共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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高温质子交换膜燃料电池在降低燃料电池水热管理复杂性、催化剂中毒方面有明显优势;可改善电池阴阳两极尤其是阴极氧气还原反应的动力学特性,提高电池的效率。聚合物电解质膜作为关键材料之一,在高温时易失水导致质子传导率降低、机械强度和热稳定性不高等问题。本文基于磺酸、磷酸和离子液体等不同质子传递介质,对高温聚合物电解质膜进行综述,比较了各类聚合物电解质膜的优缺点及应用时存在的问题,着重探讨嵌段共聚物在高温聚合物电解质膜方面的潜在应用,指出离子液体的添加不但可作为质子载体,而且在构建嵌段聚合物结构方面可发挥\"诱导剂\"作用。提出通过分子设计可更好了解嵌段聚合物的空间构效关系,进而通过结构设计提高膜的质子传导性能和稳定性。 相似文献
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以大尺寸单电池(有效工作面积为165 cm2)和多片单电池组装而成的电堆为研究对象,通过数值模拟和实验测试相结合的方法探究了单电池数量对高温聚合物电解质膜燃料电池堆输出性能、单池一致性和热管理的影响。模拟结果显示,当电堆的单池数量从10片增加至60片时,平均单池电压从0.6414 V略微降低至0.6404 V,且单池之间电压极差从1.8 mV增加至6.5 mV;单池间的平均工作温度从431.01 K升高至433.90 K,且每单池自身工作温度的极差从6.95 K增加至10.22 K。表明随着电堆单池数量的增加,电堆的平均单池电压呈轻微下降趋势,且单池间电压极差变大,单池电压一致性有所下降,单池间的温差变大,其单池自身的均温一致性也有所降低,电堆热管理难度增加。在模拟结果的指导下分别组装了30、60和120片单池的高温膜燃料电池堆,在氢/空干气、33 A的恒流放电条件下,测得30、60和120片单池电堆的平均单池电压分别为0.6566、0.6548和0.6552 V,单池极差从24 mV增加到59 mV,与模拟结果显示出良好的一致性,验证了模拟结果的有效性。在氢/空... 相似文献
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基于磷酸掺杂聚苯并咪唑膜(PA/PBI)的高温聚合物电解质膜燃料电池具有高的输出功率和优异的稳定性,然而PBI膜昂贵的价格和复杂的制备工艺限制了高温聚合物电解质膜燃料电池的商业化应用。本研究以成本低和制备工艺简单的聚醚砜-聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PES-PVP)膜的商业化应用为目标,小规模制备了幅宽为40 cm的PES-PVP复合膜,证实了流延法放大制备PES-PVP复合膜的可行性。PES-PVP膜中每个PVP重复单元的吸附量达4.9个磷酸(PA)分子,且在180℃的质子电导率达85 mS·cm-1。此外,尺寸为165 cm2的PA/PES-PVP高温膜电极在150℃的输出功率达0.19 W·cm-2@0.6 V,与同尺寸的商业化PA/PBI高温膜电极的输出功率相当,并在近3000 h的寿命测试中展示出良好的稳定性。最后,将PA/PES-PVP高温膜电极(单片有效面积200 cm2)组装高温膜燃料电池短堆,其中基于3片膜电极的短堆展现出良好的电堆启停稳定性;基于20片膜电极电堆的峰值功率达1.15 kW。以上结果表明所制备的PA/PES-PVP是一种性能优良、价格便宜的高温聚合物电解质膜材料,并且基于该膜材料组装的高温聚合物电解质膜电池和电堆性能优异。本研究工作为高温聚合物电解质膜燃料电池关键材料和电堆的国产化提供了研究基础。 相似文献
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综述了近十几年来高温质子交换膜燃料电池用离子液体聚合物电解质的研究进展及其在高温质子交换膜燃料电池中的应用进展,指出了此类电解质目前存在的亟待解决的两个问题:咪唑类离子液体毒化Pt基催化剂和复合膜中离子液体的长期稳定性。最后对高温质子交换膜燃料电池用离子液体聚合物电解质的发展前景作了展望,即开发与Pt基催化剂相容的离子液体聚合物电解质以及预防复合膜内离子液体的流失,即提高高温质子交换膜燃料电池的性能及长期稳定性,最终提高高温燃料电池的寿命。 相似文献
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对采用常规条形流场的H2—Air PEMFCs阴极建立了二维数学模型,模型的控制方程耦合了连续性方程、Darcy方程、电传导方程以及O2和H2O的对流-扩散方程,对氧的电化学还原反应过程采用Butler-Volmer方程描述.利用模型计算了阴极扩散层中电流密度、O2和H2O浓度、催化层界面上局部电流密度的分布,分析了采用常规条形流场时气体在阴极扩散层中的传递机制及各组分浓度分布的特点。 相似文献
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The synthesis of a thermally stable proton conducting polymer based on poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) was carried out using 2,6‐dimethylphenol (DMP) and 2‐allylphenol (AP) as monomers. The copolymers using the two monomers were prepared with DMP to AP molar ratios of 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, and 80:20. The polymers and the copolymers were blended with poly(vinylidene fluoride) and cast as membranes. All the membranes were sulfonated and characterized for their suitability as a polymer electrolyte membrane. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1792–1798, 2002 相似文献
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Phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole membranes: Physiochemical characterization and fuel cell applications 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell operational at temperatures around 150–200 °C is desirable for fast electrode kinetics and high tolerance to fuel impurities. For this purpose polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes have been prepared and H3PO4-doped in a doping range from 300 to 1600 mol %. Physiochemical properties of the membrane electrolyte have been investigated by measurements of water uptake, acid doping level, electric conductivity, mechanical strength and water drag coefficient. Electrical conductivity is found to be insensitive to humidity but dependent on the acid doping level. At 160 °C a conductivity as high as 0.13 S cm–1 is obtained for membranes of high doping levels. Mechanical strength measurements show, however, that a high acid doping level results in poor mechanical properties. At operational temperatures up to 190 °C, fuel cells based on this polymer membrane have been tested with both hydrogen and hydrogen containing carbon monoxide. 相似文献
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直接涂膜技术用于质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极制备 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
引 言质子交换膜燃料电池 (PEMFC)是极具吸引力的电化学能量转换装置 ,是未来电动汽车的主要动力源 ,也是洁净高效的新型化学电源 .对于电动汽车的应用 ,要求PEMFC提供高能量密度、低催化剂负载量 ,以降低系统体积和成本[1] .膜电极(membraneandelectrodeassembly ,简称MEA)是由聚合物电解质膜、电极催化剂和扩散层材料组合而成的三明治式结构组件 ,类似于计算机的芯片 ,是燃料电池的核心部件 ,长期以来大量的研究集中于MEA新材料设计与制备 ,以提高电池的性能 .近年来 ,对MEA的微观结构分析、MEA制备工艺与电池性能的关系研究工作明显增多[2~ 7] .从PEM FC研究实践中发现 ,如何减少电极中Pt催化剂负载量并能继续保持或者提高电池性能的MEA制备技术开发至关重要 .其中超薄Pt层沉积法[8~ 10 ] 是MEA的制备新技术之一 .与传统的基于墨水涂布(based inkprinting)的方法相比 ,喷溅沉积法(sputterdeposit) [9] 制备的MEA提高了电池的性能和催化剂的利用率 ,它是用直接喷溅沉积法 (directlydeposit) [10... 相似文献
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Yao‐Chi Shu Fu‐Sheng Chuang Wen‐Chin Tsen Jing‐Dong Chow Chunli Gong Sheng Wen 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2008,107(5):2963-2969
This investigation examines characteristics of sulfonated polyether imides (SPEI) with various ion exchange capacity values (IEC) and completes previous work to enable its blends to be adopted as polyelectrolyte in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). Polyether imides (PEI) were sulfonated by using chlorosulfonic acid as the sulfonating agent and chloroform as the solvent. The structure of SPEI was observed by FTIR and 1H NMR. The sulfonate or sulfonic acid content of the polymers, expressed as a number per repeat unit of the polymer, was accurately determined by elemental analysis and conductometric titration. Physical properties such as solubility, intrinsic viscosities, thermal stability, and glass transition temperature (Tg) were studied for both PEI and SPEI. TGA‐FTIR verified that sulfonic groups, attached to the aromatic ring in the PEI backbone, are split at 230–350°C, but the main‐chain splitting temperature of SPEI is similar to that of pure polymer. The sulfonated samples exhibited good solubilities and increased glass transition temperatures (Tg values) as degree of sulfonation (DS) increased; two Tg values were detected when IEC was sufficiently high. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
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Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) offer a high degree of design flexibility, ranging from a single cell to a massive multi-cell that can be used in various applications, including portable devices, transportation, and stationary applications. Unfortunately, the most significant barrier to the commercialization of DEFCs is getting low-cost and ethanol permeability, high conductivity performance, and extended durability of polymer electrolyte membranes, as key components that highly influence the overall performance. In this paper, the recent progress in developing the polymer electrolyte membrane for the application of DEFCs has been comprehensively reviewed. Focusing on an updated modification of polymeric materials in the last 5 years, including Nafion-based membrane, polyvinyl alcohol-based membrane, polybenzimidazoles-based membrane, chitosan-based membrane, and sodium alginate-based membrane, as well as factors and challenges that affected the performance of polymer electrolyte membranes have been discussed, including the main characterization, catalyst selection, cell design, and work in membrane and cell performance of DEFCs. All discussion addresses the strategy to improve the performance of polymer electrolyte membranes in DEFCs in order to penetrate the commercialization stages. 相似文献
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随着工业化进程高速发展,尤其受近期“雾霾”的影响,大气环境质量越来越受重视。空气中氧气补给是提高空气质量的关键方法之一。相对于传统制氧技术(如空气物理分离法、化学法以及水电解法等),空气源电化学连续分离制纯氧技术具有空气源分离制纯氧、能量效率高、连续运行、环境友好、安静、易规模放大等特点,可实现室内外场合应用。该技术的关键部件是质子交换膜燃料电池和固体聚合物电解质电解池(简称燃料电池和电解池)。分别考察了其单池操作条件对性能的影响,如燃料电池的操作温度、相对湿度、气体利用率和压强,以及电解池的供水方式、循环水流速、操作温度等。测试了燃料电池单池极化曲线、电化学交流阻抗谱,并计算了膜电导率和活化能。对极化曲线进行拟合得出塔菲尔(Tafel)斜率、氧还原反应交换电流密度i0以及传质影响参数m、n等基本动力学参数。结果表明,氢空燃料电池单池最优化条件为:常压条件下,操作温度为60℃,峰值功率密度可达0.42 W·cm-2,膜面电阻为77 mΩ·cm2,膜电导率为41.4 mS·cm-1。Tafel斜率受温度影响较小,在120 mV·dec-1左右,但受相对湿度影响较大。相对湿度对单池性能影响显著。电解池单池最优化操作条件为:操作温度对性能影响较大且最佳为65℃,膜面电阻为1.08 Ω·cm2,膜电导率为11.7 mS·cm-1。循环水流速对性能影响较小。供水方式的优劣次序为两极供水≈阳极供水>阴极供水。在上述实验条件下,燃料电池中Nafion®211膜和电解池中Nafion®115膜的活化能计算值分别为3.75和4.61 kJ·mol-1。基于燃料电池和电解池的单池电化学性能优化,研究结果可为后续的制氧机系统中电池堆的实施提供实验依据。 相似文献
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Mohammad Ebrahimi Wojciech Kujawski Kateryna Fatyeyeva Joanna Kujawa 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(11)
Today, the use of polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) possessing ionic liquids (ILs) in middle and high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (MT-PEMFCs and HT-PEMFCs) have been increased. ILs are the organic salts, and they are typically liquid at the temperature lower than 100 °C with high conductivity and thermal stability. The membranes containing ILs can conduct protons through the PEMs at elevated temperatures (more than 80 °C), unlike the Nafion-based membranes. A wide range of ILs have been identified, including chiral ILs, bio-ILs, basic ILs, energetic ILs, metallic ILs, and neutral ILs, that, from among them, functionalized ionic liquids (FILs) include a lot of ion exchange groups in their structure that improve and accelerate proton conduction through the polymeric membrane. In spite of positive features of using ILs, the leaching of ILs from the membranes during the operation of fuel cell is the main downside of these organic salts, which leads to reducing the performance of the membranes; however, there are some ways to diminish leaching from the membranes. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of these issues by evaluating key studies that have been undertaken in the last years in order to present objective and comprehensive updated information that presents the progress that has been made in this field. Significant information regarding the utilization of ILs in MT-PEMFCs and HT-PEMFCs, ILs structure, properties, and synthesis is given. Moreover, leaching of ILs as a challenging demerit and the possible methods to tackle this problem are approached in this paper. The present review will be of interest to chemists, electrochemists, environmentalists, and any other researchers working on sustainable energy production field. 相似文献