甘草渣在造纸法烟草薄片纸基中的应用研究

以甘草渣为原料利用造纸法制造烟草薄片纸基.通过对甘草渣进行理化分析,确定了预处理条件为:液比为1:4、萃取温度为90±5℃、时间60min,磨浆间隙为0.1mm、段数为1,按造纸二步法抄造薄片纸基;对不同定量(60～130 g/m2)的甘草渣薄片纸基进行物理性能对比,最终确定90 g/m2为最佳定量;甘草渣薄片纸基的感...     

不同甘草渣薄片理化性质的对比分析

本文以A、B、C三个同一产地不同品种的甘草渣为原料,首先采用国标法对其水分、灰分、pH、总糖、总氮、总黄酮、甘草酸、甘草苷等理化指标进行检测分析与对比,然后采用造纸法抄造出甘草渣薄片,以甘草渣薄片的感官评吸结果和物理性能为指标,并结合热重分析,筛选出甘草渣薄片的最佳原料品种,结果表明:三种甘草渣中的总糖、总氮、总黄酮、甘草酸、甘草苷含量存在明显差异,其中总糖和总黄酮含量差别最为明显,总糖含量B最高为28.97%,A最低为20.47%,而总黄酮含量A最高为16.98%,C最低为7.28%;由B品种抄造的甘草渣薄片其感官吸味及各项物理指标均较好,且具有燃烧稳定,舒适度佳,烟气质和香气好等优点,相对于A品种和C品种更适合造纸法甘草渣薄片的研究应用。     

甘草纤维与烟末配抄在烟草薄片纸基中的应用研究

以甘草渣和烟末为原料,以感官评价和薄片的物理性能为指标,研究造纸法甘草薄片的最佳生产工艺条件及甘草渣与烟末配抄的最佳配比。研究结果表明：（1）甘草渣的最佳浸渍条件为：温度70 ℃、时间30 min、液比1:12,此时所抄造的甘草薄片纸基的色泽、烟气浓度、杂气、香气、刺激性和回甜等感官评吸指标得分最高,感官评吸结果最好。（2）甘草渣与烟末的最佳配比为甘草渣60%,烟末40%,此时甘草渣与烟末配抄的甘草烟末薄片纸基的感官评吸结果最好,同时厚度、松厚度、紧度和抗张强度等物理性能指标综合表现也最好。另外,实验还以甘草渣为原料,探索了原料浸渍前黄酮的提取对抄成的薄片纸基感官评吸效果的影响,结果表明,黄酮的提取不利于卷烟吸味和质感的提升,使感官评吸结果变差。     

壳聚糖与瓜尔胶在甘草渣薄片纸基中的应用研究

选用阳离子瓜尔胶和三种不同分子量的壳聚糖作为甘草渣薄片助剂,研究了加入不同量的不同助剂对甘草渣浆料的动态滤水、单程留着率、Zeta电位和打浆度的影响。结果表明:壳聚糖对甘草渣浆料的助留助滤效果强于阳离子瓜尔胶,高脱乙酰度的壳聚糖优化效果更好;当2#普通壳聚糖的加入量为0.4%时,浆料系统的助留助滤的综合效果最佳。加入不同量的4种助剂后抄造甘草渣基片,分析基片物理性能的变化,结果表明:加入助剂会提高基片的松厚度并降低抗张强度。当2#壳聚糖的加入量为0.4%时,薄片综合性能较好,松厚度达到4.74cm3/g,其燃烧速率适宜,对薄片性能的负面影响较小。     

甘草渣黄酮回流提取的工艺优化及预处理方法研究

通过单因素实验考察了乙醇浓度、温度、时间、固液比对甘草渣中黄酮提取的影响,在此基础上采用正交实验设计L9(34)优化黄酮提取工艺,获得了乙醇回流提取甘草渣中黄酮的最佳条件为:乙醇浓度80%、温度80℃、时间105min、固液比1∶20(g/m L),最佳条件下黄酮得率为37.387mg/g。进一步采用酶法和微生物法分别对甘草渣进行预处理,结果表明,酶法预处理能显著提高黄酮得率,纤维素酶与木聚糖酶协同作用效果最佳;黄孢原毛平革菌处理12d的黄酮得率最高,达45.38mg/g。微生物预处理不但显著提高黄酮得率,而且显著(p0.05)降低了乙醇浓度和提取温度,缩短了提取时间。此研究对于甘草渣的综合开发和利用具有重要的参考价值。     

复配天然抗氧化剂在川味香肠中的应用

使用国家标准中允许添加的3种天然抗氧化剂：茶多酚（TP）、植酸和甘草抗氧化物（LRA）。将其按照不同比例添加入川味香肠中,通过单因素试验和正交试验及感官评定优化3种天然抗氧化剂在川味香肠中复配比例。复配天然抗氧化剂最佳组合为：茶多酚0．35g／kg、植酸0．15g／kg和甘草抗氧化物0．1g／kg,此条件下制备的川味香肠的感官评定得分最高。     

真空冷冻干燥制备即食小米粥工艺优化

探索最佳即食小米粥开发工艺及真空冷冻干燥工艺。筛选出适合开发即食小米粥的小米品种,采用模糊数学感官评价法和响应面法优化即食小米粥工艺,正交法优化真空冷冻干燥工艺。结果表明：东方亮小米适合开发即食食品;即食小米粥开发最佳工艺条件为浸泡时间40 min,料液比(g/mL)1:20,熬煮时间30 min,此时得到复水率为14.74,模糊感官评分为90.5;真空冷冻干燥最佳加工条件为物料填充高度3 cm,升华温度40℃,解析温度65℃,此时干燥速率为3.92%。     

喀斯特环境火龙果真空冷冻干燥工艺研究

研究火龙果真空冷冻干燥工艺条件,探索火龙果真空冷冻干燥的工艺参数,提高火龙果附加值。分别对3个影响真空冷冻干燥的因素设计正交试验,研究不同切片厚度、升华温度、解析温度对火龙果感官品质及内在品质的影响。结果表明:感官评分优化的最佳工艺参数为:厚度8 mm、升华温度25℃、解析温度50℃;VC含量评分优化的最佳工艺参数为:厚度10 mm、升华温度25℃、解析温度40℃;蛋白质含量优化的最佳工艺参数为:厚度8 mm、升华温度15℃、解析温度45℃。总膳食纤维含量优化的最佳工艺参数为:厚度10 mm、升华温度15℃、解析温度45℃;糖酸比优化的最佳工艺参数为:厚度10 mm、升华温度20℃、解析温度50℃。综合分析得出火龙果最佳干燥工艺条件为:厚度10 mm、升华温度25℃、解析温度50℃,所得火龙果感官得分95、VC含量74 mg/100 g、蛋白质含量9 g/100 g、总膳食纤维含量22.5 g/100 g、糖酸比64.37。     

4种中草药提取液的工艺优化及其抗菌效果对比

目的研究金银花、甘草、胖大海、薄荷4种中草药提取的最佳工艺,并为制备清咽润喉凉果做基础。方法以单因素实验考察提取温度、料液比、提取时间对4种中草药提取液的影响,以抑菌圈直径来评价抗菌能力。在单因素基础上,设计正交优化试验,得到4种中草药的最佳提取工艺。结果金银花的最佳提取条件为温度80℃、料液比1:30(g:mL)、时间3h;甘草的最佳提取条件为温度70℃,料液比为1:30(g:mL),时间为5h;胖大海的最佳提取条件为:温度60℃,料液比1:20(g:mL),时间3h;薄荷的最佳提取条件为:温度70℃,料液比1:30(g:mL),时间3h。结论本研究得出4种中草药的最佳提取工艺,而且得出的中草药提取液具有一定抑菌性可用于制作清咽润喉凉果。     

云芝发酵处理对甘草渣中总黄酮提取的影响

以甘草加工后的残渣为原料,采用固态发酵方式研究云芝发酵作用对甘草渣中总黄酮分离提取的影响,并以甘草总黄酮得率为指标优化工艺条件。结果表明：与乙醇直接提取法相比,云芝发酵处理能有效提高甘草总黄酮的得率;发酵过程受多种因素影响,其中发酵温度、发酵料含水率、发酵时间对总黄酮得率影响较大;最终确定云芝发酵法提取甘草渣中总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为：添加0.2g/L 酒石酸铵作为氮源,将甘草渣发酵料含水率调至55%,接种云芝菌于28℃发酵3d,在该工艺条件下,总黄酮得率达到1.18%,比乙醇直接提取法的总黄酮得率(0.62%)提高了90.32%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press