静电纺丝的技术进展

简述了静电纺丝的原理、装置及发展历程;比较了溶剂静电纺丝法和熔融静电纺丝法;介绍了静电纺丝法的技术进展。指出在熔融型静电纺丝法的研究中,开发了具有激光加热部的熔融型静电纺丝装置,进一步突破了纳米纤维的制造技术。随着纳米技术的不断发展,静电纺丝法制造的纳米纤维应用广泛,其发展前景看好。     

静电纺纳米纤维修饰电极的研究进展

静电纺丝纳米纤维较传统纳米材料有许多独特的性能,静电纺丝纳米纤维修饰电极的研究是其新热点;按修饰方法的不同,静电纺丝纳米纤维修饰电极分为直接修饰和非直接修饰电极两大类。综合近年来国内外的静电纺丝纳米纤维修饰电极相关研究,阐述了静电纺丝技术直接修饰电极、静电纺丝技术非直接修饰电极的相关纳米纤维材料的制备、特性及应用;指出由于静电纺丝纳米材料的多样化与优异性,静电纺丝纳米纤维修饰电极具有灵活性与灵敏性,其在生物传感器、生物芯片、染料电池等方面的应用极具开发潜力,在未来多个领域和研究中发挥重要作用。     

静电纺丝的研究进展

简述了国内外静电纺丝的研究现状;介绍了静电纺丝的制备原理、静电纺丝装置的改进、影响纤维成形的主要工艺参数及纤维形态;叙述了静电纺丝纳米纤维在过滤材料、生物医学和传感器等方面的应用;展望了静电纺丝的发展方向。指出静电纺丝是纳米纤维的新型生产技术,今后应进一步调整静电纺丝工艺,开发绿色溶剂,以尽早实现静电纺丝的工业化。     

静电纺丝制备污水过滤材料的研究进展

介绍了静电纺丝的原理、优点及在污水过滤材料上的应用,重点介绍了国内外应用静电纺丝技术制备有吸附及光催化分解功能的污水过滤材料的最新研究进展,并指出静电纺丝过滤材料将会在未来污水处理中发挥重要作用。     

静电纺丝制备中空纳米纤维/纳米管研究进展

介绍了静电纺丝的制备原理和制备中空纳米纤维/纳米管的方法,简述了静电纺丝制备中空纳米纤维/纳米管的影响因素;对目前静电纺丝制备中空纳米纤维/纳米管的研究进展情况进行阐述,并对其在光催化、传感器和电池方面的应用加以介绍。     

无针静电纺丝技术工业化进展

简单介绍了无针静电纺丝基本原理、工艺特点及研究进展;概述了无针静电纺丝装置的基本类型,根据射流激发形式不同,无针喷头可分为旋转喷头和静止喷头两大类;重点介绍了近年来逐步发展起来的工业化无针静电纺丝技术及装备,比如纳米蜘蛛技术、气泡静电纺丝技术、狭缝表面静电纺丝技术、熔体微分静电纺丝技术;其中,熔体微分静电纺丝不使用溶剂,是一种绿色制造技术,而且不存在溶剂挥发,生产效率高,对于实现工业化连续生产超细纤维具有很大潜力。对未来无针静电纺丝工业化生产的研究重点提出了个人的见解,对于无针静电纺丝技术,射流原理、纺丝过程控制方法和纺丝工艺参数的优化还需更深入研究,同时工业化生产系统要综合考虑到成本、效率、质量和安全等问题。     

静电纺丝法制造纳米非织造材料

日本宝翎公司采用静电纺丝法工艺制造纳米非织造材料。纳米纤维非织造材料视所用聚合物种类的不同而异，平均纤维直径约为0．1g/cm-0．3g／cm。静电纺丝所用聚合物种类范围广，有聚丙烯腈等有机溶剂系聚合物及聚乙烯醇等水系聚合物。该公司开展以聚丙烯腈为中心的研究，可用作过滤介质及电池隔膜等。     

无针熔体静电纺丝的研究进展

无针熔体静电纺丝由于其不使用溶剂,并且有很高的纺丝效率,是目前纳米纤维绿色批量化制备的一种有效的工艺路线。介绍了无针熔体静电纺丝基本原理、工艺特点及研究的重难点,概述了国内外关于无针熔体静电纺丝的装置及工艺研究,并介绍了笔者团队的熔体微分静电纺丝技术,最后提出了几点对未来无针熔体静电纺丝研究重点的看法。以期增进对无针熔体静电纺丝在超细纤维绿色批量化制造的认识,并在此基础上有装置、工艺或理论上的新认识。     

静电纺丝装置的关键部件研究进展

随着轻工业的快速发展,我国的静电纺丝技术取得了较大的进步。静电纺丝装置是获取纳米纤维最简单也是最经济的方法之一,但是产量低限制了静电纺纳米纤维产业化生产及应用的最大的技术瓶颈。静电纺丝装置主要由注射泵、高压电源、喷头和收集器组成,而喷头是静电纺丝装置的关键部件,因此研究喷头的技术发展对静电纺丝装置起到非常重要的作用。本文主要介绍了静电纺丝装置关键部件喷头的技术发展进程与面临的问题及静电纺丝应用领域,并对静电纺丝装置的发展前景进行展望。     

静电纺丝技术在生物医用材料领域的应用

简要介绍了静电纺丝技术的基本原理及其发展历程。从组织工程支架、医用敷料、载药系统方面综述了静电纺丝纳米纤维在生物医用领域的具体应用,总结了这些领域的发展现状,展望了未来我国医用纺织材料的发展方向。指出静电纺丝技术存在可用于电纺的聚合物种类不够多、纺丝速度慢、批量工业化生产还有许多工艺技术需要完善等不足之处,但对于静电纺纳米纤维的微观形貌、直径、力学性能及材料的生物相容性的研究,已取得成效,静电纺丝仍会成为制备医用材料最为广泛的技术之一。     

Blow-assisted multi-jet electrospinning of poly-L-lactic acid nanofibers

Regardless the low production rate, electrospinning remains the attractive technique for the nanofibers production in various fields. Thus, the development of a multi-jet technologies for electrospinning gives an opportunity to scale up and increase throughput of the fibers production. However, the multi-jet electrospinning technologies exhibit one major drawback– electrostatic mutual jet repulsion issue. In present research, we propose air blow-assisted multi-jet electrospinning system allowing production of nanofibers with yield, at least, tenfold higher than single jet electrospinning. The system produces nanofibers in two modes: multi-jet electrospinning and blow-assisted multi-jet electrospinning. In case of the latter, the application of sheath air stream allows the system to overcome the electrostatic mutual repulsion issue. These lead to the reduction of deviation of the polymer solution jets, the reduction of instabilities of the jets and the improvement of the control of the nanofibers deposition. Nanofibers morphology and size were investigated based on the scanning electron microscope micrographs. The comparison of the two modes shows changes in nanofibers morphology from beaded structure to fine nanofibers, and the slight increase in fiber mean size when the blowing assistance was applied to the process.     

电纺丝形成纤维的过程分析

采用静电喷雾等方法研究了聚丙烯腈 (PAN) ,聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺 (MPIA) ,聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺 (PPTA)的电纺丝成纤过程。结果表明 ,高聚物溶液受电场力及表面张力的影响形成喷射细流 ,两种作用力的扰动及作用引起射流的不稳定 ,从而发生射流分裂 ;在相同电纺丝条件下 ,PAN纤维细度远大于PPTA及MPIA纤维细度。     

Piezoelectric and Electrostatic Properties of Electrospun PVDF‐TrFE Nanofibers and their Role in Electromechanical Transduction in Nanogenerators and Strain Sensors

Piezo‐ and ferroelectric nanofibers of the polymer poly(vinylidenefluoride) (PVDF) have been widely employed in strain and pressure sensors as well as nanogenerators for energy harvesting. Despite this interest, the mechanism of electromechanical transduction is under debate and a deeper knowledge about relevant piezoelectric or electrostatic properties of nanofibers is crucial to optimize transduction efficiency. Here poly(vinylidenefluoride‐trifluoroethylene) nanofibers at different electrospinning conditions are prepared. Macroscopic electromechanical response of fiber mats with microscopic analysis of single nanofibers performed by piezoelectric and electrostatic force microscopy are compared. The results show that electrospinning favors the formation of the piezoelectric β‐phase in the polymer and leads directly to piezoelectric properties that are comparable to annealed thin films. However, during electrospinning the electric field is not strong enough to induce direct ferroelectric domain polarization. Instead accumulation of triboelectric surface charges and trapped space charge is observed in the polymer that explain the electret like macroscopic electromechanical response.     

PBO的合成及其纺丝技术研究进展

概述了聚对苯撑苯并二(?)唑(PBO)及PBO纤维国内外的发展现状;详述了PBO的合成方法:对苯二甲酸法、对苯二甲酰氯法、三甲基硅烷基化法、对苯二甲酸盐法、对羟基苯甲酸酯法等,以及PBO纤维的制备:液晶纺丝法和静电纺丝法;建议今后国内PBO纤维的发展应开发具有自主知识产权的高性能PBO纤维生产技术。     

电除尘器技术发展现状及新技术简介

随着国家对污染控制要求的不断提高,特别是对粉尘排放浓度的控制越来越严格,进一步促进了电除尘器技术的不断发展：简要介绍了我国电除尘器技术的发展现状、已成功运行的几种新型电除尘器技术及目前的研发热点,指出了电除尘器技术在理论层面上将有更大的突破.     

Shear-aided high-throughput electrospinning: A needleless method with enhanced jet formation

In this article, we introduce a novel high productivity electrospinning setup for scaling up the classical method. We propose a new spinneret concept, which allows the shearing of the polymer solution prior to electrospinning. Most of the solutions used in electrospinning are shear-thinning, that is, as they are sheared, they show smaller resistance against the deformations caused by the electrostatic field. Therefore, enhanced Taylor-cone formation can be achieved, and it also gives a hand in controlling the nanofiber morphology easily, even during operation. In this study, we investigated the influence of shearing on the electrospinning process and the fiber morphology. When shearing was applied by rotation, the operation became more stable and the fiber morphology improved. Multiple jets were observed along the circular edges of the spinneret, also became thinner as an effect of the shearing rotation. The average diameter of the electrospun nanofibers was decreased by 18% with rotation speed applied, compared to those of the nonrotating condition (0 rpm). Besides that, we found that the electrospun nanofiber diameter distribution was significantly different for the various rotation speeds for which we found an applicable explanation with the aid of high-speed camera recordings.     

Effects of reversed arrangement of electrodes on electrospun nanofibers

The process of electrospinning can be affected by various parameters, leading to as‐prepared nanofibers with different morphology and properties. In order to explore the impact of DC(+) high‐voltage position on the resultant nanofibers, two setups with DC(+) high‐voltage individually tethered to the needle (S‐1) and the collecting plate (S‐2) were fabricated. Nanofibers produced by both setups under the same conditions were examined to distinguish their differences in morphology and electrostatic properties. It was found that the nanofibers with positive surface potential produced by the S‐1 setup have a larger surface coverage and porosity, smaller average diameter, and wider distribution of diameters. Furthermore, the differences between both setups in the trajectory of flying jets and the distribution of electric field intensity were studied. The results showed that the volume charge density (VCD) of the flying jets plays a crucial role in determining the morphology and electrostatic properties of the resultant nanofibers. The relationship between the position of DC(+) high‐voltage and the VCD of flying jets was then discussed, which could develop a better understanding of the process of electrospinning and deliver more accurate control over the production of various functional nanofibers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44687.     

Recent advances in solar cells based on one-dimensional nanostructure arrays

As the demand for renewable energy resource is growing rapidly worldwide, a variety of energy materials and technologies are being developed. In this review, we aim to summarize recent developments in the state-of-the-art research on energy harvesting technologies such as thin-film Si or Ge, CdTe, GaAs, organic, hybrid, and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) utilizing one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials, mainly semiconductor nanowires, nanocones, nanotubes and nanofibers, which are prepared by vapor-liquid-solid method, colloidal lithography, template-guided growth, or electrospinning. Moreover, the future challenges (such as efficiency improvement and natural resource limitations) and prospects of nanostructured solar cells are proposed.     

Fabrication of gelatin/chitosan nanofibrous scaffold: process optimization and empirical modeling

Electrospinning is a very useful technique for producing polymeric nanofibers by applying electrostatic forces. This study reports on the modeling and optimization of the electrospinning process of gelatin/chitosan, using response surface methodology. The individual and the interaction effects of the gelatin/chitosan blend ratio (50/50, 60/40 and 70/30), applied voltage (20, 25 and 30 kV) and feeding rate (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mL h^?1) on the mean fiber diameter and standard deviation of the fiber diameter were investigated on optimization section, using scanning electron microscopy. To fabricate the nanofibrous gelatin/chitosan blend, trifluoroacetic acid/dichloromethane was selected as the solvent system. The model obtained for the mean fiber diameter has a quadratic relationship with applied voltage and feeding rate. The interaction between applied voltage and flow rate were found significant but the interactions of blend ratio and flow rate and also blend ratio and applied voltage were negligible. A quadratic relationship was obtained for applied voltage and flow rate with standard deviation of the fiber diameter and there was no interaction between the parameters in the model. The optimum condition for electrospinning of gelatin/chitosan was also introduced using the model obtained in this study. Scanning electron micrographs of human dermal fibroblast cells on the nanofibrous structures show good attachment and proliferation on the fabricated scaffold surface. Electrospun gelatin/chitosan nanofibrous mats have great potential for use as a scaffold for skin tissue engineering. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

Electrospinning of Technical Lignins for the Production of Fibrous Networks

Abstract

Electrospinning is an effective strategy to produce micron and sub-micron diameter fibrous networks from a variety of polymeric systems. Using seven different technical lignins the effect of lignin structure on fiber formation by electrospinning was studied. Surprisingly, none of the technical lignins could be electrospun into continuous fibers, although beaded fiber formation was observed for the softwood Kraft lignin system at high concentration (>50 wt%). However, the addition of poly(ethylene oxide) dramatically affected the electrospinning behavior and fiber formation. For all of the technical lignins a clear transition from electrospray or beaded fibers to uniform fibers was observed upon addition of poly(ethylene oxide); the lignin concentration dependent on poly(ethylene oxide) content. In all of the systems a linear increase in fiber diameter with increasing lignin concentration was observed. At the same concentration, the various lignin solutions had varying viscosities and different electrospinning behavior, that is, fiber diameter and ability to form uniform fibers, suggesting lignin specific structures and intermolecular interactions are influencing solution properties and electrospinning behavior. In fact, specific viscosity versus concentration plots reveal scaling exponents’, η ～ c^7.4–7.8 consistent with a branched polymer participating in intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding or association complexes.