A Robust and Efficient Method for Fusing Heterogeneous Data from Traffic Sensors on Freeways

Abstract: Fusing freeway traffic data such as spot speeds and travel times from a variety of traffic sensors (loops, cameras, automated vehicle identification systems) into a coherent, consistent, and reliable picture of the prevailing traffic conditions (e.g., speeds, flows) is a critical task in any off‐ or online traffic management or data archival system. This task is challenging as such data differ in terms of spatial and temporal resolution, accuracy, reliability, and most importantly in terms of spatiotemporal semantics. In this article, we propose a data fusion algorithm (the extended generalized Treiber‐Helbing filter [the EGTF]) which, although heuristic in nature, uses basic notions from traffic flow theory and is generic in the sense that it does not impose any restrictions on the way the data are structured in a temporal or spatial way. This implies that the data can stem from any data source, given they provide a means to distinguish between free flowing and congested traffic. On the basis of (ground truth and sensor) data from a micro‐simulation tool, we demonstrate that the EGTF method results in accurate reconstructed traffic conditions and is robust to increasing degrees of data corruption. Further research should focus on validating the approach on real data. The method can be straightforwardly implemented in any traffic data archiving system or application which requires consistent and coherent traffic data from traffic sensors as inputs.     

Hadoop应用基站数据改善智能交通方法研究

智能交通在当今社会的应用非常普遍,随着世界人口的急剧上升,交通堵塞问题也日益严重地影响着人们的生活。随着互联网技术的日益发展,大量的信息流入网络,将来也会是一个数据的时代,大数据技术在未来有着非常关键的作用,智能交通与大数据相结合也是必然趋势。文章将大数据分析平台Hadoop应用于智能交通,提出了Hadoop应用基站数据改善智能交通的方法,并分析、介绍了实现此应用需要的各个模块和实现方法,考虑到了现实情况中出现的问题和解决方案,高效地运用了之前难以利用和处理的大量数据资源,该应用的研究对智能交通系统的完善起着很大的作用,也有助于解决越来越严重的交通堵塞问题。     

城镇地籍建库中属性录入的一种快捷方法

城镇地籍信息系统建库过程中的属性录入是一项工作量大且容易出错的工作,本文探讨了一种简便高效的录入方法。     

柔性桩单桩沉降的简化计算方法

本文以Cooke提出的摩擦桩荷载传递物理模型为基础，通过复合地基中单桩工作机理和沉降特性的分析，提出了一种计算柔性核单桩沉降的简化方法。     

Fusing Loop Detector and Probe Vehicle Data to Estimate Travel Time Statistics on Signalized Urban Networks

Abstract: This article presents a methodology that integrates cumulative plots with probe vehicle data for estimation of travel time statistics (average, quartile) on urban networks. The integration reduces relative deviation among the cumulative plots so that the classical analytical procedure of defining the area between the plots as the total travel time can be applied. For quartile estimation, a slicing technique is proposed. The methodology is validated with real data from Lucerne, Switzerland and it is concluded that the travel time estimates from the proposed methodology are statistically equivalent to the observed values.     

MOOC教育大数据辨析初探:方法与启示

近年,MOOC教育在国内外发展得如火如荼,为学生和教师开辟了一种全新的学习交流平台。MOOC凭借其本身海量的教育资源以及使用过程中积累的学习行为数据,成为大数据的显著代表。本文首先论述MOOC所体现的大数据"4V"特征。然后阐述面向MOOC的大数据辨析方法。最后结合MOOC大数据辨析,给出两点关于我国高等教育的启示及国外相关案例剖析。     

CAD数据向GIS数据转换方法的研究

实现高效地将各类数字地形图数据转换为符合GIS要求的数据,是建立地理信息数据库不可或缺的前提条件。本文介绍了实现CAD数据向GIS数据快速转换的意义和目的,探讨转换过程的技术思路,着重介绍了从Auto-CAD的DWG格式数据直接输出MIF格式数据,并最终形成TAB格式GIS数据的转换流程以及在此过程中遇到的关键问题和解决方法。     

螺旋桨导管的一种简易修复法

８１５４型拖网渔船的螺旋桨导管腐蚀情况十分严重，使用寿命最短的只有１～２年。本文给出了一种简易的玻璃钢修复方法，可使导管的使用寿命递增一年。这种简易修复法的投入产出比，仅为１：１０。     

Temporal Evolution of Short-Term Urban Traffic Flow: A Nonlinear Dynamics Approach

Abstract:   Recognizing temporal patterns in traffic flow has been an important consideration in short-term traffic forecasting research. However, little work has been conducted on identifying and associating traffic pattern occurrence with prevailing traffic conditions. We propose a multilayer strategy that first identifies patterns of traffic based on their structure and evolution in time and then clusters the pattern-based evolution of traffic flow with respect to prevailing traffic flow conditions. Temporal pattern identification is based on the statistical treatment of the recurrent behavior of jointly considered volume and occupancy series; clustering is done via a two-level neural network approach. Results on urban signalized arterial 90-second traffic volume and occupancy data indicate that traffic pattern propagation exhibits variability with respect to its statistical characteristics such as deterministic structure and nonlinear evolution. Further, traffic pattern clustering uncovers four distinct classes of traffic pattern evolution, whereas transitional traffic conditions can be straightforwardly identified .     

公共建筑围护结构冷负荷的简单估算方法

围护结构冷负荷是建筑冷负荷的重要组成部分。传统的建筑围护结构冷负荷计算方法需要大量详细的建筑信息。城市规划阶段通过控制性详细规划只能获得建筑功能、建筑高度、容积率等有限的信息,限制了传统方法的应用。本文结合城市规划阶段特点,依据建筑体形系数及窗墙比的不同取值,将公共建筑划分为24类,提出了公共建筑围护结构冷负荷的简单计算方法。以北京地区为例,对每一类建筑进行了不同底面边长及高度条件时的建筑围护结构冷负荷计算,提出了适用于北京地区的简单估算公式,并分析了建筑围护结构冷负荷与建筑底面边长、建筑高度及建筑体形系数的关系。     

使用MS-WORD实现全站仪与绘图软件的数据格式转换

全站仪外业采集、成图软件内业编辑是一种重要的测图方式，着重介绍了如何利用Word的表格与文字转换功能将全站仪采集的数据文件转换为测图软件接受的数据文件的方法和步骤。     

短距离交织段通行能力计算方法研究初探

目前对于交织段的研究多偏重高等级道路,考虑车速与安全,高等级道路上的交织长度都有一定距离要求,然而在实际设计工作中,往往需要较为快捷的测算短距离、低车速交织段的运行状态和通行能力,很多研究成果和算法不能适用。鉴于此,通过相关理论研究,初步尝试简化计算,提出3种短距离的交织段通行能力计算方法,相应的方法需结合不同的管理措施,同时也需要在以后的实际应用中进一步论证。     

A Generic Approach to Estimate Freeway Traffic Time Using Vehicle ID‐Matching Technologies

New technologies have emerged to estimate the travel time on freeways by matching certain unique identifications of passing vehicles at different locations. These types of technologies share many similarities despite having different mechanisms. In this article, a generic method is presented to estimate freeway travel times using vehicle ID‐matching technologies. In particular, the new method addresses two long‐standing challenges: outlier screening and travel time estimation. Innovations include (1) using both statistical methods and traffic flow theory to screen outliers; and (2) accounting for mechanisms of various equipment measurement errors. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using simulation and shown to be more accurate and responsive to travel time changes than methods based on the use of traditional inductive loops.     

AutoCAD数据向MapGIS数据转换方法的研究

AutoCAD数据和MapGIS数据之间没有直接的数据接口,需要采取一些方法实现两者数据间的共享.本文通过分析两种数据间的区别,发现了可以用DXF作为实现数据转换的接口,并详细介绍了两种典型的转换方法.最后总结了转换过程中的要点,使两种数据之间的转换技术更加完美.     

提升地下交通环廊利用效率的设计新思路

城市核心区的地下空间开发已经进入快速发展期,建设城市地下交通环廊是改善区域交通与环境的重要措施, 多应用于商务区、公共服务核心区等交通压力大、慢行环境品质要求较高的区域,是用于连接各地块地下车库并直接与城市道路相衔接。目前相关研究及规范对地下交通环廊功能定位、规划设计中应重点考虑因素的论证尚不成熟,且受政策、管理、规划设计、宣传等影响,已运营的地下交通环廊普遍存在运营效率不高等问题。本文重点从规划设计层面分析了环廊利用效率不高的原因,结合既有工程运营实践分析了既有设计规范的不合理点,并提出了规划设计新思路与新标准,并应用于西咸新区能源金贸区地下环廊规划设计实践,供行业实践及规范进一步修编参考。     

连续变化钢筋尺寸快速翻样方法

讨论了目前连续变化钢筋尺寸翻样的几种方法,介绍了利用Autocad进行翻样的优势,并用lisp语言实现翻样的自动化,最后结合某桥墩实例详细的描述了利用lisp语言实现连续变化钢筋尺寸快速翻样的一般步骤。     

小范围测量中对水准面差异的一种简单处理方法

在小范围的精密工程与形变测量问题中,对测量精度的要求越来越高。随着GPS技术的日益完善,选择GPS进行工程控制测量、施工放样与变形监测已成为越来越普遍的选择。然而选择GPS进行测量必须面对大地水准面差异的问题。本文提出一种基于高差的处理方法,对该问题进行了研究。并对工程测量中相关问题进行模拟计算,得到满意的结果。     

一种建筑能耗监测平台数据利用的高效方法

针对目前建筑能耗监测平台数据处理和利用方面存在的问题,提出一种对数据智能处理和统一分析的方法。该方法包括数据识别和补充、不同监测平台数据的集中管理和统一分析等部分,通过该方法可以提高公共建筑能耗监测平台的数据质量,实现不同平台数据的整合,更加充分的对建筑能耗监测平台数据进行利用。     

The Dynamics of Unhealthy Housing in the UK: A Panel Data Analysis

There is an abundance of evidence supporting a cross-sectional association between poor housing and poor health, but relatively few studies have examined the relationship between housing and health over time. Using contemporary longitudinal data from seven yearly waves (1996–2002) of the British Household Panel Survey, summary statistics and multivariate first-differences regression models, this study provides robust evidence of a dynamic relationship between housing conditions and health. Worsening housing conditions, measured in three domains, are independently associated with deterioration in health, especially the number of reported health problems in women. These findings add to the longitudinal evidence of the effect of housing conditions. It is concluded that improvements in housing conditions produce health benefits and the findings are important for proposed housing interventions to maximise health benefits and prioritise areas of housing investment.     

一种膨胀型饰面防火涂料防火性能的简易检测方法

为经济便捷地对膨胀型饰面防火涂料进行防火性能检测,设计了1种简易的防火性能测试装置.在一些简化假设的基础上,针对该测试方法,提出了1个包含6个关键变量的传热数学模型.研究发现:6个关键变量中,反映外炭化层隔热能力以及热源综合影响的参数i值对防火涂料防火保护时间的影响最为关键.利用曲线拟合,获得i值的计算公式,并通过测试起始涂覆厚度不同的1组透明饰面型防火涂料样品,估算出了该防火涂料的i值.