微波蚀刻法制备RGO-BiOCl/Bi2WO6异质结型催化剂及其催化性能

采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯,以Bi（NO₃）₃·5H₂O、KCl、Na₂WO₄为原料,采用微波蚀刻法在其基础上负载BiOCl/Bi₂WO₆。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、比表面积测定仪（BET）、紫外-可见漫反射（UV-Vis）及透射电镜（TEM）等对所制备的催化剂进行表征。以RhB作为目标降解物,考察其光催化性能。结果表明,当RGO：RGO-BiOCl（质量比）为2%、Bi₂WO₆：RGO-BiOCl/Bi₂WO₆（摩尔比）为50%,降解率可达94.6%,远高于纯BiOCl。     

基于异质结的Bi2WO6/Bi2O2CO3复合光催化剂的制备及其在抗生素废水处理中的性能研究

以Bi（NO₃）₃·5H₂O和Na₂WO₄·2H₂O为前驱体,采用溶剂热法合成了Bi₂WO₆/Bi₂O₂CO₃异质结,利用XRD、XPS、SEM、TEM、BET、FT-IR、UV-Vis、PL等对催化剂进行表征和分析。以环丙沙星和罗丹明B为目标污染物,在可见光下对污染物进行降解,并探究了材料的光催化活性。结果表明,Bi₂WO₆/Bi₂O₂CO₃复合材料的光催化活性远高于纯Bi₂WO₆和纯Bi₂O₂CO₃,原因是Bi₂WO₆和Bi₂O₂CO     

Bi2WO6复合材料光催化性能的研究进展

Bi₂WO₆是一种极具应用前景的新型光催化材料。通过掺杂、负载、改性,可提高电荷分离效率和延伸光激发的能级范围,实现对太阳光的高效利用,可作为光解水和降解有机污染物的催化剂。本文介绍了近几年Bi₂WO₆与单元素、化合物、三元结构的复合体系,综述分析其复合材料的光催化性能的研究现状。     

Bi2WO6光催化联合过一硫酸盐降解橙黄Ⅱ

利用简便的水热法制备Bi₂WO₆光催化材料，研究光照条件下Bi₂WO₆活化PMS降解橙黄Ⅱ溶液的效果，考察了Bi₂WO₆投加量、PMS质量浓度、初始pH、共存阴离子及腐殖酸(HA)对降解效果的影响。采用XRD、SEM和FT-IR对材料的晶体结构、表面形貌及反应前后结构进行表征分析，结果显示该材料在反应后表现出良好的稳定性。当Bi₂WO₆投加量为0.6 g/L、PMS质量浓度为0.8 g/L、橙黄Ⅱ质量浓度为10 mg/L、pH为7.5时，反应60 min内橙黄Ⅱ的降解率超过97%。实验体系在弱碱性条件下的降解效果最佳。共存离子实验结果表明，溶液中的Cl^-能促进橙黄Ⅱ降解，NO₃^-对降解的影响不明显，SO₄^2-、HCO₃^-、H₂PO_...     

Bi2WO6/g-C3N4复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能研究

以尿素、硝酸铋、钨酸钠等为主要原料,在热缩聚法制备g-C₃N₄的基础上,通过水热法制备Bi₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂。在模拟太阳光照射下,研究Bi₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂对甲基橙的光催化降解性能。结果表明,复合光催化剂相比于单体光催化剂的性能有显著提高。在Bi₂WO₆与g-C₃N₄质量比为2∶1、水热温度为180℃、水热时间为12 h条件下,复合光催化剂的性能最好。光照时间210 min时,甲基橙降解率达到了98.15%,相比于单体Bi₂WO₆和g-C₃N₄光催化剂的效率分别提高了25.1%和37.7%,且光催化降解过程符合一级动力学方程。复合光催化剂具有优异的稳定性,经过4次重...     

BiOCl/g-C3N4异质结催化剂可见光催化还原CO2

以KCl、Bi（NO₃）₃和类石墨氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）为前体,采用水热法成功制备了BiOCl/g-C₃N₄异质结光催化剂,并进行可见光催化还原CO₂,考察了催化剂的活性及稳定性,同时研究BiOCl：g-C₃N₄（摩尔比）、催化剂用量和光照强度对光催化还原CO₂的影响。结果表明,在水蒸气的存在下,BiOCl/g-C₃N₄较纯BiOCl和g-C₃N₄具有更高的光催化还原CO₂活性,在催化剂用量为0.1 g,光照强度为2.413×10^-6 einstein·min^-1·cm^-2,BiOCl：g-C₃N₄摩尔比为1：1的异质结催化剂显示了最高的光催化还原CO₂活性,且可见光催化剂在5次套用实验后其活性基本不变。基于X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、比表面积测试（BET）和紫外-可见（UV-vis）吸收光谱表征,可以推断BiOCl和g-C₃N₄之间形成的p-n结能有效分离光生电子和空穴,是增强光催化剂活性的主要原因。     

MWNTs/Bi2WO6-TiO2光催化降解土霉素的性能及机理

土霉素(OTC)是抗生素类废水去除的主要目标污染物之一。通过水热法合成了一种可见光响应良好的新型复合光催化剂——MWNTs/Bi₂WO₆-TiO₂,采用OTC模拟废水进行光催化降解性能及机理研究。结果表明，在反应温度为25℃时，投加0.8 g/L的MWNTs/Bi₂WO₆-TiO₂,光催化初始pH值为6、200 mL质量浓度为50 mg/L的OTC溶液120 min,降解率可达到83.97%,复合催化剂的可见光照射催化效果明显优于紫外光。复合光催化材料显示了良好的稳定性，经过4次循环使用，对OTC的降解率达72.13%,仍保持较高的光催化活性。·OH、·O^-₂是光催化降解中主要的活性物质。以上研究结果可为含抗生素的废水处理研究提供参考。     

氧化铋/钨酸铋复合催化剂的制备及光催化性能研究

采用水热合成法成功合成了由不规则纳米片交叉堆积起来形成三维结构的Bi₂O₃/Bi₂WO₆复合光催化剂,纳米片之间存在大量的孔隙结构。通过SEM、XRD、UV-Vis DRS及PL等对复合催化剂的形貌、结构、光学性能等进行了表征。在不同的光源下(500 W的金卤灯、氙灯及汞灯),研究其对苯甲醇的光催化选择性氧化的性能。结果表明：在金卤灯下,Bi2O3、Bi2WO6及Bi₂O₃/Bi₂WO₆复合催化剂的苯甲醇的转化率分别为96%、99%及91%,苯甲醛的选择性分别为8%、3%及35%,苯甲酸的选择性分别为44%、69%及60%。在氙灯下,3种催化剂的苯甲醇的转化率分别为15%、20%及39%,苯甲醛的选择性分别为40%、35%及80%,基本无苯甲酸生成。在汞灯下,3种催化剂的苯甲醇的转化率分别为50%、46%及89%,苯甲醛的选择性分别为16%、11%及37%,基本无苯甲酸生成。     

钨酸铋基光催化剂改性研究进展

近年来,能源、环境领域的需求和问题带动了光催化研究的广泛开展。钨酸铋(Bi₂WO₆)具有无毒性、低带隙能和易于制备等特点,是一种出色的光催化剂。本文从形态控制、掺杂和形成异质结几个方面综述了Bi₂WO₆基光催化剂的改性研究,并对未来的发展做了展望,以期为控制环境污染及推动可持续发展提供参考依据。     

光催化联合海水NaHSO3还原脱除船舶烟气中NO的研究

为减少船舶柴油机烟气中NO的排放,将光催化技术与紫外/NaHSO₃高级还原技术联合还原脱除模拟烟气中NO。制备了Ag/TiO_2-x/泡沫陶瓷光催化剂,利用自制的光催化海水喷淋反应器考察了温度、液气比、NaHSO₃浓度、空速、NO浓度对脱硝率的影响。结果表明,随着温度的升高,脱硝率提高;液气比为3～6 L/m³时,脱硝率变化较小;随着NaHSO₃浓度的增大,脱硝率先升后降;空速和NO浓度增大都不利于脱硝。光催化联合海水NaHSO₃能还原脱除NO,NO质量浓度为1 000 mg/m³时,脱硝率可达66.6%,N₂选择性为67.54%,NH⁺₄选择性为13.16%。     

Facile one-pot synthesis of a BiOBr/Bi2WO6 heterojunction with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for tetracycline degradation

Photocatalytic removal of tetracycline (TC) from the wastewater is of great value in the chemical and environmental engineering field. Here, we introduced a facile one-step method for the synthesis of BiOBr/Bi₂WO₆ heterojunctions by using cheap CTAB as the Br source. We showed the possibility of our method to fine-tune the content of BiOBr in the produced BiOBr/Bi₂WO₆ by simply changing the dosage of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), providing a platform for the delicate tuning of the visible-light absorbance ability of the composites. With a suitable heterojunction structure of BiOBr/Bi₂WO₆-0.2, it exhibited an ultrarapid photocatalytic activity towards TC (20 mg·L^-1), with a competitive removal efficiency of 88.1% within 60 min and an ultrahigh removal rate of 0.0349 min^-1. It could also be robustly recycled for at least 5 cycles with slight removal efficiency loss. We demonstrated that this exciting photocatalytic performance was due to the highly decreased recombination of photoinduced electrons and holes on our composites by constructing this heterojunction structure, and the resulting OH and contributed to the effective degradation of TC to CO₂.     

Improvement in selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides by using dielectric barrier discharge

The behavior of the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) assisted by a dielectric barrier discharge was investigated. The principal function of the dielectric barrier discharge in the present system is to generate ozone, which is continuously fed to a chamber where the ozone and NO-rich exhaust gas (NO forms the large majority of NO_x) are mixed. In the ozonization chamber, a part of NO contained in the exhaust gas is oxidized to NO₂, and then the mixture of NO and NO₂ enters the catalytic reactor. The ozonization method proposed in this study was found to be more energy-efficient for the oxidation of NO to NO₂ than the typical nonthermal plasma process. The degree of NO oxidation was approximately equal to the amount of ozone added to the exhaust gas, implying that the decomposition of ozone into molecular oxygen was relatively slow, compared to its reaction with NO. When the exhaust gas was first treated by ozone to produce a mixture of NO and NO₂, a remarkable enhancement in the catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides was observed. Neither NO₃ nor N₂O₅ was formed in the present system, but small amounts of ozone and N₂O (less than 5 ppm) were detected in the outlet gas.     

Rapid preparation of Bi2WO6 photocatalyst with nanosheet morphology via microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis

Nanocrystalline Bi₂WO₆ photocatalyst with nanosheet morphology was successfully synthesized by a microwave-solvothermal process. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), BET surface area analysis, Uv–vis diffuse reflectance spectrum (Uv–vis DRS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In comparison with a conventional hydrothermal process, the microwave-solvothermal process presented many advantages in a shorter reaction time, higher surface area and more oxygen vacancies for the preparation of Bi₂WO₆ samples. The absorption edge of the samples is at ca. 445 nm, corresponding to band gap energy of about 2.8 eV. The morphology of nanosheets with nanocrystals was also observed. For the decomposition of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm), nanocrystalline Bi₂WO₆ samples obtained by microwave-solvothermal process showed higher photocatalytic activity than that of the sample obtained by conventional hydrothermal process.     

低温等离子体用于柴油机尾气脱硝的实验

柴油机作为卡车、重型机械以及船舶的主动力装置仍被广泛采用,其尾气中氮氧化物的脱除技术也是目前的研究热点。本文搭建了模拟柴油机尾气的配气系统,采用介质阻挡放电产生低温等离子体（non-thermal plasma,NTP）的方法对模拟柴油机尾气进行了脱硝的实验研究。实验结果表明：针对本系统,电源效率和能量密度随着输入电压的增大而升高,当输入电压高于60V时,电源效率在90%以上;在O₂/N₂条件下,随着O₂浓度以及能量密度的增加,NO生成量逐渐增加,NO₂生成量先增加后降低最终趋于稳定;在NO/N₂条件下,低温等离子体对NO的脱除率接近100%;在NO/O₂/N₂条件下,随着NO浓度的增加,临界O₂浓度升高,O₂体积分数为1%时脱硝效率在90%以上,O₂体积分数高于14%时低温等离子体的脱硝率为负值,且随着能量密度的增加,生成的NO _x 浓度也更高,O₂浓度对低温等离子体的脱硝性能起决定性作用;在低能量密度时,加入NH₃会提高脱硝性能,高能量密度时NH₃会略微降低NTP的脱硝性能,当加入H₂O模拟真实柴油机尾气成分且喷氨时,获得的脱硝率最高为40.6%。     

g-C3N4/Bi/Bi2WO6光催化材料的协同改性研究

以五水合硝酸铋[Bi（NO₃）₃·5H₂O]为铋源、二水合钨酸钠（Na₂WO₄·2H₂O）为钨源通过水热法制备出多孔钨酸铋（Bi₂WO₆）,并以纳米板条堆叠形成椭球结构的类石墨相氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）为基底通过溶剂热法在原位还原金属铋（Bi）的同时制备出具有Z型异质结构的g-C₃N₄/Bi/Bi₂WO₆（CN/B/BWO）复合光催化材料。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、氮气吸附-脱附等温线（BET）、紫外-可见吸收光谱（UV-Vis）和光致发光（PL）光谱等检测手段对制备的样品进行了表征。结果表明,金属铋可以作为类石墨相氮化碳和钨酸铋之间的电荷转移媒介,其产生的表面等离子体共振（SPR）效应可协同增强光生电子-空穴对的分离效率和载流子的迁移率,从而提升样品的光催化活性。采用350 W氙灯照射30 min,样品CN/B/BWO-0.7对盐酸四环素（TC-H）的降解率达到99.94%,并对其降解机理进行了探讨。     

Synergistic catalysis of carbon black oxidation by Pt with MoO3 or V2O5

A series of SiO₂-supported MoO₃, V₂O₅, and Pt catalysts were prepared for the study of model soot oxidation with simulated diesel exhaust gas. Composite samples of Pt with the metal oxides demonstrated higher oxidation activities than the single-component SiO₂-supported MoO₃, V₂O₅ or Pt catalysts in the absence of SO₂ in the reactant gas. Based on the effects of NO₂ on carbon oxidation, a synergistic reaction mechanism was suggested to explain the effects of combining Pt with the oxides: Pt catalyzes the oxidation of NO with gas phase O₂ to NO₂, while MoO₃ and V₂O₅ catalyze the oxidation of carbon with NO₂. Finally, the effects of SO₂ on the carbon oxidation reaction were examined and discussed.     

烟气及飞灰组分对溴改性飞灰脱汞特性的影响

燃煤飞灰中的未燃碳（unburned carbon,UBC）和金属氧化物因对汞有一定的吸附和氧化作用而被认为是燃煤电厂廉价的潜在脱汞吸附剂,但效率有待提高。文章选取两种UBC含量不同的飞灰,采用质量分数1%的NH₄Br溶液对其浸渍改性,利用固定床汞吸附实验台探究了烟气组分（O₂、SO₂和NO）以及飞灰中无机金属氧化物对汞吸附和氧化的影响,以期获得高效脱汞吸附剂吸附机理。结果表明,O₂对于溴素改性飞灰氧化汞有较小的促进效果,SO₂具有一定的抑制作用,NO促进Hg⁰的氧化效果明显;溴素改性飞灰中的Fe₂O₃和TiO₂对Hg⁰的氧化起着主要作用,原因在于溴素改性增加了金属氧化物Fe₂O₃和TiO₂中的晶格氧含量,促进了Hg⁰的催化氧化,主要遵循Mars-Maessen机理。另外,UBC含量对飞灰脱除Hg⁰的影响很大,溴素嵌入飞灰表面的UBC时,会使其邻域的活性加强,从而增强碳质表面对Hg⁰的吸附能力,促进了后续反应的进行。     

Morphology selective construction of β-cyclodextrin functionalized Fe3O4-Bi2WO6 nanocomposite with superior adsorptivity and visible-light-driven catalytic activity

Controlled growth of Bi₂WO₆ nanorods with exposed [0 0 1] facets and the fabrication of an Fe₃O₄-Bi₂WO₆ magnetic composite by a microwave-assisted polyol process, were achieved in this study. The adsorptivity and photocatalytic performance of the composite toward sunset yellow dye degradation were greatly enhanced by the β-cyclodextrin cavities on its surface, firmly anchored through a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide linkage. A series of examinations and characterizations were carried out to determine the influence of various factors on the morphological modulation-photocatalytic behavior of the pure Bi₂WO₆ prior to final functionalization. Changing the pH of the precursor solution impacted the formation of 0D, 2D, and 3D structures; however, the presence of hexamethylenetetramine surfactant induced the development of 1D nanorod structure. A reasonable crystal growth mechanism was proposed to elucidate the formation process. Conversely, the mechanism of the activity enhancement of β-cyclodextrin functionalized Fe₃O₄-Bi₂WO₆, compared to that of the non-functionalized samples, could be realized with the assistance of chemical trapping experiments on sunset yellow, and was confirmed on the colorless antibiotic (sulfamethoxazole). The high performance and durability of this composite can be attributed to the facet-dependent activity, large adsorption capacity due to inclusion interactions, enhanced visible light absorption, and efficient charge separation.     

Carbon oxidation with platinum supported catalysts

The effect of the support oxide, Pt precursor and reactant gas composition on the catalysis of soot oxidation was investigated using carbon black as a model soot and simulated exhaust gases. The Pt precursors used were Pt(NH₃)₄(OH)₂, H₂PtCl₆·6H₂O, Pt(NH₃)₄(NO₃)₂, and Pt(NH₃)₄Cl₂. The support metal oxides used were SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and ZrO₂. Pt/SiO₂ prepared from Pt(NH₃)₄(OH)₂ showed the highest carbon oxidation activity. It had much higher activity in the condition of N₂+O₂+H₂O+NO+SO₂ than without NO and SO₂.