泡沫陶瓷填料湿化器加湿性能实验研究

温化器是湿空气透平(HAT)循环的关键部件,其性能优劣对于循环的性能有着重要的影响.对采用新型SiC泡沫陶瓷填料的湿化器在加压条件下的湿化性能进行了实验研究,分析了水气比、进口水温、操作压力以及进口空气温度对湿化过程的影响,研究表明,提高水气比或进口水温会使进出口空气温差、含湿量差相应增加,湿化器节点温差增大.操作压力...     

湿化器的传热传质机理和性能分析

从传热传质基本原理出发,建立了ＨＡＴ循环的重要部件－湿化器的数学模型,研究了湿化器的工作性能,并指出了目前某些处理方法的不合理之处。     

逆流式空气湿化器实验系统的研制

增湿湿化器是HAT循环的关键部件，本文利用相位多普勒分析仪Dual PDA(Phase Doppler Analyzer)详细测量湿化器内气液两相流场和内部温度场、相对湿度分布等，掌握传热传质机理以及研究分析影响湿化器性能的主要因素，从而进一步研制设计和改进、完善了湿化器实验系统。     

HAT循环后冷湿化过程的传热传质性能研究

为了提升湿空气燃气轮机循环的调控灵活性,自主设计和搭建了后冷湿化器一体化实验系统,通过实验获得不同水气比下后冷湿化器出口空气的温湿度和出口水温,利用实验数据修正表面化学反应速率,基于表面化学反应模型建立了后冷湿化过程三维数值模型,分析了水气比和进口水温对后冷湿化器性能的影响。结果表明：建立的后冷湿化器传热传质模型能高精度模拟后冷湿化过程,空气温度沿流动方向呈逐渐降低的趋势,空气的含湿量和相对湿度沿流动方向逐渐升高;水气比和进口水温均对后冷湿化器的性能有较大影响,随着水气比和进口水温增大出口空气湿度提高,湿化性能提升,而降低水气比有利于提升空气后冷性能。     

湿化燃气轮机循环的性能分析

能源危机和环境污染的问题使人们对能源利用效率和环保的要求日益增加,同时经济的快速发展也使人们对电能的需求量越来越大。据国际能源协会(IEA)预测,电能的消耗将以平均每年2·4%的速度增长,因此效率高、比功输出大、对环境污染少成为目前发电技术所努力追求的目标。随着分布     

板式空气_空气热交换器热工性能实验研究

本文以两台波纹铝板空气一空气热交换器为例,对其传热和阻力特性进行了实验研究,得出了雷诺数在900～4000范围内,传热因子j和平均摩擦阻力系数f随雷诺数的变化规律,并分析了热交换器结构和不同强化传热元件对其换热和阻力特性的影响。     

逆流式空气湿化器热力性能的效率分析

为了详细研究HAT循环关键部件湿化器的热力学性能,用分析的方法定义了湿化器的效率的概念,并结合实验得出了不同进口参数,如湿空气含湿量、水气比和进口水温(水气温差)对效率的影响规律,为提高湿化器性能和确定合理的运行工作状态提供了依据。图4参13     

海水脱硫散堆填料塔流体流动及传热研究

在大型可移动式海水脱硫试验台上进行了中试规模的试验,在体积平均法的基础上,结合试验数据获得的压损拟合公式建立了描述散堆填料塔内气、液两相的流动及传热模型;通过计算,获取了在不同液气比下塔内流体速度、孔隙率分布、压力分布及海水温度分布,并就压力损失和海水出口温度与试验值进行了对比,预测值与试验值吻合较好。分析计算结果发现,靠近壁面处存在着显著的壁流现象,其形成原因是近壁面处的孔隙率明显高于中间区域。海水温度在顶部分布较不均匀,靠近壁面处海水温度波动较大,向塔中心处逐渐趋于均匀,沿塔高度从上到下,温度逐渐下降均匀,到塔高一半处基本不再变化(△T<0.1 K),说明在塔高一半处气液间的热交换已基本完成。     

高效太阳能空气集热器的研究

为制作和运输方便,太阳能空气集热器采用单元制作、现场安装的方案.利用优化设计的方法得出太阳能空气集热器的最优结构参数,结合集热器的使用性和加工工艺性,选择集热器单元的结构尺寸和制作用料,提高集热器的热效率、降低制作成本.经对样机使用表明,该太阳能空气集热器安装方便、造价便宜,能够为农业干燥作业提供绿色能源.     

侧风环境下湿式冷却塔性能参数变化规律的试验研究

外界侧风在很大程度上影响自然通风逆流湿式冷却塔的传热传质性能,根据相似理论,通过热态模型试验,以冷却数和刘易斯数为出发点,研究了外界侧风对冷却塔传热传质性能的影响.研究发现:冷却数和刘易斯数随着外界侧风的变化呈现先减小后增大的趋势,拐点风速值为0.4 m/s;当外界侧风风速小于0.7 ～0.8m/s时,侧风的存在严重恶...     

侧风对机械通风高位收水冷却塔群三维热力特性的影响研究

为探究环境侧风对机械通风高位收水冷却塔群热力性能的影响,建立了由10座冷却塔组成的背靠背塔群的三维数值计算模型,并分析了不同环境风速及风向下冷却塔群通风特性、热风回流特性及换热特性的变化规律。研究结果表明：环境侧风诱导产生的塔内外横向旋涡对冷却塔群整体热力特性产生了恶化效应;在10 m/s风速下,侧风会使塔群平均通风量最大下降23.0%;45°侧风引起的塔群热风回流现象最严重,使得进风口气流温度和含湿量最大分别增加2.3%和6.3%;在横向旋涡及热风回流等因素的作用下,环境侧风会对冷却塔群换热特性产生不利影响,其中45°风向为最不利风向,使得出塔水温最大升高1.1 ℃。     

用空冷器代替冷却塔的技术经济性分析

本文就电厂中用空冷器代替冷却塔的可行性进行了分析。以给定工况下的电厂为例 ,分别计算了采用冷却塔和空冷器两种系统下的设备费用和运行费用 ,分析了变工况下空冷器的经济性能。通过分析看出 ,若当地气温在 5℃左右 ,风速维持在 2 4m/s时 ,空冷器可以省去风机 ,而且能耗和费用将降低 ,经济性能将优于冷却塔方式。对于一个 1 5 0 0kW的发电机组 ,每年可节约循环水 7 395万t。空冷器同样适用于石化等行业的冷却水循环系统。因此 ,在气候条件适合的北方地区 ,采用空冷器是节水的有效途径。     

夏季工况条件下空调/冷柜一体机性能实验研究

空调冷柜一体机系统是通过中间冷却器将空调与冷柜耦合,可以将空调系统中的部分制冷剂节流至中间冷却器对冷柜系统中的制冷剂进行过冷以提升其系统性能。实验研究了夏季工况条件下冷柜温度、室外环境温度及质量流量比对一体机系统制冷量及COP的影响。实验结果表明:在夏季工况条件下,冷柜系统的制冷量和COP随质量流量比的增大而增大,但质量流量比大于12%后其增速放缓;空调系统制冷量随质量流量比的增大而减小,而其COP随质量流量比的增大而略有增大。综合分析认为夏季工况条件下,质量流量比控制在8%～12%时可以提高空调及冷柜系统COP,同时空调器制冷量衰减也较小。     

Thermodynamic study of wet cooling tower performance

An analytical model was developed to describe thermodynamically the water evaporation process inside a counter‐flow wet cooling tower, where the air stream is in direct contact with the falling water, based on the implementation of the energy and mass balance between air and water stream describing thus, the rate of change of air temperature, humidity ratio, water temperature and evaporated water mass along tower height. The reliability of model predictions was ensured by comparisons made with pertinent experimental data, which were obtained from the literature. The paper elaborated the effect of atmospheric conditions, water mass flow rate and water inlet temperature on the variation of the thermodynamic properties of moist air inside the cooling tower and on its thermal performance characteristics. The analysis of the theoretical results revealed that the thermal performance of the cooling tower is sensitive to the degree of saturation of inlet air. Hence, the cooling capacity of the cooling tower increases with decreasing inlet air wet bulb temperature whereas the overall water temperature fall is curtailed with increasing water to air mass ratio. The change of inlet water temperature does not affect seriously the thermal behaviour of the cooling tower. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

回热器对低温空气制冷系统性能影响的实验研究

随着环保问题的日益突出,空气制冷系统的理论和实验研究重新受到重视。通过对开式空气制冷系统的三种回热方案进行实验测试对比,分析了回热器对系统性能及除湿效果的影响。实验结果表明:与无回热的空气制冷系统相比,在相同的工况下,二级回热系统可大幅降低涡轮出口温度,最大降低约8.5℃,并可大幅降低涡轮进口的含湿量,最大降低约35%。同时一级回热系统和二级回热系统均可大幅增加系统的COP和制冷量,但一级回热器对涡轮进口含湿量的影响较小。     

湿式冷却塔进风口加装导风板的优化设计

基于两相流传热传质理论,利用Fluent软件模拟300 MW机组冷却塔填料区使用多孔介质时的通风率,采用离散相模型（DPM）在配水区上表面加入热水,模拟研究新型旋流型叶片导风板的优化能力,给定不同弧度及安装角,分别在0、3和7 m·s^-1风速下计算冷却塔出塔水温,并分析侧风对冷却塔冷却性能的影响。研究结果表明：加装导风板可以降低侧风引起的不利影响,导风板数量为50块时效果最好,旋流型叶片导风板的最佳安装角为20°,此时旋流型叶片的最佳弧度为15°,最大温降可达0.787 4 K。研究结果为火电厂选择导风板提供了依据。     

Study of humid air turbine cycle with external heat source for air humidification

In this paper, through introducing an external heat source to the conventional humid air turbine (HAT) cycle, we have studied the performances of the improved humid air gas turbine cycle mainly by exergy analysis method. In order to attain the performance of the humid air gas turbine with external heat source, we compare it with the conventional HAT cycle in detail with different factors such as the pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature (TIT) and the external circulating water mass flow. The results showed that the specific work of the new system and the humidity ratio of saturator are all increased in some degree. For example, in the same pressure ratio and TIT, when the ratio of the external circulating water mass flow rate with that of the internal water is 0.2, the specific work increases more than 15.2 kJ kg⁻¹a, and the humidity raises at least 2.0 percent points. By introducing the external circulating water into the system, though thermal efficiency of the new HAT cycle is lower than that of the conventional HAT cycle, the exergy efficiency exhibits different results. Generally, when the pressure ratio is over 8, the exergy efficiency for the proposed HAT cycle is higher than the conventional HAT cycle; while less than 8, whether or not the exergy efficiency increases will mainly depend on TIT. In addition, the exergy destructions of components in systems were investigated. Through the comparison of the new system with the conventional HAT cycle, it was found that the exergy loss proportion in combustion declines for the new system, and the proportion of exhaust loss increases. From the viewpoint of total energy system, the HAT cycle with utilization of external heat source is a beneficial way to improve the overall performances of energy utilization. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

直接蒸发式与串联式独立新风空调系统性能实验研究

通过建立空调系统测试实验台,就直接蒸发式与串联式独立新风空调系统进行性能研究。研究影响系统性能各因素,并分析两种空调系统在各因素下的运行性能,以及室内盘管保持干工况下运行的适用条件。得出当室内负荷显热比低于0.8,或者室外温度升高到35℃、相对湿度增大到65%的工况下,串联式系统比直接蒸发式系统更具结露的风险。且适当增加新风量有利于改善室内温湿度过高的现象,但新风量过大,容易造成室温偏高。     

An experimental study on vapor transport of a hollow fiber membrane module for humidification in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Water management is key in the optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance and durability. Humidifiers can be used to provide water vapor to cathode air, ensuring the proper operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In this study, water vapor transport characteristics of hollow fiber membrane modules were investigated in shell-tube humidifiers under isothermal conditions, using two different test jig constructions: a convection jig and a diffusion jig. The mass transfer rate of water vapor was evaluated via the impact of various operating parameters, including temperature, flow rate, pressure, and relative humidity of inlet wet air, flow arrangements, and surface area of the tube side. The result was presented by the water vapor transport rate from wet air flow to dry air flow across the hollow fiber membrane. It was found that humidification performance could be improved with higher operating temperature, flow rate, and relative humidity of inlet wet air, lower pressure, larger membrane surface area, higher convection effect, and substituting co-current with counter-current flow configuration.