基于三剪统一强度准则的厚壁圆筒自增强分析

基于三剪统一强度准则,考虑材料应变强化效应、包辛格效应、拉压异性及中间主应力的影响,采用双线性强化材料模型对厚壁圆筒进行自增强分析,得到了厚壁圆筒加载应力、残余应力和工作应力的解析解,提出了最佳自增强压力的计算方法,探讨了拉压比、强度准则变化参数的影响,比较了自增强处理和非自增强处理及双线性强化模型和理想弹塑性模型厚壁圆筒的应力分布差异。研究结果表明：厚壁圆筒的最佳自增强压力随半径比和强度准则参数的增大而增大;工作时的最大等效应力随半径比和强度理论参数的增大而减小,随拉压比的增大而增大;自增强等效应力的最大值在弹塑性分界面处,且应力沿壁厚的分布较均匀;与理想弹塑性模型相比,双线性强化模型所对应的弹塑性分界面半径和残余应力较小,且随着自增强压力的增大,两种模型的差值越来越大;等效应力随半径比的变化规律可为厚壁圆筒选择合理的壁厚提供一定的参考;自增强技术可改善厚壁圆筒工作时的实际应力分布,提高其极限承载能力。     

外压自增强圆筒的设计计算方法

基于特雷斯卡(Tresca)屈服条件,在导出外压圆筒弹-塑性应力解析解的基础上,建立了外压自增强圆筒基本理论,进而提出了相应的设计计算方法。结果表明,虽然外压圆筒的弹性及弹-塑性应力解析解与内压圆筒不同,自增强处理后的残余应力也不同,但外压与内压圆筒的残余应力的当量应力、操作压力引起的弹性应力的当量应力、总应力的当量应力及弹-塑性应力的当量应力均相等,从而导致外压圆筒自增强与内压圆筒自增强的许多结果在形式上一样。     

用实验—有限元法确定圆环中残余应力的分布

1 简介为提高高压圆筒的承载能力和疲劳强度,常采用自增强处理工艺,使简体内壁产生残余压应力。残余应力的无损检测方法有X射线法、磁测法、超声法等。X射线法和磁测法只能测定试件表面一薄层材料的残余应力,超声法也只能测定简单应力状态的构件(如螺栓的轴向拉力),而对于象厚壁圆筒经自增强处理后的残余应力,用该法测定十分困难。残余应力的     

复合超高压容器主要参数对其承压能力的影响

针对缩套后自增强处理的复合超高压容器残余应力解析解难以建立的问题,利用开发的双层缩套筒参数化接触有限元模型对复合筒的缩套过程、自增强加载过程和卸载过程进行有限元仿真.基于双线性随动硬化模型及米赛斯屈服准则,研究了主要参数缩套过盈量、缩套半径和径比(外径与内径之比)对筒体内残余应力分布规律及最大弹性承压能力的影响.结果表明:双层缩套自增强容器最优过盈量和最优缩套半径与双层缩套圆筒相同;在相同自增强压力下,与单层筒相比,双层缩套筒的弹性承压能力并无明显的提高.     

热预应力自增强厚壁圆筒研究

厚壁圆筒自增强处理技术的关键在于预应力。传统的自增强处理技术采用的是机械预应力方法,即在圆筒投入使用前,对其施加超过操作压力的自增强压力,使之获得残余预应力。考虑到厚壁圆筒内、外壁存在温差时,筒壁中有热应力产生,因此针对厚壁圆筒自增强问题,提出了以热应力作为预应力的自增强技术。具体研究了圆筒壁厚、温差等对热应力与总应力(热应力与操作应力的叠加)的影响、热应力与总应力的变化趋势、各种参数间的约束条件;在分析热应力与总应力特性的基础上,得出最佳设计条件,提出了基于第四强度理论的热预应力自增强厚壁圆筒的设计方法。结果表明,热预应力能有效地降低和均化厚壁圆筒的操作应力;按照所提出的设计方法,在确保圆筒安全的前提下,可使圆筒获得最大的承载能力和最小的壁厚。     

自增强内锥圆筒压力容器的弹塑性应力分析

根据材料的实际性能实验得出了高强度的混合硬化模型,对自增强厚壁内锥圆筒组合式压力容器加载时的应力奕变和卸载后的残余应力应变,建立了非线性边界无限制的计算格式,得到了这种类型的压力容器沿径向和轴向的应力场,并通过超高压自增强实验与有限元计算进行了验证。     

自增强液压缸缸筒理论计算与仿真分析

基于Mises塑流条件、有限元理论、Lame公式对自增强厚壁圆筒进行分析,得到加载应力、卸载应力、残余应力及工作应力的解析解,并推导出弹塑性界面半径公式。为了验证理论公式的准确性,首先借助有限元分析软件ANSYS,建立了1/4径向横截面的平面应变轴对称自增强厚壁圆筒的结构模型,然后模拟了模型在加载、卸载、工作工况下缸筒壁应力的分布情况,最后从ANSYS中提取仿真数据到MATLAB进行数值模拟计算,通过有限元分析与理论计算,证明理论推导得出的自增强缸筒应力解析解与仿真分析结果是相符的。     

含缺陷自增强厚壁圆筒塑性极限载荷分析

基于有限元理论,建立内壁含椭球形凹坑的厚壁圆筒有限元模型,模拟厚壁圆筒自增强过程的应力应变。采用三种不同的方法计算含凹坑缺陷的自增强厚壁圆筒的结构极限载荷,给出不同尺寸缺陷对极限载荷的影响规律。通过对比自增强与非增强条件下的极限载荷,表明自增强技术不能有效提高厚壁圆筒的极限承载能力,但在结构极限载荷下,含凹坑缺陷的自增强厚壁圆筒存在一个缺陷尺寸相对不敏感区,对提高结构的安全性是有利的。     

厚壁圆筒自增强压力的优化分析

采用考虑材料应变强化效应和包辛格效应的双线性材料模型,建立了厚壁圆筒自增强理论模型。基于工作时的等效应力及周向应力,提出了最佳自增强压力的评定方法并给出了理论求解过程。采用有限元软件对自增强厚壁圆筒涉及的三个加载过程进行模拟分析,模拟结果与理论计算结果相吻合。由模拟结果得到了厚壁圆筒工作时的最大等效应力和最大周向应力与自增强压力的关系曲线,并采用直接加权组合法进行优化,得到了最佳自增强压力。研究结果为厚壁圆筒最佳自增强压力的求解提供了新思路,具有一定的工程意义。     

纵-扭复合振动超声深滚加工残余应力场数值分析

为研究平面试件在纵-扭复合振动超声深滚加工后材料应力分布及变化规律,采用有限元方法对Q345钢进行了纵-扭复合振动超声深滚加工残余应力场数值模拟。首先分析了加工后试件材料各应力分量沿深度方向的分布情况,然后研究了静压力、滚压速度、振幅和相位差对加工后材料残余应力的影响规律。结果表明:经纵-扭复合振动超声深滚加工后材料表层残余应力分布较均匀,表面为压应力,压应力沿试件深度方向先增后减;试件最大残余压应力及最大横向残余压应力深度和残余压应力层深度随静压力的增大而增大,随滚压速度的增大而减小,而表面残余压应力和最大纵向残余压应力深度无显著变化;试件横向残余压应力层深度随振幅的增加小幅度地增大,但最大残余压应力幅值和深度和纵向残余压应力层深度几无变化;相位差对残余应力影响可忽略不计。     

Autofrettage process analysis of a compound cylinder based on the elastic-perfectly plastic and strain hardening stress-strain curve

The autofrettage process enhances the carrying capacity and fatigue lifetime of pressure vessels by increasing their residual stress. A compound cylinder was introduced in order to increase residual stress. An autofrettaged compound cylinder can resist a higher pressure than a single cylinder having the same dimension. This residual stress can be measured through experimental or calculation processes. In this study, residual stress analysis of an autofrettaged compound cylinder was conducted. The elastic-perfectly plastic and strain hardening models were investigated. The residual stress distribution of the autofrettaged compound cylinder with shrink fit tolerance was predicted. Shrink fit is a very efficient way to extend compressive residual stress. The compressive residual stress of the strain-hardening model is smaller than that of the elastic-perfectly plastic model because of the Bauschinger effect. The compressive residual stress of the strain hardening model decreased by up to 80% overstrain level.     

A residual stress analysis program using a Matlab GUI on an autofrettaged compound cylinder

A program for the residual stress analysis of an autofrettaged compound cylinder is designed using a Matlab graphical user interface (GUI) and program design technique. The high-pressure vessels are autofrettaged in order to increase their operating pressure and fatigue life. An autofrettage process causes plastic expansion of the inner section of the cylinder, adding residual compressive stress to the bore after relaxation. Such a compound cylinder is produced via a shrink-fit procedure that incorporates a monobloc tube that has previously undergone autofrettage. This paper presents a simple and visual tool to calculate the residual stress and describe the distribution of residual stress for both the elastic-perfectly plastic model and the strain-hardening model.     

Effect of optimum plastic depth on stresses and load-bearing capacity of autofrettaged cylinder

Autofrettage is an effective measure to even distribution of stresses and raise load-bearing capacity for (ultra-)high pressure apparatus. Currently, the research on autofrettage has focused mostly on specific engineering problems, while general theoretical study is rarely done. To discover the general law contained in autofrettage theory, by the aid of the authors’ previous work and according to the third strength theory, theoretical problems about autofrettage are studied including residual stresses and their equivalent stress, total stresses and their equivalent stress, etc. Because of the equation of optimum depth of plastic zone which is presented in the authors’ previous work, the equations for the residual stresses and their equivalent stress as well as the total stress and their equivalent stress are simplified greatly. Thus the law of distribution of the residual stresses and their equivalent stress as well as the total stress and their equivalent stress and the varying tendency of these stresses are discovered. The relation among various parameters are revealed. The safe and optimum load-bearing conditions for cylinders are obtained. According to the results obtained by theoretical analysis, it is shown that if the two parameters, namely ratio of outside to inside radius, k, and depth of plastic zone, kj, meet the equation of optimum depth of plastic zone, when the pressure contained in an autofrettaged cylinder is lower than two times the initial yield pressure of the unautofrettaged cylinder, the equivalent residual stress and the equivalent total stress at the inside surface as well as the elastic-plastic juncture of a cylinder are lower than yield strength. When an autofrettaged cylinder is subjected to just two times the initial yield pressure of the unautofrettaged cylinder, the equivalent total stress within the whole plastic zone is just identically equal to the yield strength, or it is a constant. The proposed research theoretically depicts the stress state of ultra-)high pressure autofrettaged cylinder more accurately and more reasonably and provides the reference for design of (ultra-)high pressure apparatus.     

自增强疲劳寿命的理论分析

自增强处理是化工、石油行业提高高压设备承载能力和疲劳寿命的重要举措。文中利用断裂力学理论和疲劳损伤理论,探讨研究了自增强处理后残余应力对高压设备寿命的影响,得出引入残余压应力能提高高压设备寿命的结论,对今后在自增强处理方面的实验与理论研究具有指导意义。     

Analysis on autofrettage of cylinders

Autofrettage is an effective technique to improve load-bearing capacity and safety for pressure vessels.For autofrettaged cylinder,the depth of plastic zone,or overstrain is a key factor which affects load-bearing capacity and safety.The previous research on overstrain was not done in terms of the point of view of raising load-bearing capacity as far as possible and simultaneously avoiding compressive yield for cylinders experiencing autofrettage handling,and there were no analytic solutions of autofrettage in the above view point presented,the 3rd and 4th strength theories were not applied synthetically in the research to compare the results from these two theories.In this paper,with the aid of the analytic method,based on summing up the authors’ previous research,results from autofrettage of a cylinder based on the 3rd and 4th strength theories are studied and compared,and the laws contained in the results are looked into.Then,the essential cause and reason for the obtained laws are analyzed and the inherent and meaning relations between various parameters in autofrettage theory are revealed.It is shown that the maximum radius ratio for equivalent residual stress at inside surface never exceeds the yield strength even for a cylinder experiencing wholly yielded autofrettage,or the critical radius ratio is kc=2.218 457 489 916 7…,irrespective of the 3rd or 4th strength theories.The equation relating the depth of plastic zone with the thickness of a cylinder is identical for the 3rd and 4th strength theories.In form,the optimum load-bearing capacity of an autofrettaged cylinder is two times the initial yield pressure of the unautofrettaged cylinder irrespective of the 3rd or 4th strength theory.The revealed inherent relations between various parameters and varying laws of the parameters as well as the forms of the relations under the 3rd and 4th strength theories not only have theoretical meanings but also have prospects in engineering application.     

Residual stress analysis of an external grooved thick-walled pressure vessel

Residual stress analysis of an autofrettaged thick-walled pressure vessel containing an external groove was described in order to calculate the stress concentration at the external groove. The autofrettage residual stress distributions of the external grooved thick-walled pressure vessel were simulated using an equivalent thermal loading from the analogy of thermal and autofrettage residual stress fields. Thermal stresses due to the simulated thermal loadings for various degrees of autofrettage overstrain level were computed using finite element methods. Very high stress concentration factors due to autofrettage loadings were obtained at the external groove root that contained a sharp root radius. Experimental measurement of residual stresses for a fully autofrettaged smooth thick-walled pressure vessel using an equivalent saw cut method resulted in very close agreement with the theoretical autofrettage residual stress distributions. The stress analysis results implied that the autofrettage residual stress concentration might cause a cracking problem at the external groove root of the thick-walled pressure vessel, indicating that lower autofrettage overstrain and a groove geometry change were desirable for enhanced durability.     

超高压缸自紧增强实验研究

对超高压缸的内应力进行了理论分析,采用液压机直压的方法对超高压缸进行了疲劳实验.实验结果表明,在试验条件下,采用外内径的比值为2.25、材料为40Cr、经过自紧处理的超高压缸在承受相同压力条件下缸体的壁厚最小,疲劳寿命最长.本研究对减少水射流机床超高压缸体壁厚、延长超高压缸寿命具有重要意义.     

泵阀箱材质自增强与疲劳强度研究

以内壁带“Ｖ”型缺口的厚壁圆环为对象,对两种高压泵阀箱常用钢４３ＣｒＮｉ２ＭｏＶａ、４２ＣｒＭｏＡ在自增强处理前后的疲劳寿命进行了理论分析与实验研究。首先用弹塑性有限元法计算了自增强后所形成的残余应力,发现自增强处理后在缺口根部所形成的残余应力有一最大值,有明显的残余应集中现象。     

超高压反应管残余应力测试研究

对某公司存放15年的超高压自增强反应管备管的残余应力进行了理论计算和试验测试,采用镗削法测定了自增强超高压反应管的残余应力值,根据M ises变形能量理论推导出残余应力的计算公式,计算出自增强处理后的超高压反应管的残余应力。