包晶合金定向凝固中的共生生长

对包晶合金定向生长特性进行分析，并与共晶系经典共生生长模型（Jackson-Hunt模型）所描述的共生生长特性进行对比，提出包晶稳态过热共生生长模型，同时以Fe-Ni合金系为对象，对其亚包晶和过包晶成分在不同温度梯度G和生长速度1，下进行定向凝固实验及组织分析。研究结果表明：在定向凝固条件下，包晶系两相严格的共生生长只有在进入稳态且温度高于包晶相变温度时才可能进行；包晶合金两相的共生生长尤其在G／v值高的平／胞界面形态，确实发生在Tp温度以上，与提出的模型所预测的一致。     

Growth restriction effects during solidification of aluminium alloys

The effects of solute elements during solidification on the grain size are very important and can be quantified by the growth-restriction parameter Q, and Q possesses the better correlation with the grain size. Based on the constitutional undercooling generated by the growth of an adjacent grain during the initial solidification, the growth-restriction parameter Q is deduced and a comprehensive physical basis of Q is obtained by using an initial solute distributing equation. For the alloys with more potent nucleants, Q is a suitable predictor of the grain size. For less potent nucleants, the relative grain size(RGS) is a more accurate prediction of the grain size. This prediction coincides with the experimental behaviors for Al-Ti and Al-Cu alloys with lower solute content.     

定向凝固法制备YBC超导体的若干材料学问题

讨论了定向凝固法制备YBCO超导体涉及的包晶转变与包晶反应,成分过冷,扩散控制生长模型,界面效应及定向凝固YBCO生长晶体学等问题。     

Pb-Bi包晶合金定向凝固相和组织选择

针对Pb-Bi包晶合金中高速及低速定向凝固,利用最高界面生长温度判据以及充分形核和成分过冷准则,对Pb-Bi包晶合金定向凝固中初生α和包晶β两相的相互竞争规律进行预测。计算结果表明:在中高速凝固段,与Pb-26%Bi、Pb-28%Bi、Pb-30%Bi和Pb-34%Bi(质量分数)合金对应的α→β转变的临界生长速度分别为20、14、8.5和2 mm/s;在低速凝固段,合金的相选择图分为8个生长区,其中包括两相分别以单相生长区及两相混合生长区。利用该相选择图,结合温度梯度与凝固速度比值(G/V)及合金原始成分(C0)可预测相选择规律及组织形态。     

Ni25Al75合金快速凝固过程中的包晶反应与凝固进程

用平面流铸技术制备了Ni25Al75合金条带，利用XRD，TEM和EDS对快速凝固后的显微组织和微区成分进行了分析。研究表明，Ni—A1合金快速凝固过程中的包晶反应受到了很大程度的抑制，从而影响到快速凝固进程，造成最终相组成中出现了平衡条件下不可能出现的α(A1)，并使NiAl3相有效合金浓度和生长速度增加，导致最终相组成中NiAl3相质量分数增加。     

Pb-Bi包晶合金定向凝固过程中带状组织的形成(英文)

采用Bridgman定向凝固技术对Pb-Bi包晶合金进行定向凝固实验,生长速度为0.5μm/s,温度梯度为35K/mm。在亚包晶和过包晶成分的Pb-Bi合金中(Pb-xBi,x=26%,28%,30%和 34%)均观察到带状组织。由于熔体对流的影响,在试样中心形成树状初生α相,周围被包晶β相基体包围。带状组织出现在树状组织后,并且该带状组织为过渡性的。测定带状组织中的成分分布,从而确定α和β两相的形核过冷度。在有限长试样中,熔体对流是形成过渡性带状组织的主要原因,该过渡性带状组织表现为有限带数,带宽不恒定,且在Pb-Bi合金的两相包晶区很宽的成分范围内出现。     

Sn-Sb包晶合金的快速凝固

设计了一种用于Sn-Sb等滑动轴承合金的无容器接触深过冷快速凝固装置.并以热流分析为基础,利用传热模型和物理模型计算了Sn-16%Sb(质量分数)过包晶合金在本装置中的冷却速度.结果表明:在粒子直径为4mm时,粒子的冷却速度为3.1×102K/s;当粒子直径为0.1mm时,冷却速度达到了105K/s.Sn-Sb包晶合金组织显著细化,初生相SnSb化合物高度弥散化.     

Directionally solidified microstructures and peritectic phase growth of Cu-75%Sn peritectic alloy

Directionally solidified microstructures of Cu-75 % Sn peritectic alloy were investigated at the growth rate ranging from 1 to 300 μm/s. With the growth rate increasing, directionally solidified plate-like microstructures in Cu-75%Sn peritectic alloy are refined by the increase of nucleation quantities of primary ε phases and cooling rate.Peritectic ηphase can grow by the peritectic transformation and direct solidification from the liquid. At the low growth rate varying from 5 to 10 μm/s, the width of ε phase increases due to the effect of the peritectic transformation; however, at higher growth rate, the deviation between the width of ε phase and the whole plate-like microstructure increases resulting from direct solidification of ηphase from the undercooled melt. The regressed data show that the relationship between the width of the whole plate-like microstructure (W) and the growth rate (v)satisfies as Wv0.27= 117 μm1.27 · s-0.27 and the primary dendritic arm spacing (λ) with the growth rate has a relation of λv0.208 =153.8 μm1.208 · s-0.208 as the growth rate increases from 3 to 300 μm/s.     

Cellular automaton simulation of peritectic solidification of a C-Mn steel

A cellular automaton model has been developed to simulate the microstructure evolution of a C-Mn steel during the peritectic solidification.In the model,the thermodynamics and solute diffusion of multi...     

包晶钢的碳含量及相关的凝固收缩

对w(C)=0.1%和w(C)=0.18%时包晶反应的凝固收缩进行了阐述。     

Directional solidification of Ti-45Al-8Nb-(W,B,Y) alloy

Using a Bridgman vertical vacuum furnace,Ti-45Al-8Nb-(W,B,Y) (at.%) bars,which were prepared from a plasma arc melting (PAM) ingot,were directionally solidified at growth rates of 10,15,and 20 μm/s.Polysynthetic twinned (PST) crystal with an aligned lamellar microstructure was obtained at the growth rate of 15 μm/s because of high Nb addition.The principle of PST crystal growth and the effect of Nb element were discussed.The results of investigations on microstructure and micromechanical properties of the d...     

PdW20包晶合金的凝固组织及相选择

考察了凝固速率在50~1.8×103μm/s范围内的PdW20合金凝固组织及凝固速率对微观组织形态和领先相的影响。结果表明,三种不同凝固条件下的凝固组织由初生W相、包晶(Pd)相和固溶体Pd相组成。随着凝固速率增大,合金组织从树枝晶转变成等轴晶,晶粒大小快速减小。合金组织存在显微偏析,并且随着凝固速率增大,晶内与晶界上的成分差值减小。在3.2×102μm/s凝固速率下,观察到领先相W在进行包晶反应时不完全,还有部分W剩余。     

Microstructure evolution of Cu-Pb monotectic alloys during directional solidification

1 Introduction Monotectic alloy is an important class of alloy whose binary phase diagram has a miscibility gap, in which the original single liquid will decompose into two distinct immiscible liquids within a few seconds. In the normal gravity field, a …     

Directional solidification of Ti-45AI-8Nb-（W,B,Y） alloy

Using a Bridgman vertical vacuum furnace, Ti-45Al-8Nb-(W,B,Y) (at.%) bars, which were prepared from a plasma arc melting (PAM) ingot, were directionally solidified at growth rates of 10, 15, and 20 μm/s. Polysynthetic twinned (PST) crystal with an aligned lamellar microstructure was obtained at the growth rate of 15 μm/s because of high Nb addition. The principle of PST crystal growth and the effect of Nb element were discussed. The results of investigations on microstructure and micromechanical properties of the directionally solidified (DS) bars of Ti-45Al-8Nb-(W,B,Y) alloy are briefly summarized.     

Effect of liquid-liquid structure transition on solidification of Sn-Bi alloys

The effect of the liquid-liquid structure transition（L-LST） on the solidification behaviors and morphologies of Sn-Bi alloys was studied further. The results show that the undercooling of the primary and eutectic phase increases and the microstructure becomes finer after solidifying from the melt experiencing the L-LST. In the meantime, in hypoeutectic alloy, when solidifying from the melt experiencing the L-LST, the morphology of primary phase changes from the fir-tree crystal into the equiaxed crystal, and less primary phase and more eutectic structure are observed. Moreover, in eutectic alloy, the spacing of eutectic phase decreases markedly. These investigations would be beneficial to further exploration of the correlation between the melt structure and the micro mechanism of solidification.     

Effect of growth rates and temperature gradients on the spacing and undercooling in the broken-lamellar eutectic growth (Sn-Zn eutectic system)

The Sn-Zn system has a eutectic structure of a broken lamellar type. Dependence of the broken-lamellar spacing λ and the undercooling ΔT on V and G were investigated, and the relationship between them was examined. A Sn-Zn (99.99%) high-purity eutectic alloy was melted in a graphite crucible under vacuum atmosphere. This eutectic alloy was directionally solidified upward with a constant growth rate V (8.30 μm/s) and different temperature gradients G (1.86–6.52 K/mm), and also with a constant temperature gradient (6.52 K/mm) and different growth rates (8.30–165.13 μm/s) in a Bridgman-type directional solidification furnace. The lamellar spacings λ were measured from both transverse and longitudinal sections of the specimen. The λ values from the transverse section were used for calculations and comparisons with the previous works. The undercooling values ΔT were obtained using growth rate and system parameters K ₁ and K ₂. It was found that the values of λ decreased while V and G increased. The relationships between lamellar spacing λ and solidification parameters V and G were obtained by linear regression analysis method. The λ² V, ΔTλ, ΔTV ⁻⁵, and λ³ G values were determined using λ, ΔT, V, and G values. The experimentally obtained values for the broken-lamellar growth (Sn-Zn eutectic system) were in good agreement with the theoretical and other experimental values.     

Pb-Bi包晶合金定向凝固微观组织演化

对Pb-(26,28,30,34)Bi(质量分数,%,下同)包晶合金进行平界面生长的低速定向凝固到枝晶状生长的高速定向凝固实验,研究了Pb-Bi包晶合金的微观组织形成及其演化。实验结果表明,在温度梯度G=30K/mm条件下,当凝固速度V=0.25μm/s时,初生α相和包晶β相均以平界面生长,凝固组织的演化过程为:单相初生α相→两相竞争组织→β单相。V=0.5μm/s时,定向凝固组织的演化过程为:单相初生α相→胞状α相+胞间包晶β相→α+β两相竞争组织→β单相。在G=20K/mm条件下,当凝固速度V=1μm/s时,初生α相以胞状领先生长,包晶β相则在胞状α间形核生长,并包裹住α胞。当凝固速度增加至V≥2μm/s时,初生α相由胞状转变为枝晶状,包晶β相则在枝晶间包围α枝晶。     

行波磁场对定向凝固Pb-Sn合金枝晶生长的影响

在1g的重力加速度条件下,研究熔体对流对向上生长的定向凝固Pb-33%Sn合金枝晶生长行为的影响。熔体对流由行波磁场进行调制。当行波磁场方向由向上转变为向下时,一次枝晶间距逐渐增大,一次枝晶间距的分布更加紧凑,且峰值趋于降低。分析表明：行波磁场对熔体对流的调制作用与改变重力加速度的效果类似,当抽拉速率为50μm/s,行波磁场强度为1mT时,在向上和向下的行波磁场作用下有效重力加速度分别为3.07g和0.22g。     

Progress on modeling and simulation of directional solidification of superalloy turbine blade casting

Directional solidified turbine blades of Ni-based superalloy are widely used as key parts of the gas turbine engines.The mechanical properties of the blade are greatly influenced by the final microstructure and the grain orientation determined directly by the grain selector geometry of the casting.In this paper,mathematical models were proposed for three dimensional simulation of the grain growth and microstructure evolution in directional solidification of turbine blade casting.Ray-tracing method was applied to calculate the temperature variation of the blade.Based on the thermo model of heat transfer,the competitive grain growth within the starter block and the spiral of the grain selector,the grain growth in the blade and the microstructure evolution were simulated via a modified Cellular Automaton method.Validation experiments were carried out,and the measured results were compared quantitatively with the predicted results.The simulated cooling curves and microstructures corresponded well with the experimental results.The proposed models could be used to predict the grain morphology and the competitive grain evolution during directional solidification.