1，3－取代方酸衍生物的光谱研究及二聚体、簇集体的形成

本文合成了１，３－取代方酸衍生物：１，３－双［４－二甲胺苯基］－２，４二羟基环丁二烯氢氧双内盐（ＤＭＣＳ），１，３－双［４－双十六烷胺苯基］－２，４二羟基环丁二烯氢氧双内盐（ＤＨＣＳ）。研究了ＤＭＣＳ和ＤＨＣＳ在不同溶剂中的光物理行为，估算了ＤＭＣＳ、ＤＨＣＳ的基态与激发态之间偶极矩差值。在ＣＴＡＢ胶束中，除ＤＭＣＳ单体分子外，ＤＭＣＳ形成了二聚体。在二氧六环－水体系中，研究了ＤＨＣＳ的簇集行为，并测定了ＤＨＣＳ的临界簇集组成（Ｃ＿ψ）及临界簇集浓度（Ｃ＿Ａ）     

C_（12）醇与P_2O_5反应产物的（31）~P─NMR分析

本文采用（３１）￣Ｐ─ＮＭＲ技术跟踪分析了在Ｈ＿２Ｏ存在下Ｃ＿（１２）醇与Ｏ＿５反应产物的组成，得到了满意的结果。用标样试验结果表明分析偏差不超过±１．４％。     

二次氮化法制备γ′－Fe_4N超细粉末

以ＦｅＣｌ＿２·ｎＨ＿２Ｏ和ＮＨ＿３为原料，采用一步气相合成法制备了Ｆｅ／Ｎ超细粉末，并研究了二次氮化法制备氮化铁超细粉末的工艺技术。通过比较实验，证实二次氮化法能够制备单相的γ′－Ｆｅ＿４Ｎ粉末。利用ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ、ＸＰＳ和ＶＳＭ等实验手段对Ｆｅ／Ｎ和γ′－Ｆｅ＿４Ｎ粉末的晶态、物相、形貌、成分、粒度和磁性进行了初步表征。实验结果表明，二次氮化法制得的γ′－Ｆｅ＿４Ｎ为高纯、超细、单相的粉末，并且粉末的饱和磁化率σ＿３和矫顽力Ｈｃ值均优于田中隆夫等人的同类研究结果。     

净化废水用PVA水凝胶的开发：II.用含微生物的PVA凝胶处理废水中的N,N—二甲

用含二甲基甲酰胺（ＤＭＦ）的废水充分培养活性污泥，并将其截留和固定在球形ＰＶＡ水凝胶粒子上。测试了合成ＰＶＡ凝胶中细菌的数目和分布特征。分离出含杆（状）菌仙影掌属Ｄ－１的ＤＭＦ－分解细菌。提示出细菌各自的形态和生理反应。对经冷冻－融化制备的含ＤＭＦ－分离细菌的球形ＰＶＡ凝胶进行了ＤＭＦ－废水处理试验。经基础研究和小型试验结果表明稳定运行和连续操作的处理能力为１ｋｇ／ｍ＾３／天。     

立构嵌段聚丁二烯的研制 Ⅴ．立构三嵌段聚丁二烯的合成及动力学行为

以α－甲基萘锂（α－ＭＮＬｉ）为引发剂、二哌啶乙烷（ＤＰＥ）为调节剂、环己烷为溶剂的丁二烯负离子聚合体系，研究了ＤＰＥ／α－ＭＮｌｉ、聚合温度与聚合物１，２－结构含量关系，合成出１，２一结构近１００％的１，２－聚丁二烯（１，２－ＰＢ）和１，２－１，４－１，２－ＰＢ。反应动力学研究表明：１，４－ＰＢ与１，２－ＰＢ中单体浓度与反应速率呈一级方程关系；４０℃时，生成１，４－ＰＢ的反应动力学方程式为－ｄ［Ｍ］／ｄｔ＝０．２８［Ｃ］￣０．５［Ｍ］；ＤＰＥ用量增大，表观增长反应过度常数Ｋ＿ｐ￣η减小；求得不同条件下的表观增长活化能。     

IR/CR共混物网络结构评价

根据Ｍｏｏｎｅｙ－Ｒｉｖｌｉｎ和Ｆｌｏｒｙ－Ｒｅｈｎｅｒ方程考察了辐射交联和化学交联ＩＲ／ＣＲ共混物的网络结构特征。结果表明．化学交联生成了比较密实、均匀的网络结构，而辐射交联生成比较松散的网络结构。研究了常数２Ｃ＿１，２Ｃ＿２及溶胀体系中橡胶的体积分数γ＿ｋ与共混物组成的不同依赖性，评价了物理交联对网络总模量的贡献。     

对苯二甲酸双羟丁酯合成过程中副产物四氢呋喃生成动力学的研究

对在工业生产条件下，以０．０５％（质量比）Ｔｉ（Ｏ－ｎ－Ｃ＿４Ｈ＿９Ｏ）＿４为催化剂，将对来二甲酸与１，４－丁二醇直接酯化，ＢＤ／ＴＰＡ＝１．７０（ｍｏｌ比），生成四氢呋喃（ＴＨＦ）的副反应动力学进行了研究，得出了ＴＨＦ生成的动力学方程ｄＦ／ｄｔ＝Ｋ（Ｍ＿Ｒ－Ｘ－Ｆ），反应速率常数ｋ＝１．７８×１０￣（１２）ｅｘｐ（－３２９００／ＲＴ）和ＴＨＦ生成的活化能Ｅ．＝１３７．５ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，略高于酯化反应的活化能，表明以控制反应温度的方法抑制ＴＨＦ的生成是困难的。     

FPE和PVC的相互作用及其对PVC/CPE/FPE合金性能和形态结构的影响

用ＦＴＩＲ光谱证实了ＰＶＣ与ＰＥ８ＤＢＭ（简称ＦＰＥ）之间存在着氢键和偶极偶极的作用,其中以氢键作用为主。测定了ＰＶＣ／ＣＰＥ／ＰＥ和ＰＶＣ／ＣＰＥ／ＦＰＥ合金的力学性能,用ＤＳＣ、相衬显微镜及ＳＥＭ表征了这两个体系的微观形态结构,研究了共混物中异种分子间的相互作用对合金性能与形态结构的影响     

粉煤灰填充PVC树脂的研究

采用ＷＡＸＤ、ＳＥＭ和力学测试等方法对不同粒度和不同含量的粉煤灰（ＰＦＡ）与聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）共混物的结构形态、力学性能进行了测定。结果表明，ＰＦＡ粒度对ＰＶＣ／ＰＦＡ共混物的性能具有明显影响，当ＰＦＡ粒度尺寸达到一定程度时，再降低ＰＦＡ粒度尺寸对共混物的性能影响不大。随着ＰＶＣ／ＰＦＡ共混物中ＰＦＡ含量的增加，拉伸强度和拉伸模量增大，但伸长率降低。     

五种复配农药的气相色谱分析

采用气相色谱法，在１０％ＱＦ＿１＋２％ＤＥＧＳ／ＣｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｒｂＷＡＷ＿ＤＭＣＳ的同一色谱柱上，以内标法定量，分别测定五种复配农药：速灭威＋噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂；异丙威＋噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂；甲胺磷＋异稻瘟净乳油；甲胺磷＋敌百虫乳油；灭多威＋甲基对硫磷乳油。该法简便、准确，线性相关性好。     

炭/炭复合材料试样加工对其力学性能测试结果的影响

针对同批炭/炭复合材料力学性能测试结果相差较大的情况,从取样、试样加工过程和工艺试验研究入手,通过分析其力学性能测试结果,对加工参数、加工方法对炭/炭复合材料力学性能测试的影响程度进行了研究,结合对所加工试样的表观质量分析,系统地探讨各种参数的影响,给出适合炭/炭复合材料试样加工的最优切削参数,并给出试样界面尺寸的公差控制范围,有效地降低了炭/炭复合材料试样力学性能测试的偏差。     

Surface Activity of Monomeric and Polymeric (3-alkyloxy aniline) Surfactants

ABSTRACT

The adsorption and micellization processes of 3-alkyloxy aniline namely [3-decyloxy aniline (C10M), 3-dodecyloxy aniline (C12M) and 3-cetyloxy aniline (C16M)] and their polymers [C10P, C12P and C16P] have been investigated using surface tension (γ) measurements at different temperatures. The synthesized monomers and polymers have been characterized by IR and elemental analysis. The surface and thermodynamic parameters of these monomeric and polymeric surfactants are investigated. The results show that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the polymeric surfactants is lower than that of monomers. The CMC values decreases as the hydrophobic chain lengthens for both monomeric and polymeric surfactants. The surface parameters show the ability of monomeric and polymeric surfactants to adsorb at the air/water interface and decrease the surface tension. The thermodynamic parameters reveal that the micellization process is spontaneous for all investigated surfactants. The specific conductance measurements show that the specific conductance increases with increasing chain length of the substituted alkyl groups, the synthesized polymeric surfactants have higher values of specific conductance than the corresponding monomers and the specific conductance increases with rising solution temperature.     

Identification of peat and leonardite using humification parameters and Isoelectric focusing (IEF): A first approach

Several samples of peat and leonardite (organic fossil material of vegetable origin) and of humic extracts from peat and leonardite were characterized using some humification parameters and isoelectric focusing (IEF). The HA/TOC and the humification rate (HR) show values lower than 60% for peat and higher than 70% for leonardite samples. These two parameters are useful to distinguish peat from leonardite, but unable to identify the organic materials in the humic extracts. Peat an leonardite samples and their humic extracts were characterized using IEF and evaluating the quantitative distribution of the bands of the profile. The group of bands in the range from pH 4.8 to 5.5 (region C) is characteristics in all samples. In particular, the relative area is less than 55% for peat and humic extracts from peat and higher than 60% for leonardite and humic extracts from leonadite.     

基于1H NMR测定和基团贡献法预测石油馏分的热化学性质

测定了两种原油 2 0个石油馏分的¹H NMR谱和氢、碳元素含量等结构参数 ,以及馏分的燃烧焓、蒸发焓等热化学性质 .假设每个石油馏分仅由CH₃ 、CH₂ 、CH、ACH和C这 5种简单基团构成 ,基于¹H NMR测定和元素分析结果解出石油馏分平均分子结构中的基团数目 ,再用纯有机物的基团贡献法预测石油馏分的燃烧焓、蒸发焓 ,预测值与实验数据吻合良好     

Synthesis,Curing Behavior and Characterization of Epoxyacrylate and Triethylamine Cured Epoxy Resin of 1,1′-Bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxy phenyl) cyclohexane

Epoxy resin of 1,1′-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxy phenyl) cyclohexane (EMC) and its acrylate (EMCA) have been synthesized and characterized. EMC has been cured by 5–25% triethyl amine at 100°C. The cured samples are characterized by solubility, IR, DSC and TGA at 10°C/min heating rate in nitrogen atmosphere. The associated kinetic parameters for EMCA, EMCT-5 and EMCT-20 have been determined according to Freeman-Anderson method and discussed. It is observed that EMCA and EMCT-20 have almost same thermal stability (300–308°C) but for EMCT-5 it is slightly lower (285°C). Cured samples followed fractional order degradation (0.63–1.44). In case of EMCT-5, all determined kinetic parameters are marginally lower than those of EMCA and EMCT-20.     

UNIFAC模型预测含α-蒎烯体系的汽液平衡数据

α-蒎烯具有一个特殊的双环双键结构。为更准确地预测含α-蒎烯体系的汽液平衡数据,利用UNIFAC模型原理对α-蒎烯进行基团重新划分,可得到一个大基团双环[3.1.1]-2-庚烯基与3个CH₃。通过对含α-蒎烯二元汽液平衡数据进行拟合,得到新基团双环[3.1.1]-2-庚烯基与CH₃、C=C、ACH、ACCH₃基团间的相互作用参数,扩大了UNIFAC模型的应用范围。与原始UNIFAC模型仅利用CH₃、C=C、ACH、ACCH₃基团预测出的含α-蒎烯三元体系汽液平衡数据进行比较,新基团模型预测的气相组成平均偏差以及温度平均偏差比原始基团模型的偏差要更小,说明新基团的划分更为合理。     

Design parameters of boric acid production process from colemanite ore in the presence of propionic acid

In this study, three different boric acid production process alternatives which can be performed in the presence of propionic acid and/or calcium propionate were evaluated. The process in which calcium propionate is the recycling component was selected as the best alternative and modeled. Some of the design parameters were determined for the selected process. These parameters are solubility change of boric acid in the presence of calcium propionate at 25 °C, 35 °C and 75 °C, precipitation risk of calcium borate components in concentrated boric acid solutions containing calcium propionate, and the effect of calcium propionate on the solution pH with respect to free sulfuric acid concentration. According to the determined parameters, principal reactions occurred in the process, and other process parameters obtained by industrial practice, mass balances were conducted and all flow rates were calculated. In the process, calcium propionate concentration in production liquor must be kept lower than 3% and the reaction must be carried out without any free sulfuric acid in order to perform the process according to the model.     

CALCULATION OF THE EXCESS ENTHALPY BY THE UNIFAC (3Q) VERSION

The matrix of group interaction parameters for the UNIFAC (3Q) version for calculating molar excess enthalpy (H^E) has been presented. UNIFAC (3Q) is a version of the original UNIFAC model with trebled values of group surface area parameters. Group interaction parameters have been calculated on the basis of 395 sets (5818 points) of experimental H^E. The mean percentage deviation between calculated and experimental H^E values has been found to be equal to 7.8 percent. Prediction results of H^E for different binary systems have been presented and discussed.     

Influence of Temperature and Air Velocity on Drying Time and Quality Parameters of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)

Drying is one of the important steps in pistachio processing. In this step kernel moisture content is decreased from 50 to less than 5% (d.b.) which will result in suitable condition for storage. Study of effective parameters in pistachio drying is important since these parameters influence drying time and kernel quality. In this research, a mono layer of pistachios was dried at three different temperatures (60, 75, and 90°C), and three levels of drying air velocity (1.5, 2, and 2.5 m/s). Changes of drying time, protein, fat and peroxide value were investigated for two common Iranian pistachio varieties Kalehghouchi and Fandoghi. Sensory tests were also used to check flavor of pistachios dried at the three temperature levels (60, 75, and 90°C). Statistical analysis of the data indicated that increasing the temperature to 90°C reduced drying time down by about 37% and caused a change in pistachio flavour. Taste tests indicated a consumer preference for pistachios dried at 75°C. If the air velocity is increased from 1.5 to 2.5 m/s, drying time reduces about 10 percent. Changes in temperature and air velocity have no significant effects on protein and fat content of pistachios, but if temperature reaches 90°C, peroxide value will increase to 0.55 meq/kg, which is still within the permissible limit for processed pistachios.     

Influence of Temperature and Air Velocity on Drying Time and Quality Parameters of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)

Abstract

Drying is one of the important steps in pistachio processing. In this step kernel moisture content is decreased from 50 to less than 5% (d.b.) which will result in suitable condition for storage. Study of effective parameters in pistachio drying is important since these parameters influence drying time and kernel quality. In this research, a mono layer of pistachios was dried at three different temperatures (60, 75, and 90°C), and three levels of drying air velocity (1.5, 2, and 2.5 m/s). Changes of drying time, protein, fat and peroxide value were investigated for two common Iranian pistachio varieties Kalehghouchi and Fandoghi. Sensory tests were also used to check flavor of pistachios dried at the three temperature levels (60, 75, and 90°C). Statistical analysis of the data indicated that increasing the temperature to 90°C reduced drying time down by about 37% and caused a change in pistachio flavour. Taste tests indicated a consumer preference for pistachios dried at 75°C. If the air velocity is increased from 1.5 to 2.5 m/s, drying time reduces about 10 percent. Changes in temperature and air velocity have no significant effects on protein and fat content of pistachios, but if temperature reaches 90°C, peroxide value will increase to 0.55 meq/kg, which is still within the permissible limit for processed pistachios.