复合材料层压板剩余刚度剩余强度关联模型

基于剩余强度和剩余刚度取决于同一损伤状态的假设,给出了基于剩余刚度的损伤定义和基于剩余强度的损伤定义之间的关系,建立了剩余刚度剩余强度关联模型。用3种不同铺层形式的层压板试验数据对本文中提出的剩余刚度模型及剩余强度模型进行了验证,结果表明:本文中提出的剩余刚度和剩余强度模型能很好地描述复合材料层压板疲劳过程中的剩余刚度和剩余强度退化规律;通过关联模型,可以在已知剩余刚度退化规律的前提下,用少量剩余强度试验确定剩余强度退化规律;与剩余刚度关联的剩余强度模型中的参数可以被认为是材料常数。      

考虑纤维体积含量的单向层合板材料退化模型

基于损伤因子与刚度和强度退化的关系,考虑纤维体积含量vf和应力水平对单向层合板材料性能的影响,推导建立了单向层合板疲劳累积损伤过程剩余刚度和剩余强度退化模型。通过对三种vf单向层合板的疲劳试验,对本文建立的剩余刚度和剩余强度退化模型进行了验证。结果表明:本文提出的模型能较好地描述不同vf层合板疲劳过程中的面内剪切剩余刚度和剩余强度的退化规律,为层合板疲劳损伤分析提供了有力依据。     

碳/碳复合材料疲劳损伤失效试验研究

对单向碳/碳复合材料纵向拉-拉疲劳特性及面内剪切拉-拉疲劳特性进行了试验研究; 对三维四向编织碳/碳复合材料的纵向拉-拉疲劳特性及纤维束-基体界面剩余强度进行了试验研究。使用最小二乘法拟合得到了单向碳/碳复合材料纵向及面内剪切拉-拉疲劳加载下的剩余刚度退化模型及剩余强度退化模型, 建立了纤维束-基体界面剩余强度模型。结果显示: 单向碳/碳复合材料在87.5%应力水平的疲劳载荷下刚度退化最大只有8.8%左右, 在70.0%应力水平的疲劳载荷下, 面内剪切刚度退化最大可达30%左右; 三维四向编织碳/碳复合材料疲劳加载后强度及刚度均得到了提高; 随着疲劳循环加载数的增加, 三维四向编织碳/碳复合材料中纤维束-基体界面强度逐渐减弱。      

层板复合材料疲劳性能的实验研究

对层板复合材料在拉伸 -拉伸疲劳载荷作用下的初始静刚度、初始静强度、剩余刚度、剩余强度、疲劳寿命进行了实验研究 ,取得了大量的有意义的实验数据 ,分析了层板复合材料的初始静刚度、初始静强度和疲劳寿命的概率分布 ,讨论了层板复合材料在不同应力水平下剩余刚度随疲劳循环周次的衰减变化及损伤破坏的形式 ,得到了一些有意义的结论     

层板复合材料疲劳性能的实验研究

对层板复合材料在拉伸－拉伸疲劳载荷作用下的初始静刚度、初始静强度、剩余刚度、剩余强度、疲劳寿命进行了实验研究,取得了大量的有意义的实验数据,分析了层板复合材料的初始静刚度、初始静强度和疲劳寿命的概率分布,讨论了层板复合材料在不同应力水平下剩余刚度随疲劳循环周次的衰减变化及损伤破坏的形式,得到了一些有意义的结论。     

FRP复合材料剩余刚度退化复合模型

为建立剩余刚度与材料损伤量及剩余寿命的关系, 将纤维增强树脂复合材料(FRP)层合板在拉-拉疲劳载荷作用下的失效模式划分为纤维间破坏、纤维随机断裂与分层3种类型, 分析不同失效模式与剩余刚度退化量的定量关系, 提出一个集成各失效模式影响的剩余刚度退化复合模型。该模型适用于占寿命绝大多数比例的Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段, 避免了Ⅲ阶段刚度降不确定性的影响。剩余刚度退化曲线按时间尺度归一化, 消除了试件个体分散性影响, 分散性显著降低。对4种E-glass/Epoxy玻璃纤维复合材料层压板与3种AS-4/聚醚醚酮(PEEK)碳纤维复合材料层压板的疲劳试验结果进行了统计分析, 表明本文模型适于精确描述复合材料的剩余刚度下降规律。      

一种基于复合材料剩余强度的衍生疲劳损伤模型

为了研究纤维增强树脂复合材料在疲劳载荷作用下的损伤发展规律,提出了一种基于复合材料剩余强度的归一化衍生疲劳损伤模型。在该模型中,假定累积损伤与应力水平呈线性关系,可以由拉-拉疲劳试验的应力水平的损伤曲线衍生出未试验的应力水平的损伤曲线。对直径为8 mm的碳纤维增强树脂复合材料(CFRP)索材进行了不同应力幅的疲劳试验,并同时采用了文献中玻璃纤维增强树脂复合材料(GFRP)层合板的试验数据验证模型的可靠性,试验结果表明:损伤模型能较好地反映出三阶段的发展规律,衍生的损伤曲线与试验数据拟合出来的损伤曲线偏离度较小。此外,本文还研究了应力水平对复合材料损伤演化的影响,结果表明随着应力水平的增大,损伤曲线相邻阶段的边界变得不明显。      

疲劳加载下纤维复合材料的剩余强度

回顾了纤维复合材料在疲劳加载下的剩余强度的描述方法和试验结果, 并按照纤维复合 材料中疲劳损伤发展的行为, 提出了一个描述纤维复合材料的剩余强度的模型, 该模型考虑了疲 劳损伤在纤维复合材料中产生和扩展的特征, 试验结果与理论描述吻合较好。      

单向碳/碳复合材料拉-拉疲劳寿命及剩余强度预测模型

基于预测单向复合材料纵向拉伸强度的随机核模型,引入纤维单丝剩余强度二参数Weibull模型及纤维单丝与基体界面剩余强度模型,研究建立了单向复合材料纵向拉-拉疲劳寿命及剩余强度的预测模型。对经过一定次数拉-拉疲劳载荷循环后的纤维束抽取其纤维单丝进行剩余强度拉伸试验,建立了纤维单丝剩余强度的二参数Weibull模型,测试单向碳/碳（C/C）复合材料的纤维与基体界面强度。通过单向C/C复合材料算例分析表明,92.5%、90.6%和87.5%应力水平下对数预测寿命与对数试验寿命比值分别为0.79、1.00和1.11,表明所建立的寿命预测模型用于预测单向C/C复合材料疲劳寿命是可行的;纵向拉伸剩余强度预测值与试验值误差在10%以内,吻合较好,表明所提出的剩余强度预测模型具有较高的精度。     

复合材料层合板低速冲击后压-压疲劳试验研究及寿命预报

进行了复合材料层合板低速冲击和冲击后压-压疲劳试验。在疲劳试验过程中详细测量了损伤扩展情况,获得了损伤扩展规律。将冲击损伤等效为一圆形开孔,应用含椭圆形夹杂的杂交应力单元分析含圆孔有限大板的应力分布,采用特征曲线和点应力判据相结合的方式并通过引入损伤扩展规律建立了含低速冲击损伤复合材料层板压-压疲劳寿命预测模型。通过与试验数据的对比,证明了该模型的有效性。同时,该模型还可预报在疲劳载荷下含冲击损伤层板的剩余压缩强度。     

Damage detection of CFRP laminates using electrical resistance measurement and neural network

As carbon fibers are electrical conductors, the measurement of the electrical resistance appears to be a valuable technique for the in situ detection of various types of damage in carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) laminates. In such cases, carbon fibers are both the reinforcement and the sensor to detect damage in CFRP laminates. The damage-detecting method of CFRP laminates by electrical resistance measurement that are investigated in this study is made possible by attaching electrodes on the surface of the CFRP structures without special manufacturing.

In this paper, we investigate the electrical resistance change as a damage parameter of fatigue damage such as the degradation of residual strength and stiffness. The measured stiffness and electrical resistance change during fatigue tests showed a very similar trend of change. This is because cumulative fatigue damage is represented by the degradation of residual stiffness; these damages also cause change in electrical resistance. Thus, we can use this change in electrical resistance as a damage parameter. We also predict the future damage of composite laminates in fatigue loading from electrical resistance damage model by following a stiffness degradation model. Electrical resistance gradually increased as the stiffness reduced, and showed a very abrupt change when final fatigue failure was imminent. The predicted value showed good agreement with the experimental data except in the final stage, where stiffness and electrical resistance changed abruptly.     

复合材料层板在疲劳下的剩余刚度衰退理论

本文根据实验规律,将复合材料层板的性能参数视成随机变量,提出了一个剩余刚度的衰退理论。建立了剩余刚度分布函数公式,给出了剩余刚度和剩余强度以及寿命的关系,并用试验进行了验证。     

Fatigue life prediction of woven composite laminates with initial delamination

An engineering approach for fatigue life prediction of fibre‐reinforced polymer composite materials is highly desirable for industries due to the complexity in damage mechanisms and their interactions. This paper presents a fatigue‐driven residual strength model considering the effect of initial delamination size and stress ratio. Static and constant amplitude fatigue tests of woven composite specimens with delamination diameters of 0, 4 and 6 mm were carried out to determine the model parameters. Good agreement with experimental results has been achieved when the modified residual strength model has been applied for fatigue life prediction of the woven composite laminate with an initial delamination diameter of 8 mm under constant amplitude load and block fatigue load. It has been demonstrated that the residual strength degradation‐based model can effectively reflect the load sequence effect on fatigue damage and hence provide more accurate fatigue life prediction than the traditional linear damage accumulation models.     

不同界面SiC纤维束复合材料的拉伸力学行为

利用国产三代SiC纤维通过化学气相渗透工艺(CVI)制备不同界面厚度和基体体积分数的SiC纤维束复合材料,并对其拉伸力学行为进行研究;同时,通过有限元方法研究界面厚度和基体体积分数对SiC纤维束复合材料热残余应力的影响。有限元分析结果表明:该纤维束复合材料的界面存在较为明显的径向和环向热残余应力,而且这两种应力均随着界面厚度增加而减小,随着基体体积分数的增加而增加。拉伸实验结果表明:随着界面厚度增加SiC纤维束复合材料的拉伸强度有增大趋势,且纤维拔出长度也相应增加;但在界面厚度相同的情况下,过高的基体体积分数将导致复合材料拉伸强度和韧性下降。     

Modelling of fatigue damage progression and life of CFRP laminates

A progressive fatigue damage model has been developed for predicting damage accumulation and life of carbon fibre‐reinforced plastics (CFRP) laminates with arbitrary geometry and stacking sequence subjected to constant amplitude cyclic loading. The model comprises the components of stress analysis, fatigue failure analysis and fatigue material property degradation. Stress analysis of the composite laminate was performed by creating a three‐dimensional finite element model in the ANSYS FE code. Fatigue failure analysis was performed by using a set of Hashin‐type failure criteria and the Ye‐delamination criterion. Two types of material property degradations on the basis of element stiffness and strength were applied: a sudden degradation because of sudden failure detected by the fatigue failure criteria and a gradual degradation because of the nature of cyclic loading, which is driven by the increased number of cycles. The gradual degradation of the composite material was modelled by using functions relating the residual stiffness and residual strength of the laminate to the number of cycles. All model components have been programmed in the ANSYS FE code in order to create a user‐friendly macro‐routine. The model has been applied in two different quasi‐isotropic CFRP laminates subjected to tension–compression (T–C) fatigue and the predictions of fatigue life and damage accumulation as a function of the number of cycles were compared with experimental data available in the literature. A very good agreement was obtained.     

SiCf/TC17复合材料界面剪切强度测试与有限元分析

界面强度对钛基复合材料的性能有重要影响。采用纤维顶出实验(push-outtest)对连续SiC纤维增强TC17复合材料的界面剪切强度进行了测试,采用SEM观察了样品的形貌。以纤维/基体完全分离后的摩擦力为出发点,采用有限元方法确定了复合材料成型过程中残余应力的产生温度,并计算了残余应力的分布,比较了顶出实验样品制备前后残余应力的变化情况及样品厚度、体积分数对残余应力分布的影响;采用内聚力模型(CZM)分析了界面的化学结合强度。结果表明:SiCf/TC17复合材料高温成型后的冷却过程中开始产生残余应力的温度为775℃;顶出实验样品制备后界面处生成了残余剪切应力,其大小和分布与样品的体积分数和厚度相关,界面处的残余剪切应力造成了界面剪切强度的测试结果与界面化学结合强度的差异;室温下SiCf/TC17复合材料的界面化学结合强度约为450MPa。     

Quantitative characterization of accelerated aging in cement composites using flexural inverse analysis

A constitutive model consisting of a tri-linear tensile stress-strain with residual strength was applied in characterization and prediction of long term flexural behavior of several cement-based composite materials. Flexural test results were back-calculated to obtain material parameters and establish their relationship with aging. The material behavior is described by tensile stress-strain parameters consisting of elastic modulus, first cracking strain, post cracking stiffness, ultimate strain, and a residual strength parameter. The relationships between the material parameters and age were established by studying the time dependent flexural performance of various composites with glass and natural fibers as reported by Litherland et al. (1981), Marikunte et al. (1997), Bartos et al. (1996), and natural fibers reported by Toledo-Filho et al. (2000). An analytical model for prediction of rate and extent of damage as a function of time and temperature is proposed for degradation of flexural behavior of strain softening and hardening fiber reinforced concrete subjected to aging. This model is applicable to long-term durability of different classes of materials subject to accelerated aging under different environmental conditions.