挤压铸造Al2O3f/Al-5Cu合金的元素分布及其溶质偏析研究

采用挤压铸造法制备了Al2O3f/Al-5Cu复合材料，研究了其凝固组织及其溶质在纤维附近的分布。结果表明：纤维与基体间润湿良好，生成了致密的界面层；在凝固过程中，αAl相在短纤维间隙中形核并向纤维表面生长；纤维表面Cu和h元素的浓度增大，纤维间隙中的Cu元素的浓度减小。La的加入改变了凝固过程中的溶质传质参数，根据Clyne-Kurz公式的计算和统计物理的分析，将会生成更多的共晶组织。     

连续SiC纤维增强钛基复合材料横向强度分析

连续SiC纤维增强钛基复合材料（SiCf／Ti）具有良好的综合性能,但其横向性能低于钛合金基体。为了准确地预测SiCf／Ti复合材料的横向强度,北京航空制造工程研究所赵冰等人提出一种基于界面脱粘强度的计算模型。采用SiCf／Ti复合材料十字拉伸试件来测试复合材料的纤维／基体界面脱粘强度,并分析了热处理时间对界面脱粘强度影响规律,以及不同纤维之间界面脱粘强度的差别。     

水平连铸复合成形铜铝层状复合材料的组织与性能

提出了一种可以制备冶金结合界面双金属复合板带的水平连铸复合成形新工艺,其具有短流程、高效的特点。采用该工艺制备了截面尺寸为70 mm×24 mm（宽度×厚度）的铜铝复合板,获得了可行的制备参数,研究了所制备板坯的组织形貌和性能。结果表明,铜铝复合板制备成形过程中,会形成由金属间化合物和共晶相组成的复合界面层。铝液和铜板表面接触,发生固液转变形成（II）层:θ相。随着铜原子不断的向铝液中扩散,当铜原子含量达到一定程度,θ相发生固相转变形成（I）层:γ相。达到共晶温度时,发生共晶转变形成（III）层:α+θ共晶组织。其中I层和II层均为铜铝金属间化合物,是裂纹产生和扩展的主要区域,因此界面层厚度是决定结合强度的重要因素。通过调整工艺参数可以优化凝固过程中铜铝复合板内的温度场分布,进而控制复合界面层的形成过程,因此工艺参数之间的合理匹配是改善复合层组织结构和增大板坯结合强度的关键。      

Al2O3短纤维增强Al-Cu合金的微观组织结构和机械性能研究

为了研究铜元素含量变化对复合材料界面反应、微观组织结构和机械性能的影响，利用挤压铸造法制备了体积分数均为40％的Al2O3纤维增强纯铝和Al—Cu合金（1％，3％和5％）复合材料。采用X射线、TEM、SEM和拉伸实验手段，观察和测试了4种复合材料的微观组织和机械性能。结果表明，Al2O3纤维表面含有非晶SiO2成分，在高应力下易于开裂。铜元素的加入对材料的析出产生和机械性能有重要影响。铜元素引入后在复合材料中纤维表面处偏聚和富集，促进了界面θ相析出，并随基体中Cu含量提高而增加。当铜含量增加到5％后，基体内部也出现明显的析出相。拉伸实验结果表明随着Cu含量的增加复合材料的抗拉强度增高，Al2O3f/Al-Cu与Al2O3f／纯Al相比，抗拉强度分别增加了102％，146％和171％。SEM断口观察表明：基体合金的断口基本上都呈宏观脆性断口，具有低的展延性和撕裂纹理；大量的纤维从复合材料基体中拔出，一些纤维被拉断，这些特点与界面结合物和多晶的Al2O3纤维结构密切相关。     

高硬度Mg基复合材料及其制备

本文采用球磨／热压工艺制备了Ni-Ti长纤维增强镁基复合材料。将镁合金切屑在无水乙醇的保护下进行球磨，XRD分析显示镁合金粉末经过球磨没有被氧化。热压后的NiTi纤维增强镁基复合材料密度十分接近镁合金铸态的密度值，经过球磨工艺的复合材料硬度明显提高。复合材料经OM和SEM分析发现基体组织均匀。纤维／基体界面结合较好。     

钛铝基复合材

日本大阪府立大学的金属间化合物研究小组开发出一种利用在氮气下的燃烧反应工艺而获得的高强度钛铝(TiAl)基复合材料。这种复合材料的最大特点是,钛与氮化铝的化合物(Ti_2AlN)在钛铝基体中形成微细纤维分散的复合组织。 通过氮化物的分散而使这种复合材料的屈服应     

钛纤维强化Ti－48Al－2Cr－2Nb合金复合材料性能与界面研究

用物理气相沉积法在钛纤维表面蒸镀一层厚约２．５μｍ的Ｙ２Ｏ３涂层，用真空热压工艺制备钛纤维强化Ｔｉ－４８Ａｌ－２Ｃｒ－２Ｎｂ钛铝化合物基复合材料。对该复合材料的力学性能、界面、组织进行了研究。结果表明：钛纤维强化Ｔｉ－４８Ａｌ－２Ｃｒ－２Ｎｂ合金复合材料的弯曲强度较基体Ｔｉ－４８Ａｌ－２Ｃｒ－２Ｎｂ合金提高了１５％，但弯曲挠度和弹性模量变化不大。靠近界面基体组织出现片层化倾向，纤维损耗严重，其界面反应厚度约２０μｍ。     

热压工艺对SiC纤维增强TB8复合材料组织影响研究

通过箔-纤维-箔法制备了SiC纤维增强TB8复合材料,采用光学电子显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电子探针(EPMA)对复合材料的微观组织进行表征与分析,研究了真空热压复合时压力、温度和时间工艺参数对SiC纤维增强TB8复合材料微观组织的影响规律。结果表明:压力对复合材料基体与基体以及纤维与基体的结合有着显著影响,而温度对纤维与基体界面反应层影响较大。通过热压工艺的优化,可以有效控制界面反应层厚度,获得组织优良的SiC f/TB8复合材料。     

带有晶粒细化剂的铝合金半固态铸造工艺

美国专利US7025113本方法是把钛基晶粒细化剂混合入亚共晶铝硅合金半固态浆料中,用以细化半固态浆料中的初晶铝。所涉及的专利工艺是把钛硼合金与亚共晶铝硅合金液混合,在半固态铸造中控制初晶铝相的形态尺寸和分布。本发明能使晶粒细化技术很好地应用于铝硅亚共晶合金的半固态铸造。     

SiC/Ti_3Al复合材料原位合成及其界面反应动力学研究

利用TC4,Al廉价材料,通过磁控溅射物理气相沉积技术制备SiC先驱丝,利用热等静压工艺,在温度1423 K,压力170 MPa条件下进行复合,反应时间为1 h,通过原位反应生成Ti3Al基体,从而制备SiC纤维增强Ti3Al基复合材料。通过扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)观察SiC纤维增强Ti3Al基复合材料基体与界面的微观组织形貌及界面元素分布,利用透射电镜(TEM)分析复合材料基体的物相结构,并对SiC纤维增强Ti3Al基复合材料的界面反应进行动力学分析。结果表明,利用TC4,Al制备的SiC先驱丝,通过原位反应可生成Ti3Al基体,属于六方晶系,组织为等轴晶,晶粒尺寸约为1μm。通过磁控溅射和热等静压工艺制备SiC纤维增强Ti3Al基复合材料,可缩短工艺流程,节约成本。根据SiC纤维增强Ti3Al基复合材料界面反应层生长动力学分析,得到界面反应层生长动力学方程:δ=2.73×10-6exp(-257.09×103/RT)t1/2,可准确预测连续碳化硅纤维增强Ti3Al基复合材料在制备和使用过程中界面反应层的生长规律,为其应用提供理论依据。     

Recycling of aluminum matric composites

Separation of matrix metals in composites was tried on alumina short fiber-reinforced aluminum and 6061 alloy composites and SiC whisker-reinforced 6061 alloy composite for recycling. It is possible to separate molten matrix metals from fibers in the composites using fluxes that are used for melt treatment to remove inclusions. About 50 vol pct of the matrix metals was separated from the alumina short fiber-reinforced composites. The separation ratio of the matrix from the SiC swisker-reinforced 6061 alloy composite was low and about 20 vol pct. The separation mechanism was discussed thermodynamically using interface free energies. Since the flux/fiber interface energy is smaller than the aluminum/fiber interface energy, the replacement of aluminum with fluxes in composites takes place easily. Gases released by the decomposition of fluxes act an important role in pushing out the molten matrix metal from the composite. The role was confirmed by the great amount cavity formed in the composite after the matrix metal flowed out.     

Recycling of aluminum matrix composites

Separation of matrix metals in composites was tried on alumina short fiber-reinforced aluminum and 6061 alloy composites and SiC whisker-reinforced 6061 alloy composite for recycling. It is possible to separate molten matrix metals from fibers in the composites using fluxes that are used for melt treatment to remove inclusions. About 50 vol pct of the matrix metals was separated from the alumina short fiber-reinforced composites. The separation ratio of the matrix from the SiC whisker-reinforced 6061 alloy composite was low and about 20 vol pct. The separation mechanism was discussed thermodynamically using interface free energies. Since the flux/fiber interface energy is smaller than the aluminum/fiber interface energy, the replacement of aluminum with fluxes in composites takes place easily. Gases released by the decomposition of fluxes act an important role in pushing out the molten matrix metal from the composite. The role was confirmed by the great amount cavity formed in the composite after the matrix metal flowed out.     

Reaction Kinetics at the Fiber/Matrix Interface of SiC<Subscript>f</Subscript>/Ti–15–3 Composites

In the current research work, spark plasma consolidated beta-titanium alloy Ti–15V–3Cr–3Al–3Sn composites reinforced with SiC fibers (Sigma SM1240) were subjected to high temperatures (1173, 1223 and 1273 K) for different time periods (2.7, 11, 25 and 44 h) to investigate the kinetics of the chemical reactions at the fiber/matrix interface. Through microstructural studies and room temperature tensile tests, we have attempted to study the effect of the formed brittle reaction zone on the final mechanical properties of the composite. We have observed that, prior to the SiC fiber, the protective carbon coating reacts with the matrix and results in the formation of a reaction zone (predominantly TiC) at the fiber/matrix interface. The reaction zone propagates into the matrix with increase in time at the expense of the carbon coating, and finally ends with the onset of titanium silicide reaction. The reaction kinetics at the fiber/matrix interface was predominantly controlled by diffusion of carbon through the reaction zone and the activation energy for the same was calculated to be 149 kJ/mol. It was clear from the tensile test results that the mechanical properties of the composites do not earnestly decrease until the commencement of titanium silicide reaction.     

Monotonic and fatigue deformation of Ni-W directionally solidified eutectic

Unlike many eutectic composites, the Ni-W eutectic exhibits extensive ductility by slip. Furthermore, its properties may be greatly varied by proper heat treatments. Here results of studies of deformation in both monotonic and fatigue loading are reported. During monotonie deformation the fiber /matrix interface acts as a source of dislocations at low strains and an obstacle to matrix slip at higher strains. Deforming the quenched-plus-aged eutectic causes planar matrix slip, with the result that matrix slip bands create stress concentrations in the fibers at low strains. The aged eutectic reaches generally higher stress levels for comparable strains than does the as-quenched eutectic, and the failure strains decrease with increasing aging times. For the composites tested in fatigue, the aged eutectic has better high-stress fatigue resistance than the as-quenched material, but for low-stress, high-cycle fatigue their cycles to failure are nearly the same. However, both crack initiation and crack propagation are different in the two conditions, so the coincidence in high-cycle fatigue is probably fortuitous. The effect of matrix strength on composite performance is not simple, since changes in strength may be accompanied by alterations in slip modes and failure processes.     

Monotonic and fatigue deformation of Ni-W directionally solidified eutectic

Unlike many eutectic composites, the Ni-W eutectic exhibits extensive ductility by slip. Furthermore, its properties may be greatly varied by proper heat treatments. Here results of studies of deformation in both monotonic and fatigue loading are reported. During monotonie deformation the fiber /matrix interface acts as a source of dislocations at low strains and an obstacle to matrix slip at higher strains. Deforming the quenched-plus-aged eutectic causes planar matrix slip, with the result that matrix slip bands create stress concentrations in the fibers at low strains. The aged eutectic reaches generally higher stress levels for comparable strains than does the as-quenched eutectic, and the failure strains decrease with increasing aging times. For the composites tested in fatigue, the aged eutectic has better high-stress fatigue resistance than the as-quenched material, but for low-stress, high-cycle fatigue their cycles to failure are nearly the same. However, both crack initiation and crack propagation are different in the two conditions, so the coincidence in high-cycle fatigue is probably fortuitous. The effect of matrix strength on composite performance is not simple, since changes in strength may be accompanied by alterations in slip modes and failure processes.     

碳纳米管增强Cu基和Al基复合材料界面改性

在碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes,CNTs)增强Cu基和Al基复合材料的制备中,界面改性是提高复合材料性能的重要方法。金属基体和碳纳米管间的有效界面结合直接影响了复合材料中界面的载荷传递、导电以及导热性能,从而影响复合材料性能。本文综述了近几年碳纳米管增强Cu基和Al基复合材料界面改性的工艺方法,讨论了界面改性工艺对碳纳米管增强Cu基和Al基复合材料界面结构和性能的影响。     

Coarsening of eutectic fiber composites during cooling from the eutectic temperature

Coarsening and microstructural changes, which occur on cooling from the eutectic temperature, were experimentally studied in Al-Al₃Ni eutectic fiber composites solidified at rates of 0.8, 5.0 and 32.5 cm per h. At the two higher growth rates, changes in fiber density on the order of 10 pct were observed between the solid-liquid interface and positions 2.0 cm from the interface. At the low growth rate the surface roughness of the as-grown fiber was noticeably decreased during cooling from the eutectic temperature. Theoretical expressions relating the change in average fiber radius or fiber density as a function of position were developed in terms of the solidification conditions, growth rate and temperature gradient, as well as the usual kinetic and thermodynamic factors influencing coarsening. The model was combined with independently obtained isothermal coarsening data to compare the experimentally observed extent of coarsening with that predicted. The pre-dictions of the model agreed qualitatively with the data on the effect of growth rate on coarsening, but the absolute extent of coarsening was greater than that predicted from the isothermal studies.     

Effect of Rare Earth on Superplasticity of Zn—5Al Eutectic Alloy

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Control of interfacial reactions during liquid phase processing of aluminum matrix composites reinforced with INCONEL 601 fibers

A comprehensive investigation is made of the parameters affecting the extent of interface reactions during squeeze casting of composites consisting of a matrix of either pure Al or alloy AS13 reinforced with fibers of INCONEL 601. The process parameters are the preform thickness and temperature, the fiber volume fraction, the temperature and mass of the liquid metal, and the temperature of the die. Adjustment of these process parameters made possible the full control of reactions. It is found that reactions proceed mainly in the solid state after decomposition of the oxide barrier layer covering the fibers. A simple kinetic model is developed that enlightens the role of this barrier layer. No trace of reaction could be detected in composites processed using preoxidized preforms. Alloying Al with Si also induces a drastic reduction of reactivity. The high ductility of the composites attests to the processing quality. An original procedure is proposed for measuring the activation energy for initiation of reactions by differential thermal analysis.