挤压模具型腔的等磨损优化设计

针对目前国内挤压模具寿命过低的情况,将有限元分析、神经网络和遗传算法结合起来应用到挤压模具型腔优化设计中。采用B样条函数插值描述凹模型腔轮廓形状,用有限元数值模拟获得型腔表面节点的应力场、速度场和温度场,基于修正Archard磨损模型计算型腔磨损深度,以此作为样本训练BP神经网络,建立模具型腔控制点与磨损深度之间的映射关系,再结合遗传算法以等磨损为目标,优化模具型腔轮廓形状。优化结果与序列二次规划法一致,可以降低模具磨损,提高模具寿命,结果与实际情况吻合,表明了这种设计方法是可行的。     

混合多目标遗传算法及其在热挤压模具型腔形状优化设计中的应用

将复合形法引入遗传算法来反映决策者对多目标问题中各目标函数的偏好信息，提出一种新的结合复合形法的混合多目标遗传算法。针对热挤压模具型腔轮廓形状优化问题，结合刚-粘塑性有限元模拟和神经网络技术，利用三次样条函数插值来表达凹模型腔轮廓形状，以表面载荷沿凹模型腔轮廓表面均匀分布和挤压力最小为目标，建立了多目标优化的数学模型，对挤压模具型腔轮廓形状进行多目标优化设计，得到了最优的凹模形状。对几种不同模具凹模型腔采用MARC／AutoForge有限元软件进行数值模拟对比研究，结果表明，结合复合形法的多目标遗传优化算法是一种较好的模具型腔形状多目标优化设计方法，其优化结果是有效的和显著的。研究结果说明，通过优化型腔形状来提高模具寿命的效果十分显著。     

基于神经网络与遗传算法的关节轴承挤压模具优化

针对实际生产中关节轴承内外圈间隙分布不均问题,以GEW12关节轴承为例,应用ABAQUS软件对关节轴承挤压装配过程进行了数值模拟。采用BP神经网络建立了挤压模具形状与内外圈最大间隙与最小间隙之差的映射关系。以关节轴承内外圈间隙均匀分布为目标,结合遗传算法,提出了一种集数值仿真、人工神经网络和遗传算法为一体的关节轴承挤压模具型腔优化设计方法。实验结果表明,模具型腔经过优化后,轴承内外圈间隙均匀性得到了很大的改善,轴承金属流动速度更加均匀。     

基于修正Archard磨损理论的挤压模具磨损分析

基于修正的Archard磨损理论,应用有限元数值模拟软件计算模具挤压成形阶段每个节点的瞬时温度、压力和速度场,以此计算锥形和弧形两种挤压模具型腔的磨损。计算结果表明:挤压模具磨损集中在入口,弧形凹模磨损较锥形凹模磨损大,但弧形凹模磨损均匀,模具寿命较高。磨损计算结果与实际情况较吻合,为预测模具寿命和优化模具型腔奠定了基础。     

外星轮热挤压模具结构及工艺参数联合多目标优化

针对外星轮热挤压过程模具负载大、填充性能波动的问题, 对关键的模具结构参数（入口斜度,根部圆角,模口圆角）及核心工艺参数（挤压速度,摩擦因数,坯料初始温度,模具预热温度,模具硬度）开展联合优化,以期获得负载和填充性能的平衡。首先应用部分析因试验设计,针对最大成形载荷和填充能力进行主参数效应筛选,对得到的关键因子进行拉丁超立方抽样并对样本点进行有限元模拟。以关键因子为变量、有限元模拟结果为响应,分别建立最大成形载荷和填充能力的径向基函数近似模型。基于上述近似模型,采用线性加权和法将所得近似模型转化为单目标函数,利用粒子群算法进行全局寻优,得到优化的关键结构和工艺参数组合,并通过仿真和生产试验验证了优化结果的正确性。     

基于热力耦合的模具型腔温升影响因素分析

研究摩擦因数、挤压速度和挤压锥角对模具型腔表面温升的影响,可以指导模具设计,同时为建立挤压成形过程中接触表面的温升模型奠定基础。考虑挤压成形过程中坯料的塑性变形和坯料与模具之间的剧烈摩擦与挤压模具型腔表面温升之间相互影响的工作特点,基于弹塑性力学、传热学和有限变形理论,建立挤压成形热力耦合弹塑性有限元分析模型。采用MARC软件对该模型进行热力耦合分析,研究摩擦因数、挤压速度和挤压锥角与模具型腔表面温升的关系。分析结果表明：锥角一定时,摩擦因数从0到0.1逐渐增大时,模具型腔温升随挤压速度的增加是先减小后不变再增加;挤压速度恒定时,温升随摩擦因数和锥角的增加而升高;固定摩擦因数时,挤压速度和锥角增大时,温升也增加。     

基于ANSYS的三维建模方法与热挤压模具的优化设计

挤压模具经常发生桥断、桥裂。文中利用有限元软件ANSYS为工作平台，利用其二次开发语言ANSYS parame design language(APDL)为工具，对铝型材热挤压模具实现了三维实体建模，并在此基础上进行有限元分析和优化设计，得到此模具的三维应力分布图，发现该种模具的模桥应力集中相当严重，应力分布极其不均。并获得挤压模具最优结构尺寸参数，使应力集中明显减小，寿命显著延长。     

[成形过程仿真优化与集成计算材料工程]限定加热管布局的快速热循环注塑成形模具电加热系统优化

针对管道布局、最大允许能耗给定条件下快速热循环注塑成形（RHCM）注塑模具型腔表面快速均匀加热的问题,提出以单根加热棒热流密度为设计变量,以模具型腔表面升温效率和温度分布均匀性为目标,结合有限元模拟、响应面设计以及多目标粒子群优化技术来优化RHCM模具电加热系统。与优化前相比,加热系统优化后,模具型腔表面最大温差降低63.4%,加热系统总能耗降低9%。对比了不同注塑成形工艺条件下成形的平板塑件表面质量,结果表明,相对传统注塑成形（CIM）工艺,RHCM工艺将制品表面粗糙度Ra从320 nm降低到118 nm,并有效抑制了制品表面熔接痕、缩痕等缺陷;发现制品表面粗糙度与型腔表面对应点温度成负相关,说明优化后的型腔表面温度分布更有利于提升制品表面质量。     

从动螺旋锥齿轮双锥辊辗压成形模具应力分析

针对双锥辊辗压机辗压螺旋锥齿轮成形过程中,下模型腔易因应力集中而严重影响使用寿命的问题,利用非线性有限元分析软件DEFORM-3D,对从动螺旋锥齿轮双锥辊辗压成形过程进行数值模拟。采用点追踪的方法对型腔齿根应力进行分析,计算并分析了下模型腔齿根各段不均衡应力的分布规律,预测出型腔齿根中段容易发生塑性变形和破裂。最后,根据仿真和计算结果,研制出一套模具,并用其辗压出符合标准的齿轮,进一步验证了分析结果的准确性和可靠性。     

有限元的神经网络计算方法研究

根据有限元总刚矩阵经修正后具有正定性的特点以及弹性体位能函数的具体形式，提出一种新的神经网络有限元计算模型，即模型中神经网络的能量函数与有限元的优化目标函数相等，从而避免由于神经网络自身结构的原因而带来的计算误差。同时，避免采用基于模拟退火算法等随机神经网络优化计算方法时求解结果的随机性和设定初始退火温度To、内循环次数判据、最终停止判据等人为因素的影响。理论分析和计算机仿真表明，文中提出的方法可靠、有效。     

型材挤压过程工艺参数优化模型

提出了一种集数值仿真、人工神经网络和遗传算法为一体的工艺参数优化模型,用于型材挤压成形过程工艺参数优化,合理配置了非对称角铝型材模模孔位置。通过现场试验,验证了提出的工艺参数优化模型是行之有效和正确的。并在模孔位置优化配置结果基础上对其挤压成形过程进行数值仿真,分析了挤压成形过程中各阶段网格畸变情况,给出了挤压变形时应力和应变分布,对指导型材挤压工艺和模具优化设计具有重要意义。     

Multiobjective optimization design of porthole extrusion die using Pareto-based genetic algorithm

The extrusion die plays a crucial role in aluminum alloy profile production, which influences product quality and service life of extrusion die directly. In this paper, a profile with irregular shape was taken as an analysis example, and multiobjective optimization for porthole extrusion die based on modern intelligence algorithm was carried out. Aiming at achieving the uniform velocity distribution in the cross-section of the profile as well as decreasing the maximum stress on the extrusion die and the deflection of the mandrel, the angle between port bridges, the position of die orifice, and the height of welding chamber were considered as the design variables. Then Kriging model was established on the basis of Latin hypercube samplings, and above design variables were optimized using Pareto-based genetic algorithm. Finally, an optimal die structure is gained. Compared with the initial scheme, the velocity distribution in the extrudate was more even, and the stress on the die and the deflection of the mandrel were decreased obviously in the optimal scheme. The optimal design method for porthole die has strong commonality, thus, it could give useful guidelines for practical production of the same kind of aluminum profile.     

Optimal Shape Design of an Extrusion Die Using Polynomial Networks and Genetic Algorithms

Designing the optimal shape for an extrusion die to produce a high-quality extrusion product is often required by industry. Design from experience is unsatisfactory for achieving the flexibility and precision requirements in die design. In this paper, a design method has been developed for the optimum shape design of extrusion die. The extrusion process was modelled and analysed by using the finite-element method to obtain the extrusion force and effective strain for different die shapes. A polynomial network was applied to identify the force and strain models in terms of the geometric parameters of the extrusion die. An improved genetic algorithm was used to optimise the identified model for optimal shape with minimum force and strain. It has been verified that the modelling error is extremely small. The designer can quickly and accurately access the optimal shape of an extrusion die through this new approach. RID=" ID=" <E5>Correspondence and offprint requests to</E5>: Dr Y.-C. Hsu, Department of Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering, National Huwei Institute of Technology, 64 Wun-Hua Road, Huwei, Yunlin, Taiwan. E-mail: jasonych&commat;sunws.nhit.edt.tw     

Die optimization design and experimental study of a large wallboard aluminum alloy profile used for high-speed train

The extrusion die plays a crucial role in the quality control of aluminum alloy profile production. But in practice, the design of extrusion die is mainly dependent on the experience and intuition of die designers; thus, many times of modifications and experiments should be undergone until an acceptable product is gained. In this paper, the extrusion process of a large wallboard aluminum alloy profile used for high-speed train was simulated by means of HyperXtrude software, and the flow behavior of material and deformation mechanism in the die cavity were investigated. With the simulation results of the initial die design scheme, a nonuniform velocity distribution in cross-section of the extrudate was observed. For optimizing the die design scheme, two optimal schemes (adoption of double-step welding chamber and introduction of baffle plate) were proposed. Through optimization, the velocity differences in the extrudate for optimal schemes are decreased from 39.9 to 12.2 and 10.8 mm/s, respectively. Thus, the uniformity of velocity distribution was improved in optimal schemes. The extrusion die design methods for large wallboard profiles were summarized and proposed, including the design methods of baffle plate and double-step welding chamber. Through trial production, a sound wallboard aluminum profile with good geometric shape and high dimensional accuracy was gained. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the extrudate were examined by means of experimental method. It is found that the test results stratified the practical engineering requirements.     

基于热力耦合的热挤压模具结构参数优化设计

利用基于有限变形理论的热力耦合基本方程，对方管铝型材平面分流组合模进行了三维热力耦合计算。分析发现应力集中明显，且其部位与模桥裂纹位置相吻合。为改善模具体内应力分布，对该模具的主要结构参数进行了优化设计。经过21次迭代计算，获得最优结构尺寸，使最大应力下降32．2％，从而延长了模具的使用寿命。     

Numerical and experimental study on the three-dimensional extrusion of square section from square billet through a polynomial shaped curved die

The geometry of die profile plays a major role in reducing the extrusion pressure and ensuring the smooth flow of material. In general, the extrusion process is mostly affected by billet geometry, die geometry, and interface frictional force at the die billet geometry. In the present investigation, an analysis using three-dimensional upper bound method using fifth-order die profile function has been carried out for extrusion of square sections from square billet. The extrusion pressure and optimum die length have been computed by multivariable optimization technique. The present die shape profile is found to be superior to many other profiles. The results obtained will help in design of optimum die profile and investigation of its performance.     

Die design optimization for axisymmetric hot extrusion of metal matrix composites

Strain rate sensitive materials such as Ti alloys, superplastic materials and metal matrix composites (MMCs) can be deformed only in very narrow range of strain rate. In this work, a new process design method for controlling strain rate in workpiece during hot extrusion process is proposed. In this approach, a coupled numerical approach of finite element analysis and optimization technique to optimal profiled die which yields more uniform strain rate distribution in the deforming region is applied to the hot extrusion process of MMCs. Extrusion die profiles are defined by Bezier curves, and FPS (flexible polyhedron search) method is used as optimization technique. The change of relative deviation of strain rate, the progressive development of die profiles with increase of iteration for optimization and the corresponding strain rate distributions are investigated. In addition, the die profiles by optimization scheme for different extrusion ratios are compared with those by analytical solution.