REED: Flexible rule based programming of wireless sensor networks at runtime

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as an enabling technology for a variety of distributed applications. WSN middleware eases the development of these applications by providing a uniform programming environment. In this paper we present a rule based approach called REED (Rule Execution and Event Distribution) and describe how it supports flexible programming of WSNs at runtime. Indeed REED is required by the nature of its project setting to allow runtime programming. We demonstrate that by combining this runtime programmability with rules in an event, condition, action format we can support a range of paradigms, including Publish-subscribe and data aggregation algorithms. Current WSN middleware solutions have limited on-line programmability support so the applications cannot re-configure their WSNs while operational. Yet the runtime nature of the prototype requires both the distribution of rules and the events that trigger them so we also describe the rule management approach used to support the rule distribution; in particular a novel rule merging and filtering algorithm is described. The paper reports on the results gained from a REED prototype system constructed in our laboratory using Gumstix.     

QISM：一种基于中间件和服务的无线传感器网络主动QoS体系

提出了一种基于中间件、面向服务的无线传感器网络主动QoS体系QISM,对其设计思想、体系结构、关键模块和工作过程进行了论述.基于应用和网络反馈协商的动态调节机制,基于中间件和服务发布与订阅的体系结构,以及基于Topic和功能域的表达方式,是QISM的重要特点.QISM通过对应用和网络的动态调节,使网络最大限度的支持应用,应用最大程度的适应网络,从而更好地保证了应用的完成,延长了网络生命期.针对典型场景的仿真结果表明,QISM机制具有良好的QoS控制能力和灵活性,支持复杂应用,且同网络结构形式无关.     

无线传感器网络中间件研究进展

无线传感器网络作为一种新兴的技术,受到了学术界和工业界的广泛关注.然而随着传感器网络及其应用的发展,系统的复杂性也随之增加,与传统网络相比无限传感器网络又具有其独特的特征,使得无线传感器网络的程序开发变得更加困难.中间件提供了一个编程抽象,方便了应用程序的开发,缩减了应用程序和底层设备的间隙.针对无线传感器网络的特点,分析了无线传感器网络中间件设计面临的问题,对有关设计方法进行了分类评述,并对几种典型中间件进行了比较,最后从通信范式、QoS支持和安全等方面提出了一些改进思路.     

面向无线传感器网络节点定位的移动锚节点路径规划

节点定位是无线传感器网络技术研究的一个基本问题,大多数无线传感器网络的应用和中间件技术都需要节点的位置信息.目前比较实用的定位方法是利用一些移动锚节点(如安装有GPS)根据有效的规划路径移动,通过发送包含其自身坐标的信息来定位其他节点,该方法不过多地增加无线传感器网络成本,还可以获得较高的定位精度.在该方法中,移动锚节点的路径规划问题是需要解决的基本问题.主要研究移动锚节点的路径规划问题,把图论引入到无线传感器网络节点定位系统.把无线传感器网络看成一个连通的节点无向图,路径规划问题转化为图的生成树及遍历问题,提出了宽度优先和回溯式贪婪算法.仿真实验和真实系统实验结果表明,该方法能够很好地适应无线传感器网络节点随机分布的节点定位,可以取得较高的定位精度.     

Mobile data collection in sensor networks: The TinyLime middleware

In this paper we describe TinyLime, a novel middleware for wireless sensor networks that departs from the traditional setting where sensor data is collected by a central monitoring station, and enables instead multiple mobile monitoring stations to access the sensors in their proximity and share the collected data through wireless links. This intrinsically context-aware setting is demanded by applications where the sensors are sparse and possibly isolated, and where on-site, location-dependent data collection is required. An extension of the Lime middleware for mobile ad hoc networks, TinyLime makes sensor data available through a tuple space interface, providing the illusion of shared memory between applications and sensors. Data aggregation capabilities and a power-savvy architecture complete the middleware features. The paper presents the model and application programming interface of TinyLime, together with its implementation for the Crossbow MICA2 sensor platform.     

无线传感器网络中间件技术研究综述

无线传感器网络在受到广泛应用与关注的同时,由于网络复杂度及网络应用的增加,普遍存在缺乏统一开放接口的问题。针对无线传感器网络结构及特点,介绍无线传感器网络中间件技术概念,在全面分析中间件面临的问题与挑战的基础上,比较几种不同设计方法,并且通过典型实例在几个重要性能参数方面进行了对比。最后在中间件QoS机制模型方面提出了一种改进方法。     

Mires: a publish/subscribe middleware for sensor networks

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a large number of small devices with computational power, wireless communication and sensing capability. These networks have been developed for a wide range of applications, such as habitat monitoring, object tracking, precision agriculture, building monitoring and military systems. Meanwhile, middleware systems have also been proposed in to facilitate both the development of these applications and provide common application services. The development of middleware for sensor networks, however, places new challenges on middleware developers due to the low availability of resources and processing capacity of the sensor nodes. In this context, this paper presents the design and implementation of a middleware for WSN named Mires. Mires incorporates characteristics of message-oriented middleware by allowing applications communicate in a publish/subscribe way. In order to illustrate the proposed middleware, we have also developed an environment-monitoring application and a data aggregation service.

Distributed Shared Arrays: An Integration of Message Passing and Multithreading on SMP Clusters

This paper presents a Distributed Shared Array runtime system to support Java-compliant multithreaded programming on clusters of symmetric multiprocessors (SMPs). As a hybrid of message passing and shared address space programming models, the DSA programming model allows programmers to explicitly control data distribution so as to take advantage of the deep memory hierarchy, while relieving them from error-prone orchestration of communication and synchronization at run-time. The DSA system is developed as an integral component of mobility support middleware for grid computing so that DSA-based virtual machines can be reconfigured to adapt to the varying resource supplies or demand over the course of a computation. The DSA runtime system also features a directory-based cache coherence protocol in support of replication of user-defined sharing granularity and a communication proxy mechanism for reducing network contention. We demonstrate the programmability of the model in a number of parallel applications and evaluate its performance on a cluster of SMP servers, in particular, the impact of the coherence granularity.     

基于TinyOS的无线传感器网络节点机的柔性设计

无线传感器网络因其巨大的应用前景受到学术界和工业界越来越广泛的重视,节点机的定制特性妨碍了其大规模应用。本文介绍了无线传感器网络节点机操作系统TinyOS及其编程语言nesC;研究了TinyOS的柔性性质;提出了支持操作系统柔性的节点机柔性硬件平台模型,能够实现静态柔性和动态柔性。     

Design and evaluation of lightweight middleware for personal wireless body area network

This paper presents a lightweight middleware to be used for wireless medical body area networks. The middleware is designed to reside in mobile devices, and acts as a gateway to receive sensor data as well as to control a set of sensor devices attached to the wearer. The main essence of the middleware is to simplify and accelerate the development of wireless healthcare applications by providing highly reusable codes. The architecture of the middleware including its main functions such as data acquisition, dynamic plug-and-play capabilities, on-the-fly sensor reconfiguration, and resource management (i.e., sensor sleep/wake-up, critical self-wake) will be discussed. A security feature as a means to protect critical sensor data from malicious/unauthorized parties has also been incorporated in our proposed middleware. The prototype system of the middleware has been built and is presented in this paper together with its performance measurements.     

一种面向无线传感网应用重编程的逻辑式编程语言

无线传感网的发展,使其需要具有高效地更新其上运行的应用软件的能力.为了解决这个问题,提出了一种面向无线传感网应用重编程的逻辑式编程语言及其处理系统ReLog.ReLog语言根据无线传感网应用的普遍特点,基于传统逻辑式语言进行扩展,并提供合适的编程抽象,方便程序员高效地构建、修改程序.同时,语言的处理系统使用中间代码将应用程序与系统软件解耦,从而减少应用更新时所需传输的更新代码的规模,提高更新效率.通过一个数据收集应用案例评估了ReLog语言及其执行机制,结果表明：使用ReLog语言能够获得简洁、易修改的程序;同时,语言的执行机制能够显著降低传输应用更新代码的能量和时间开销.     

Toward Open-World Software: Issue and Challenges

Traditional software development is based on the closed-world assumption that the boundary between system and environment is known and unchanging. However, this assumption no longer works within today's unpredictable open-world settings, especially in ubiquitous and pervasive computing settings, which demand techniques that let software react to changes by self-organizing its structure and self-adapting its behavior. The more we move toward dynamic and heterogeneous systems, and the more we stress their self-healing and self-adapting capabilities, the more we need new approaches to develop these applications and new ways to structure and program them. Programming open systems requires new programming language features. Two features that bear investigation are introspection mechanisms to get runtime information about newly encountered services and reflective mechanisms to adapt client applications dynamically. Some existing standards, industrial products, and research prototypes that support, to a certain extent, the open-world assumptions are service-oriented technologies, publish/subscribe middleware systems, grid infrastructures, autonomic frameworks     

无线传感器网络主动QoS机制研究

无线传感器网络是目前国际上的一个研究热点,但是对其Q oS问题和中间件的研究却才刚刚开始。在分析无线传感器网络基本问题的基础上,提出了一种基于中间件的,面向应用、状态和角色的无线传感器网络主动QoS方案,并对其设计思想、结构形式、工作过程、信息交互和状态评价等关键问题进行了研究。同传统QoS机制相比,主动QoS方案设计了一个应用和网络之间的反馈协商机制,并通过对应用和网络的动态调节,使网络满足应用对QoS的最低要求,或者在降低应用对QoS要求的情况下,使网络最大限度地支持应用,从而更好地保证了应用的完成并延长了网络生命期。     

Enabling low bit-rate and reliable video surveillance over practical wireless sensor network

With the rapid development of hardware and embedded systems, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are being developed for surveillance applications. While meriting more in-depth research and development, deploying a practical WSN for surveillance is challenging due to the limited power and bandwidth of the battery-operated sensor nodes. In this paper, we first propose an energy-efficient image transportation strategy through motion detection. In case of data delivery over long distance, this paper further investigates the use of cooperative communications to design a reliable image transmission scheme over WSN, and demonstrates its effectiveness in improving network reliability in wireless multimedia sensor networks.     

基于无线传感器网络的大气污染监测系统的设计

随着经济的快速发展,人们生活水平提高的同时,大气污染也越来越严重。为此设计了基于无线传感器网络的大气污染监测系统,主要包括监测部分和监控中心的设计。监测部分采用无线传感器网络,监控中心采用VB.NET编程语言。系统不但可以制作出友好的界面,还可以方便高效地实现与SQL Server数据库的链接与操作,具有实时、功耗小、费用低的优点,在大气污染监测中具有一定的实用价值。     

A Survey of Fault Management in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks are resource-constrained self-organizing systems that are often deployed in inaccessible and inhospitable environments in order to collect data about some outside world phenomenon. For most sensor network applications, point-to-point reliability is not the main objective; instead, reliable event-of-interest delivery to the server needs to be guaranteed (possibly with a certain probability). The nature of communication in sensor networks is unpredictable and failure-prone, even more so than in regular wireless ad hoc networks. Therefore, it is essential to provide fault tolerant techniques for distributed sensor applications. Many recent studies in this area take drastically different approaches to addressing the fault tolerance issue in routing, transport and/or application layers. In this paper, we summarize and compare existing fault tolerant techniques to support sensor applications. We also discuss several interesting open research directions. Lilia Paradis is currently a graduate student in the Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Colorado School of Mines. She is also part of the Toilers Ad Hoc Networking research group. She is interested in distributed communication protocols for wireless sensor networks. Qi Han received the PhD degree in computer science from the University of California, Irvine in 2005. She is currently an assistant professor in the Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Colorado School of Mines. Her research interests include distributed systems, middleware, mobile and pervasive computing, systems support for sensor applications, and dynamic data management. She is specifically interested in developing adaptive middleware techniques for next generation distributed systems. She is a member of the IEEE and the ACM.