起广泛关注。其中,产电微生物是MFCs系统的核心组成部分,筛选及培养高效产电微生物对促进MFCs的产电性能具有重要作用。对产电微生物电子传递机制、产电微生物种类以及影响微生物产电的因素进行分析总结;综述了阳极产电微生物的最新研究进展;最后,从微生物角度展望了阳极产电微生物未来的研究方向,以期为产电微生物在MFCs中的应用提供指导和支持。     

微生物燃料电池在废水处理中的应用

设计了一个经典的双室微生物燃料电池,并考察了其在接种厌氧污泥条件下对葡萄糖模拟废水的产电性能.试验采用间歇运行的方式,主要考察了电极材料及初始COD对微生物燃料电池产电性能的影响.结果表明,当外阻为100 Ω时,该电池在初始COD为1 000 mg/L,以石墨为电极的运行条件下产电性能最好,最大电流密度为4.4mA/m2.另外,还对以水及好氧污泥作为电池阴极时系统的产电性能进行了对比.通过对两者极化曲线的分析可知,以好氧污泥作为电池阴极可以大大减小系统的内阻,从而提高电池的产电性能.     

小球藻生物阴极型微生物燃料电池的基础特性

利用自行设计的阴极管状光生物反应器式微生物燃料电池(MFC)作为实验模型,考察了阴极室投加小球藻后不同光暗周期下电池的产电、阴极溶氧及阴极藻的生长情况. 结果表明,阴极投加小球藻后,电池产电性能明显提高,光暗间歇组最大功率密度为24.4 mW/m2,持续光照组最大功率密度为27.5 mW/m2. 阴极溶氧及电化学分析证实溶氧是影响电压变化的主要因素,持续光照组溶氧较稳定,但比光暗间歇组光照阶段溶氧水平低;MFC阴极室培养小球藻不会对其造成毒害,光暗间歇时小球藻生长较好. 运行小球藻生物阴极型MFC采用光暗间歇培养较好,并可适当延长光照时间.     

微生物燃料电池阳极修饰的研究进展

微生物细胞与电池阳极之间的电子转移速率是影响微生物燃料电池(MFC)产电性能的重要因素之一.通过阳极修饰可以促进电子转移速率,进而提高MFC产电性能.综述了MFC阳极修饰的研究进展.     

pH和碳氮比对MFC-好氧颗粒污泥系统处理废水的影响

将硝化颗粒污泥与微生物燃料电池(MFC)进行耦合构成一种新型电化学系统。采用序批式运行方式,研究进水pH和碳氮比对该系统同步处理废水及产电性能的影响。结果表明,随着进水pH和碳氮比的升高,系统对污染物的去除率和产电性能呈先增大后减小的趋势。当进水pH为10、碳氮比为15时,处理系统能够利用好氧颗粒活性污泥的独特分层结构,内部为厌氧环境,外部为好氧环境,反硝化菌在碳源充足的条件下将NO₃^-还原为N₂,系统对COD和氨氮的去除率最高,分别为96.05%、98.58%,且出水中的NO₂^-和NO₃^-处于较低水平,有效实现了同步硝化反硝化的过程。该耦合系统的最大输出电压和功率密度分别为459 mV、116.40 mW/m²。在此条件下更多的有机底物被产电细菌代谢生成电子,提升了系统的库仑效率。扫描电镜结果表明,碱性条件下微生物能够完好附着在电极表面形成生物膜,促进了微生物与电极之间的胞外电子传递过程,从而提升系统的整体产电...     

以铁氰化钾为电子受体的MSBR-MFG集成系统响应机理研究

将双室微生物燃料电池(MFC)的阴极区改造成膜序批式生物反应器(MSBR),从产能和净化的双重角度构建了MSBR-MFC集成系统,以铁氰化钾作电子受体、碳毡作生物阴极和固定填料,采取"厌氧、好氧"交替运行方式处理城市生活污水,考察MSBR-MFC系统的产电能力及污染物去除效果.结果表明,系统在厌氧段加铁氰化钾后,电能输出将大幅提高,最适投加量为30mol·L-1;该条件下好氧段系统最大输出功率密度为893.1 mW·m-3,输出峰电压为570.4mV,电池内阻约300Ω,1个HRT(8h)内累积产电量13.6C;阴极区COD、氨氮、TP去除率分别为90.5%、99%和96.2%,阴阳两极室累积有机物去除容积负荷约2.125kg·m-3·-1,比传统双室MFC提高了约80.8%.     

微生物燃料电池处理含铬废水并同步产电

以葡萄糖为阳极燃料、含铬废水为阴极液,碳毡为阳极、石墨板为阴极构建了双室微生物燃料电池,考察了阳极条件(底物浓度)及阴极条件(pH、初始六价铬浓度)对含铬废水的降解及MFC的产电性能的影响.结果表明低阴极液pH和高初始Cr(Ⅵ)浓度能改善MFC产电性能.当pH=2、初始六价铬浓度为177 mg/L、反应时间为10 h时,最大输出功率为108 mW/m~2,六价铬去除率为92.8%.阳极底物浓度对微生物燃料电池的性能也有影响.在微生物燃料电池中,阴极极化较小,表明该燃料电池有稳定的性能,微生物燃料电池对含铬废水的处理有应用潜力并能同步产电.     

螺旋藻光合微生物燃料电池产电性能的研究

将微藻与微生物燃料电池(简称MFC)相结合,可以将太阳能转化成电能,这是一种可再生、稳定、高效的产能方式。本论文主要研究了螺旋藻作为MFC阳极产电微生物,以碳酸氢盐或葡萄糖作为底物的产电性能,并通过改变光照强度等条件,探讨影响微藻MFC产电性能的主要因素。以0.1mol/L的铁氰化钾溶液作为阴极液,外电阻为1000Ω,光照强度为12000lx,温度为28℃或30℃,进行电池的运行。螺旋藻MFC可以得到200mV的稳定输出电压,最大功率密度为41.33mW/m2,内阻为2000Ω。研究发现,螺旋藻MFC产生的电压主要依赖于生物膜上的藻,而与悬浮在阳极液中的藻无关。光照强度是影响产电的最主要因素之一,藻的输出电压随着光暗周期的变化表现出明显的周期性。     

Continuous microbial fuel cell using a photoautotrophic cathode and a fermentative anode

A complete microbial fuel cell (MFC) operating under continuous flow conditions and using Chlorella vulgaris at the cathode and Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the anode was investigated for the production of electricity. The MFC was loaded with different resistances to characterise its power capabilities and voltage dynamics. A cell recycle system was also introduced to the cathode to observe the effect of microalgae cell density on steady‐state power production and dynamic voltage profiles. At the maximum microalgae cell density of 2140 mg/L, a maximum power level of 0.6 mW/m² of electrode surface area was achieved. The voltage difference between the cathode and anode decreased as the resistance decreased within the closed circuit, with a maximum open circuit voltage (infinite resistance) of 220 mV. The highest current flow of 1.0 mA/m² of electrode surface area was achieved at an applied resistance of 250 Ω.     

阳极双电层电容对微生物燃料电池性能的影响

采用3种活性炭粉制备具有不同电容的阳极,研究了双电层电容阳极对单室空气阴极微生物燃料电池启动、运行、性能、阳极生物膜附着的影响。结果表明:当电极表面积相近的情况下,阳极双电层电容从0.0012 F增加到22.72 F时,微生物燃料电池启动时间缩短了68.0%,电池的最大功率密度增加了16.8倍,达到546.1 m W·m-2。扫描电子显微镜的结果表明高电容的阳极表面附着的微生物量比低电容电极的高1倍。因此,微生物燃料电池性能受阳极双电层电容的影响,而与阳极表面积的相关性小。     

樊立萍1,*,温越霄1,2

为提高微生物燃料电池(MFC)的废水处理效果和发电性能,制备了一种海藻酸钠-聚季铵盐11/碳毡(SA-PQ-11/CF)阳极,分别以制药废水和糖蜜废水为阳极液,以碳毡为阴极,构建微生物燃料电池(MFC)实验系统,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、循环伏安特性(CV)、化学需氧量(COD)对其性能进行表征。结果显示,SA-PQ-11/CF阳极具有较大的比表面积,MFC的溶液电阻和电荷转移电阻也得到明显降低。阳极液为制药废水时,采用SA-PQ-11/CF阳极的MFC的稳态输出电压和COD去除率分别约为0.22 V和62%,较常规碳毡阳极时分别提高了100%和130%。阳极液为糖蜜废水时,采用SA-PQ-11/CF阳极的MFC的稳态输出电压和COD去除率分别为0.15 V和43%,分别较采用常规碳毡阳极时提高了275%和95%。基于SA-PQ-11的阳极改性能够有效提高MFC的废水处理效果和产电能力。     

电极对微生物燃料电池同时处理有机废水和含铜重金属废水产电性能的影响

实验以有机废水为阳极底物,以活性污泥中的混合菌为阳极接种微生物,以含铜废水为阴极液,构建双室MFC,探讨电极对MFC同时处理有机废水和含铜重金属废水产电性能的影响.结果表明:MFC对阳极有机废水COD的去除率最高为79.1%,对阴极液中Cu²⁺的去除率最高为95.6%.活性炭/石墨棒电极MFC产电性能最优,开路电压最高为800mV,是石墨棒电极MFC的1.25倍,是活性炭/碳纸电极MFC的1.3倍,是碳纸电极MFC的1.5倍.当电极距离为2cm时,MFC开路电压580mV,内阻为181Ω,产电性能最优.电极表面积为75cm²时,MFC的开路电压470mV,是电极表面积为50cm²的MFC的1.1倍,是电极表面积为30cm²的MFC的2.1倍.当A_An/A_cat=0.4时MFC产能最佳,MFC的开路电压最高为600mV,最大功率密度48.2mW/m².     

典型大环内酯类抗生素污染物生物电化学降解研究

对利用单室空气阴极微生物燃料电池(MFC)降解水中红霉素(ERY)进行了研究。结果表明,ERY的加入使MFC阳极上的产电菌活性受到抑制,ERY浓度越大,对产电菌抑制性越强。当ERY质量浓度为30 mg/L时,MFC最大功率密度为400 mW/m^2,ERY降解率为(83.21±1.4)%,COD去除率为(84.91±2.1)%。加入ERY后,阳极微生物群落发生改变,但主要物种相同且数量较大,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)这3类产电菌门为微生物燃料电池的性能发挥了重要作用。     

High power generation with simultaneous COD removal using a circulating column microbial fuel cell

BACKGROUND: A circulating column microbial fuel cell (MFC) with Cu anode and Au? Cu air cathode was used for power generation and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from synthetic wastewater. The column was operated in repeated‐fed batch mode using acclimated anaerobic sludge. The contents of the column MFC were circulated while the feed wastewater was fed to the reactor in fed‐batch mode. Effects of feed COD concentration and COD loading rate on voltage difference, power density and percentage COD removal were investigated. RESULTS: The highest voltage difference (650 mV), power density (40 W m^?2) were obtained with a feed COD of 6400 mg L^?1, yielding 45% COD removal with a COD loading rate of nearly 90 mg h^?1. Low COD loadings (<90 mg h^?1) caused substrate limitations, and high loadings (>90 mg h^?1) resulted in inhibition of COD removal and power generation. The highest percentage COD removal (50%) was obtained with feed COD content of 10.35 g L^?1 or a COD loading rate of 145 mg h^?1. CONCLUSION: The power densities obtained with the circulating column MFC were considerably higher than those reported in the literature due to elimination of mass transfer limitations by the high circulation rates, proximity of electrodes and small anode surface area used in this study. Further improvements may be possible with optimization of the operating parameters. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

A study of a microbial fuel cell battery using manure sludge waste

The cell voltage and power performance of a microbial fuel cell utilising waste carbohydrate as a fuel, that does not use a mediator, catalysts or a proton exchange membrane, is reported. Tests were conducted with the cell operated essentially as a battery using manure sludge as fuel and with oxygen reduction in an aqueous solution. Using carbon cloth as both anode and cathode, the cell produced peak power of the order of 5 mW m^?2. The cell performance was not greatly influenced by the quantity of fuel used and required a suitable separation between the cathode, anode and sludge/water interface. Agitation of the sludge did not adversely affect the cell performance, indicating that a continuous fuel cell system could be operated using the manure sludge. Using a platinised carbon cathode doubled the power density to over 10 mW m^?2. The use of nickel as an alternative cathode catalyst was not found to be effective under the conditions of operation of the cell. The cell power performance was found to be consistent and stable over the 3 month duration of the tests, after which point over 95% consumption of carbohydrate was achieved. Examination of the carbon anodes after the tests showed consistent formation of a biofilm on the surface of the fibres. A cell stack design based on multiple pocket anodes containing the fuel sludge has also been demonstrated. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

微生物燃料电池中阴极长期运行的性能分析

微生物燃料电池（MFC）阴极性能在长期运行过程中逐渐下降,查明其下降原因对MFC技术的实际应用具有重要意义。采用泡沫镍阴极研究了阴极长期运行过程中阴极下降的原因。研究发现：MFC运行4个月之后功率密度相比运行1周的MFC下降达22%,测试电极极化曲线发现阴极性能的下降是导致MFC功率密度下降的主要因素。线性伏安扫描（LSV）结果显示：运行初期在-0.2 V电势下阴极电流密度为12.3 A·m^-2,而运行4个月后,阴极电流密度下降为4.2 A·m^-2,阴极性能随运行时间增加而降低主要表现在大电流区域[>-0.05 V （vs Ag/AgCl）]。对阴极表面和内部进行扫描电子电镜（SEM）分析发现：阴极表面没有明显的生物膜,氧扩散实验发现阴极氧扩散量明显降低是造成阴极性能下降的主要原因;通过能谱分析（EDS）可知阴极内部有磷酸盐析出。这些结果说明阴极内部在长期运行过程中逐渐析盐,而析盐导致泡沫镍阴极内孔隙堵塞,阻碍氧扩散到催化层,从而使阴极性能降低。     

混合菌群与单菌株微生物燃料电池产电性能初步研究

以厌氧污泥为原始菌群来源构建混茼微生物燃料电池．840h后．最大功率密度达到1900mW·m^-1。从该电池阳极分离纯化出一株产电菌,细胞形态为球形．生长特性为兼性厌氧,经鉴定属于葡萄球菌属（Staphylococcus）,命名为StaphylococcusNJUST—1。以StaphylococcusN-IUS-1。为微生物构建单菌微生物燃料电池．稳定后最大功率密度达到520mw·m^-2,比混菌电池要低许多,同时极化曲线显示．电流密度达到0．18mA·cm^-2后,电压开始快速下降．表明在较大电流下NJUST—1产电受到阻碍。NJUST-1代谢1．0g·L^-1葡萄糖5～10h内。外路电压维持在较高水平;葡萄糖浓度降低到0．1g·L^-1时．电压明显下降;葡萄糖浓度接近0后．仍能检测到电压。     

Fuel cell power generation from marine sediments: Investigation of cathode materials

BACKGROUND: Marine sediment microbial fuel cells (MFC) utilise oxidisable carbon compounds and other components present in sediments on ocean floors and similar environments to produce power in conjunction with, principally, oxygen reduction at the cathode in the overlying water. The aim of the work was to investigate a range of cathode materials for sediment MFC, to achieve relatively high levels of power. RESULTS: Cell potential and power density performance data are reported for sediment MFC using cathodes of: carbon sponge, cloth and paper, graphite and reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC), Co and Fe‐Co tetramethoxyphenyl porphyrin (FeCoTMPP) and platinised carbon and titanium. The anode was graphite cloth. After a period of stabilisation, open circuit voltages of 700 mV and maximum power densities of 62 mW m^?2 were obtained, using FeCoTMPP. Relatively low cost carbon cathodes gave power densities of around 30 mW m^?2. CONCLUSIONS: The study has shown that low level power can be produced from marine sediments using MFC without separators between the fuel and seawater containing dissolved oxygen. Cathode performance was an important factor determining the power output. Electrocatalyst at the cathode improved performance: FeCoTMMP gave power densities of 60 mW m^?2 which was twice that achieved with the best un‐modified carbon. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry