针状硅灰石/尼龙6复合材料的制备和性能研究

将针状硅灰石和尼龙6经双螺杆挤出机熔融共混,制备了硅灰石/尼龙6复合材料。研究了硅烷偶联剂种类、偶联剂质量分数、共混工艺条件和硅灰石质量分数对复合材料性能的影响。用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜分别观察了硅灰石共混前后的形貌和硅灰石/尼龙6复合材料冲击试样断面的形貌。结果表明:用KH-550预处理的硅灰石比KH-560预处理的硅灰石制备的硅灰石/尼龙6复合材料的力学性能好。硅灰石采用侧喂料和较低的螺杆转速制备硅灰石/尼龙6复合材料,可以提高硅灰石/尼龙6复合材料的力学性能。随着硅灰石质量分数的增加,复合材料的力学性能提高。     

等规聚丙烯/针状硅灰石复合材料性能的研究

将针状硅灰石、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)和等规聚丙烯(iPP)经双螺杆挤出机熔融共混,制备了iPP/硅灰石复合材料。研究了共混工艺条件、PP-g-MAH和硅灰石用量对iPP/硅灰石复合材料力学性能和熔体质量流动速率的影响;用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜分别观察了硅灰石共混前后的形貌和iPP/硅灰石复合材料冲击试样断面的形貌。实验结果表明:硅灰石采用侧喂料和较低的螺杆转速,可以提高iPP/硅灰石复合材料力学性能。随着硅灰石质量分数的增加,复合材料的力学性能提高。在PP-g-MAH质量分数为1%,硅灰石质量分数为30%时,iPP/硅灰石复合材料力学性能最好。     

尼龙66/针状硅灰石复合材料的制备和性能研究

以针状硅灰石为填料,用双螺杆挤出机共混制备尼龙(PA)66/硅灰石复合材料,研究了硅灰石含量、处理方法和加工工艺对复合材料性能的影响,并观察了硅灰石共混前后和PA66/硅灰石复合材料冲击试样断面的形貌。结果表明,硅灰石用KH–560预处理时比用KH–550预处理所制备的PA66/硅灰石复合材料的力学性能好。硅灰石以侧喂料方式加入并采用较低的螺杆转速时,可使复合材料具有较高的力学性能。随着硅灰石含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和缺口冲击强度都大幅提高。经过1%KH560预处理的硅灰石质量分数在30%时,PA66/硅灰石复合材料的力学性能最好。     

硅灰石作聚合物填料的应用及其加工技术

硅灰石用作聚合物填料可降低聚合物产品的成本,改善其性能,已成为硅灰石开发利用的重要方向。本文介绍了硅灰石的矿物学特性、国外硅灰石作为聚合物填料的应用及其加工技术。并对我国硅灰石填料的发展提出建议。     

硅灰石在聚丙烯改性中的研究

研究了硅灰石填充聚丙烯树脂的性能,与滑石粉、云母填充对比,在弯曲模量方面,硅灰石比滑石粉提高10%;不同的偶联剂和加入量对硅灰石填充影响较大;在硅灰石/玻纤填充的聚丙烯体系中,加入硅灰石,降低材料强度;在玻纤增强聚丙烯体系中再加入硅灰石,对材料的物性基本没有影响;硅灰石耐刮擦性方面好于滑石粉。     

硅灰石表面接枝聚合DL-乳酸的研究

研究了一种在硅灰石粒子表面开环聚合嫁接外消旋乳酸的新方法,将外消旋聚乳酸通过化学键直接连接到硅灰石表面.聚乳酸接枝的硅灰石颗粒在乙醇等有机溶剂中分散性更好,可以稳定数天.傅立叶变换红外光谱证实了硅灰石表面成功引入了聚乳酸分子.聚乳酸在硅灰石粒子表面的最大接枝率约为5.8%.聚乳酸/乳酸接枝改性硅灰石复合材料的拉伸强度和...     

PET/硅灰石复合材料性能研究

主要研究了硅灰石含量对PET力学性能、耐磨性能和结晶性能的影响。力学性能测试结果表明:随着硅灰石含量的增加,PET的冲击强度和拉伸强度均先上升而后下降,在硅灰石质量分数为6%时冲击强度最大。另外,硅灰石的加入改善了PET的耐磨性能,9%的硅灰石对PET/硅灰石复合材料的耐磨性改善最佳。此外,从DSC测试结果可知:硅灰石能够促进PET结晶提高其玻璃化转变温度和结晶速率。     

硅灰石的研究与应用进展

就硅灰石研究发展趋势分析,认为目前硅灰石的研究重点是：硅灰石的表面改性;硅灰石增强树脂基复合材料;以硅灰石为原料制白炭黑等,此外硅灰石新产品的产业化也应该引起足够的重视。     

原位无皂乳液聚合硅灰石接枝PMMA反应机理及表征

以甲基丙基酸甲酯(MMA)为反应单体,采用无皂乳液聚合方法制备了硅灰石接枝PMMA。探讨了PMMA接枝聚合硅灰石的反应机理,并借助于FTIR、SEM、接触角测定仪对硅灰石接枝PMMA的结构及亲水性等进行分析表征。结果表明:PMMA通过化学键接枝在硅灰石表面,使其粒径变大,形成中心为硅灰石,外围为PMMA的"核-壳"结构,硅灰石的疏水性和亲油性得到明显提高。     

LDPE对PP／硅灰石复合材料增韧改性的研究

将PP与高填充量的硅灰石通过双螺杆挤出机熔融共混制得了PP/硅灰石复合材料;将PP/硅灰石复合材料与LDPE通过双螺杆挤出机进行二次共混制得了PP/LDPE/硅灰石三元复合材料;研究了硅灰石对PP的热变形温度(HDT)和力学性能的影响以及LDPE对PP/硅灰石复合材料HDT和力学性能的影响.结果表明,硅灰石能大幅度地提高PP的弯曲性能和HDT,但使其拉伸强度和冲击强度有所下降;随LDPE质量分数的增加,PP/LDPE/硅灰石复合材料的HDT、拉仲强度和弯曲性能下降,而冲击韧性明显改善.LDPE不能改善硅灰石与基体间的相容性;但在复合材料受冲击力作用时,可引发基体产生屈服变形,从而改善复合材料的冲击性能.     

Preparation and surface-active properties of the sodium soaps,mono- and diethanolamides and diol and triol sulfates of cycloaliphatic C21 Di- and C22 Tricarboxylic acids

Cycloaliphatic C₂₁ di- and C₂₂ tricarboxylic acids were prepared by the Diels-Alder reaction of dehydrated castor oil (DCO) fatty acids (containing 48% conjugated and 42% nonconjugated dienes) with acrylic and fumaric acids, respectively. The reaction temperature, time, catalyst concentration, and mole ratio of reactants were varied to get maximum yields of the di- and tricarboxylic acids. The unreacted DCO fatty acids were removed from the products by partition between aqueous methanol and n-hexane. The products were converted to methyl esters and characterized as the substituted cyclohexene derivatives before and after dehydrogenation with Pd/C in xylene, hydrogenation with Pd/C in decalin and oxidation with periodate-permanganate reagent and by mass and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. The acids were converted to sodium soaps, mono- and diethanolamides and the corresponding diol and triol sulfates, and the resulting products were evaluated for their surface-active properties. The sodium soaps showed better calcium tolerance and poorer foaming power than sodium oleate. The diethanolamides were inferior to lauroyl diethanolamide in wetting and emulsifying power. The monoethanolamides were better than the respective diethanolamides and lauroyl diethanolamide in wetting property. The diol and triol sulfates were poorer in wetting and emulsifying ability and better in calcium tolerance than sodium lauryl sulfate.     

无机及分析化学课程教学改革与实践

结合无机及分析化学课程的内容和特点,介绍了无机及分析化学课程教学改革的一些新举措,取得了良好的效果。主要研究内容和成果有:优化教学内容,选择合适的教材,合理安排教学进度;改进课堂教学方法和手段,将传统教学方式与多媒体教学相结合;理论与实验教学相结合,加深学生对理论知识的理解,培养学生的研究能力和创新意识。     

Flexible and conducting composites of polypyrrole and polydimethylsiloxane

Conductive and flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/polypyrrole (PPy) composites were synthesized electrochemically. Electrochemical syntheses were performed at +1.10 V by using p‐toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA) as supporting electrolyte and water as solvent. Composites were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Conductivity measurements and mechanical tests were also performed. The observed conductivities were in the range of 3.5–7.6 S/cm, indicating that the conductivities of PDMS/PPy composites and that of pure PPy were in the same order of magnitude. Tensile tests revealed that higher percent elongation was obtained by the addition of PDMS. Highly flexible and foldable PDMS/PPy composites were successfully synthesized, which have high conductivities and improved mechanical properties. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 736–741, 2004     

PCT及其共聚酯的开发概况及应用

简述了PCT及其改性聚酯的工艺原理,综述了有关PCT及其共聚酯的开发现状和研究概况,并指出其应用领域。     

Chitosan microspheres and sponges: Preparation and characterization

In this study, chitosan microspheres and sponges were prepared and characterized for diverse biomedical applications successfully. The chitosan microspheres were obtained with a “suspension crosslinking technique” in the size range of 30–700 μm. The stirring rate of the suspension medium and the chitosan/acetic acid ratio, emulsifier, and crosslinker, that is, the glutaraldehyde concentration in the suspension medium, were evaluated as the effective parameters on the size/size distributions of the microspheres. The microsphere size/size distributions were increased with the decreasing of all effective parameters except the chitosan/acetic acid ratio. In the second part of the study, chitosan sponges were prepared with a solvent‐evaporation technique and sponges were cross‐linked either during the formation or after the formation of sponges by using a cross‐linker, that is, glutaraldehyde. When the sponges were crosslinked during the formation, fibrillar structures were obtained, while the leaflet structures were obtained in the case of crosslinking after the formation of sponges. In the last part of the study, the swelling behavior of both the chitosan microspheres and sponges were evaluated using different amounts of the crosslinker. The swelling ratio was increased in both types of structures, that is, microspheres and sponges, by decreasing the amount of the crosslinker. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 1637–1643, 2000     

新型卟啉及其金属配合物的合成与性能

通过琥珀酰基、马来酰基和邻苯二甲酰基对四-(4-氨基苯基)卟啉进行修饰改性,合成不同结构的新型卟啉及其铜配合物。对合成的新型结构卟啉配体进行核磁共振、质谱和红外表征,对其铜配合物进行质谱表征,结果表明,所合成的化合物是目标产物。通过紫外-可见、荧光发射、热重、循环伏安法进行性质测试,计算出HOMO和LUMO能级。结果表明,新型化合物具有良好的可见光区吸收和纯红光发射光谱,热稳定性高,可以作为红光材料的备选材料。     

Tetraalkynylated and Tetraalkenylated Benzenes and Pyridines: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties

Tetra(arylalkynyl)pyridines and tetra(arylalkenyl)pyridines and their benzene analogues were prepared by palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions from the commercially available chlorinated substrates in good to excellent yields. The photophysical properties of selected compounds were investigated and compared to each other. Very good fluorescence quantum yields were observed, especially for the pyridine derivatives.     

苯并呋喃噻吩(吲哚)二酮染料的合成及其光谱性能

本文合成了对溴苦杏仁酸、对甲基苦杏仁酸、对甲氧基苦杏仁酸和对巯基苯酚，用这4个中问体合成了4只苯并呋喃噻吩二酮染料和4只苯并呋喃吲哚二酮染料。经质谱鉴定，分子离子峰和碎片峰与结构一致。初步探讨了这些染料的光谱性能。     

乙草胺在甘蔗和土壤中的残留分析及消解动态

采用GC-μECD法测定了乙草胺在甘蔗植株、茎秆及土壤中的消解动态和最终残留。样品用乙腈提取,PSA和碳纳米管净化。结果表明:当乙草胺在植株、茎秆和土壤中的添加浓度在0.005~0.5 mg/kg时,添加回收率分别为84.84%~95.54%、81.96%~99.40%和80.91%~95.70%,相对标准偏差分别为1.67%~5.20%、1.75%~5.50%和1.11%~2.24%。乙草胺在植株和土壤中的半衰期分别为2.7~3.2 d和8.0~8.7 d。乙草胺在甘蔗植株、茎秆和土壤中的最终残留量分别为0.005 mg/kg、0.005 mg/kg和0.010~0.099 mg/kg。     

国内外乙丙橡胶发展现状、趋势及建议

概述了国内外乙丙橡胶（EPR）的发展现状、市场需求以及发展前景,并就目前我国乙丙椽胶发展中一些值得探讨的问题提出了几点意见和建议。