A HEVC Video Steganalysis Algorithm Based on PU Partition Modes

Steganalysis is a technique used for detecting the existence of secret information embedded into cover media such as images and videos. Currently, with the higher speed of the Internet, videos have become a kind of main methods for transferring information. The latest video coding standard High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) shows better coding performance compared with the H.264/AVC standard published in the previous time. Therefore, since the HEVC was published, HEVC videos have been widely used as carriers of hidden information.
In this paper, a steganalysis algorithm is proposed to detect the latest HEVC video steganography method which is based on the modification of Prediction Units (PU) partition modes. To detect the embedded data, All the PU partition modes are extracted from P pictures, and the probability of each PU partition mode in cover videos and stego videos is adopted as the classification feature. Furthermore, feature optimization is applied, that the 25-dimensional steganalysis feature has been reduced to the 3-dimensional feature. Then the Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to identify stego videos. It is demonstrated in experimental results that the proposed steganalysis algorithm can effectively detect the stego videos, and much higher classification accuracy has been achieved compared with state-of-the-art work.     

Utilization of HEVC ChaCha20-Based Selective Encryption for Secure Telehealth Video Conferencing

Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a contagious disease that causes exceptional effect on healthcare organizations worldwide with dangerous impact on medical services within the hospitals. Because of the fast spread of COVID-19, the healthcare facilities could be a big source of disease infection. So, healthcare video consultations should be used to decrease face-to-face communication between clinician and patients. Healthcare video consultations may be beneficial for some COVID-19 conditions and reduce the need for face-to-face contact with a potentially positive patient without symptoms. These conditions are like top clinicians who provide remote consultations to develop treatment methodology and follow-up remotely, patients who consult about COVID-19, and those who have mild symptoms suggestive of the COVID-19 virus. Video consultations are a supplement to, and not a substitute for, telephone consultations. It may also form part of a broader COVID-19 distance care strategy that contains computerized screening, separation of possibly infectious patients within medical services, and computerized video-intensive observing of their intensive care that helps reduce mixing. Nowadays, the spread of the COVID-19 virus helps to expand the use of video healthcare consultations because it helps to exchange experiences and remote medical consultations, save costs and health procedures used to cope with the pandemic of the COVID-19 virus, and monitor the progress of treatment plans, moment by moment from a distance with precision, clarity and ease. From this perspective, this paper introduces a high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) ChaCha20-based selective encryption (SE) scheme for secure healthcare video Consultations. The proposed HEVC ChaCha20-based SE scheme uses the ChaCha20 for encrypting the sign bits of the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Motion Vector Difference (MVD) in the HEVC entropy phase. The main achievement of HEVC ChaCha20-based SE scheme is encrypting the most sensitive video bits with keeping low delay time, fixed bit rate of the HEVC, and format compliance. Experimental tests guarantee that the proposed HEVC ChaCha20-based SE scheme can ensure the confidentiality of the healthcare video consultations which has become easy to transmit through the internet.     

Optimal weighed Holoentropy for video compression: an advanced HEVC

ABSTRACT

In recent times, the applications of multimedia are rising in a greedy mode and hence the amount of video transactions is also increasing exponentially. This has shouted great demands on effective models on video encoding and also for reducing the transmission channel congestion. This research work introduces a managing technique termed weighted encoding for High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). HEVC, also termed as MPEG-H Part 2 and H.265 is a video compression standard that is widely utilized AVC (H.264 or MPEG-4 Part 10). When compared to AVC, HEVC grants double the ratio of data compression at a similar level of quality of the video or considerably enhanced video quality at a similar bit rate. This work intends to optimize the weight that adopted in HEVC for encoding. For this, this paper proposes a new Iterative based propagation update in the water wave Optimization Algorithm (IPU-WWO), which is the improved form of Water wave Optimization (WWO). The performance of proposed IPU-WWO is compared over other conventional methods like Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Firefly (FF), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) with respect to Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). By doing the encoding process, it minimizes the video size with perceptually better quality video or PSNR.     

Objective analysis and bit rate analysis of HEVC compressed 4D-fMRI images

Medical imaging and clinical diagnostics are complementary to one another since their analysis is typical and contains critical information. The growing volume of data has become one of the biggest challenges, as the acquisition of medical modalities is currently having high resolution from the improved and efficient machines (3 to 7 T or more). Moreover, image and video compression is a need with the consideration that there should not be any gap for losing the important information. Less bitrate requirement with high compression ratio without sacrificing important detail is a challenge these days. The current study, is dealing with the compression of 4D-functional medical resonance images (fMRI) with a codec, that is, high-efficient video coding (HEVC/H.265) and its objective analysis along with its predecessor that is advanced video coding (AVC/H.264) and with VP8 (WebM Project of Google) reported here. Further, the bit rate analysis that has been conducted, also accounts in conjunction with the bitrate investigation, which is an imperative perspective vital for the telemedicine field. The simulation results reported here represents the compression ratio (CR = 118.23:1) with HEVC/H.265 codec over the compression ratio (CR = 20.52:1) provided by AVC/H.264 and VP8 (CR = 78.29:1). There has been significant improvement observed in alignment of the peak signal-to-noise ratio (APSNR), structural similarity (SSIM), and mean squared error (MSE) metrics. Overall, the performance of the anticipated technique is satisfactory for the forthcoming telemedicine or clinical use.     

An FPGA-friendly CABAC-encoding architecture with dataflow modelling programming

Video compression standards play an important role in video encoding, transmitting and decoding. To exploit the similarities or commonality among standards, a Reconfigurable Video Coding framework is developed in MPEG by employing a dataflow modelling method to modulate the basic configuration components of encoders or decoders. However, the entropy coding for bitstream generating and parsing during the configuration process is very complex, especially when employing the Context Adaptive Based Arithmetic Coding (CABAC). This paper proposes an optimized ‘Producer–Consumer’ architecture for CABAC by dataflow modelling. To achieve high-throughput and low-resource consumption, the buffer accessing speed and buffer size in the architecture is analysed and refined. The proposed CABAC is implemented by dataflow language Cal and is synthesized to FPGA. Results show that it can process 3.5 bins/cycle with a 10-byte buffer consumption at a 120?MHz working frequency. It is sufficient for real-time encoding of H.265/HEVC at level 6.2 main tier.     

Measuring perceived video quality of MPEG enhancement by people with impaired vision

We used a new method to measure the perceived quality of contrast-enhanced motion video. Patients with impaired vision (n=24) and normally sighted subjects (n=6) adjusted the level of MPEG-based enhancement of 8 videos (4 min each) drawn from 4 categories. They selected the level of enhancement that provided the preferred view of the videos, using a decreasing-step-size staircase procedure. Most patients made consistent selections of the preferred level of enhancement, indicating an appreciation of and a perceived benefit from the MPEG-based enhancement. The selections varied between patients and were correlated with letter contrast sensitivity, but the selections were not affected by training, experience, or video category. We measured just noticeable differences directly for videos and mapped the image manipulation (enhancement in our case) onto an approximately linear perceptual space. These tools and approaches will be of value in other evaluations of the image quality of motion video manipulations.     

Bandwidth-Efficient Transmission Method for User View-Oriented Video Services

The trend in video viewing has been evolving beyond simply providing a multiview option. Recently, a function that allows selection and viewing of a clip from a multiview service that captures a specific range or object has been added. In particular, the freeview service is an extended concept of multi-view and provides a freer viewpoint. However, since numerous videos and additional data are required for its construction, all of the clips constituting the content cannot be simultaneously provided. Only certain clips are selected and provided to the user. If the video is not the preferred video, change request is made, and a delay occurs during retransmission from the server. Delays due to frequent rerequests degrade the overall quality of service. For free-view services, selectively transmitting the video according to the user’s desired viewpoint and region of interest within the limited network of available videos is important. In this study, we propose a method of screening and providing the correct video based on objects in the contents. Based on the method of recognizing the object in each clip, we designed a method of setting its priority based on information about the object’s location for each viewpoint. During the transmission and receiving process using this information, the selected video can be rapidly recognized and changed. Herein, we present a service system configuration method and propose video selection examples for free-view services.     

一种基于动态时间规划的视频特征检索改进算法

针对基于"视频指纹"特征的视频检索算法在实际应用中存在视频亮度整体漂移、突变干扰以及视频再编辑的问题,提出了一种基于动态时间规划的视频特征检索改进算法.该算法在原"视频指纹"算法的基础上采用了新的视频检索策略:首先,对视频帧进行区域分割,将"视频指纹"由单分量扩展到多分量;然后,采用基于粒度的相似性比较算法,用比对每帧视频指纹的变化,取代比较视频指纹本身;最后,采用改进的动态时间规划算法进行视频特征匹配,定位目标视频.在算法评估中,建立了由74段广告视频和154段再编辑视频组成的测试集.通过试验证明,改进算法可以有效应对视频检索过程中的亮度整体漂移、突变干扰和视频再编辑问题,检索算法具有很好的鲁棒性.     

基于C-A-C理论的健康科普视频对用户持续使用意愿的影响研究

目的 为了提高用户对健康科普视频的持续使用意愿,使设计人员准确掌握健康科普视频的用户需求,优化健康科普视频设计与开发。方法 基于C-A-C理论,构建健康科普视频、情绪唤醒和用户持续使用意愿的理论模型,应用结构方程模型论证健康科普视频中博主形象气质、专业性、信息质量、互动质量因素与用户情绪唤醒和持续使用意愿的路径关系。结果 健康科普视频中博主形象气质、专业性、信息质量、互动质量对用户情绪唤醒和持续使用意愿具有正向影响作用。结论 健康科普视频博主形象气质、专业性、信息质量、互动质量作为影响用户情绪和持续使用意愿的关键因素,能够帮助设计人员从用户视角提高用户情绪唤醒和持续使用意愿,为健康科普视频的设计和创新提供理论和实践参考。     

Efficient depth map compression for view rendering in 3D video

Abstract

A depth map represents three-dimensional (3D) scene information, which is used to synthesise virtual views in 3D video coding. Since the quality of synthesised virtual view highly depends on the quality of depth map, efficient depth coding is crucial for the 3D video system. However, depth map is not directly used for display but to generate virtual views. Compressing depth map using existing video coding techniques yields unacceptable distortions in rendered virtual view. Thus, the depth map needs to be compressed in a way that can minimise distortions in the rendered views. To solve this problem, we propose an efficient depth map compression method for view rendering based on view rendering distortion other than depth map distortion itself. Firstly, we derive relationship between distortion in coded depth map and the rendered view. Then, a region-based video characteristic distortion model is proposed to precisely estimate distortion in view synthesis. Finally, a multilateral filtering is applied as an in-loop filter to reduce rendering artefacts. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves 2 dB coding gain in terms of PSNR and subjective quality improvement of synthesised views.     

Kullback-Leibler similarity measures for effective content based video retrieval

Abstract

Recent advancements in the multimedia technologies allow the capture and storage of video data with relatively inexpensive computers. As the necessity to query these data competently becomes significant, the amount of broadly accessible video data grows. As a result, content-based retrieval of video data turns out to be a demanding and vital problem. In this paper, an effective content-based video retrieval system is proposed. The raw video data are segmented into shots and the object feature, movement feature and the occlusion feature are extracted from these shots and the feature library is utilised for the storage process of these features. Subsequently, the Kullback–Leibler distance is computed among the features of the feature library and the features of the query clip which is extracted in the similar manner. Hence, with the aid of the Kullback–Leibler distance, the similar videos are extracted from the collection of videos based on the given query video clip in an effective manner.     

Bit Rate Reduction in Cloud Gaming Using Object Detection Technique

The past two decades witnessed a broad-increase in web technology and on-line gaming. Enhancing the broadband confinements is viewed as one of the most significant variables that prompted new gaming technology. The immense utilization of web applications and games additionally prompted growth in the handled devices and moving the limited gaming experience from user devices to online cloud servers. As internet capabilities are enhanced new ways of gaming are being used to improve the gaming experience. In cloud-based video gaming, game engines are hosted in cloud gaming data centers, and compressed gaming scenes are rendered to the players over the internet with updated controls. In such systems, the task of transferring games and video compression imposes huge computational complexity is required on cloud servers. The basic problems in cloud gaming in particular are high encoding time, latency, and low frame rates which require a new methodology for a better solution. To improve the bandwidth issue in cloud games, the compression of video sequences requires an alternative mechanism to improve gaming adaption without input delay. In this paper, the proposed improved methodology is used for automatic unnecessary scene detection, scene removing and bit rate reduction using an adaptive algorithm for object detection in a game scene. As a result, simulations showed without much impact on the players’ quality experience, the selective object encoding method and object adaption technique decrease the network latency issue, reduce the game streaming bitrate at a remarkable scale on different games. The proposed algorithm was evaluated for three video game scenes. In this paper, achieved 14.6% decrease in encoding and 45.6% decrease in bit rate for the first video game scene.     

Video Transmission for Third Generation Wireless Communication Systems

This paper presents a twin-class unequal protected video transmission system over wireless channels. Video partitioning based on a separation of the Variable Length Coded (VLC) Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients within each block is considered for constant bitrate transmission (CBR). In the splitting process the fraction of bits assigned to each of the two partitions is adjusted according to the requirements of the unequal error protection scheme employed. Subsequently, partitioning is applied to the ITU-T H.263 coding standard. As a transport vehicle, we have considered one of the leading third generation cellular radio standards known as WCDMA. A dual-priority transmission system is then invoked on the WCDMA system where the video data, after being broken into two streams, is unequally protected. We use a very simple error correction coding scheme for illustration and then propose more sophisticated forms of unequal protection of the digitized video signals. We show that this strategy results in a significantly higher quality of the reconstructed video data when it is transmitted over time-varying multipath fading channels.     

6D vector orthogonal transformation and its application in multiview video coding

Abstract

Multiview video (MVV) is multiple video sequences that integrated different viewpoints data of the same three-dimensional (3D) scene. Each viewpoint data are taken from the ordinary video camera. Thus, the data are very large for the MVV. So compression is necessary in order to store and transmit effectively. Based on the theory of multi-dimensional vector matrix (MDVM), we propose a six-dimensional (6D) vector orthogonal transform nuclear matrix, and prove its orthogonality and energy concentration. We apply the theory to multiview video coding (MVC). This transformation is based on discrete cosine transform (DCT), which has the optimal performance for video data. We represent MVV data with a multi-dimensional (MD) mathematical model. The chosen MVV is earlier eight frames in YUV format from two viewpoints. We divide the Y, U and V components into cubes respectively, and combine the two views data into one cube, on which the transformation is conducted. Good results are obtained in terms of energy concentration. This paper provides a new method for handling MVV, and prepare for the next quantisation and coding.     

Adaptive real-time motion segmentation technique based on statistical background model

Motion segmentation is a crucial step for video analysis and has many applications. This paper proposes a method for motion segmentation, which is based on construction of statistical background model. Variance and Covariance of pixels are computed to construct the model for scene background. We perform average frame differencing with this model to extract the objects of interest from the video frames. Morphological operations are used to smooth the object segmentation results. The proposed technique is adaptive to the dynamically changing background because of change in the lighting conditions and in scene background. The method has the capability to relearn the background to adapt these variations. The immediate advantage of the proposed method is its high processing speed of 30 frames per second on large sized (high resolution) videos. We compared the proposed method with other five popular methods of object segmentation in order to prove the effectiveness of the proposed technique. Experimental results demonstrate the novelty of the proposed method in terms of various performance parameters. The method can segment the video stream in real-time, when background changes, lighting conditions vary, and even in the presence of clutter and occlusion     

视频监控技术与智能交通系统应用--数字成像技术进展(九)

视频监控技术发展迅速，特别是在智能交通系统(ITS，Incelligent Tramportadon Syscem)领域中已广为应用。本文介绍了视频监控系统的工作原理、类型，对数字视频监控系统进行了阐述，最后介绍了视频监控技术发展中所面临的问题。     

Video compression for the grand alliance: A historical perspective

This article outlines the evolution of the Grand Alliance (GA) highdefinition television (HDTV) standard from its divided beginnings among several systems to its final state as the proposed standard for HDTV transmission in the United Stales today. Earlier video compression standards are briefly described, and their influence on the first four all-digital HDTV proposals is demonstrated. The salient features of each proposed video compression system are high-lighted, and the more recent MPEG-2 compression standard is introduced. MPEG-2 was adopted as the basis for video compression by the GA, a group of the former HDTV competitiors. The formation of the GA is described, and the work of its Video Compression Specialists Group on evaluating modifications to MPEG-2 is reviewed.©1994 John Wiley & Sons Inc     

爆破工程现场监理视频监控系统的应用

确保爆破工程安全是爆破工程的永恒主题,当前爆破安全监理工作被广泛推广,一定程度上保证了爆破工程安全,但仍存在爆破监理工作现场记录的难题。基于此,利用现有视频监控技术及通用设备优化集成了一套基于互联网连接的便携式远程视频监控系统,并详细介绍了其在工程实例中的应用。该系统小巧灵活,安装、操作简便,可随时改变视频采集位置,解决了爆破现场环境复杂多变,安全监理工作难以全面到位的问题。视频资料可刻盘存档,供公安机关备案。可为爆破工程现场安全监理工作提供参考。     

ROI-based DICOM image compression for telemedicine

Many classes of images contain spatial regions which are more important than other regions. Compression methods capable of delivering higher reconstruction quality for important parts are attractive in this situation. For medical images, only a small portion of the image might be diagnostically useful, but the cost of a wrong interpretation is high. Hence, Region Based Coding (RBC) technique is significant for medical image compression and transmission. Lossless compression schemes with secure transmission play a key role in telemedicine applications that help in accurate diagnosis and research. In this paper, we propose lossless scalable RBC for Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images based on Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) and with distortion limiting compression technique for other regions in image. The main objective of this work is to reject the noisy background and reconstruct the image portions losslessly. The compressed image can be accessed and sent over telemedicine network using personal digital assistance (PDA) like mobile.