一种可外同步应用的CMOS弛张振荡器

设计了一种输出频率稳定,调频范围宽,且可外同步应用的弛张振荡器电路。针对传统弛张振荡器线性控制能力和频率抖动间的矛盾,对二者合理折中,通过对幅值控制电路电平检测速度的调整,在实现较高控制线性度的同时,抑制了频率失真。给出了整体设计电路和外同步原理。HSPICE仿真结果显示,振荡器输出频率稳定,且有较宽的外同步频率范围。     

偶数级差分环形振荡器的稳定平衡态分析

与具有奇数增益级的差分环形振荡器不同,偶数级振荡器除了具有能够起振的非稳定平衡态,还有可能在起振前处于一种稳定平衡状态从而使电路锁定不能起振。该文主要分析了这种稳定平衡状态存在的原理,同时为了避免振荡器设计中的这种风险,提出了一种振荡器起振电路,使得电路在起振前处于接近非稳定平衡态的状态,从而能够快速起振。在0.13 m 1P8M 标准CMOS工艺下流片实现的4级差分环形压控振荡器(VCO)及其改进版本很好地验证了该文提出的理论和解决方法。经测试发现,第1款不带起振电路的4级VCO芯片锁定于稳定平衡态,不能起振;两种改进版本3级VCO和带起振电路的4级VCO都能够正常输出振荡信号。     

具有自动稳幅功能的软激励C类大功率射频振荡器

介绍了一种具有自动稳幅功能的软激励C类大功率射频振荡器。大功率射频振荡器已经广泛应用于电力电子、射频电源、低温等离子体、高频感应加热等领域。该大功率射频振荡器能够输出较高的输出电压和输出功率,并且通过对输出电压采样控制MOS管的静态工作点,稳定输出电压;另外,该设计电路起振时工作在AB类状态,稳定工作时在自动稳幅电路的作用下进入C类工作状态,实现了C类射频振荡器的软激励。最后通过仿真和实物电路测试了电路性能,并给出了振荡器输出电压、输出功率与MOS管工作状态关系的经验公式。     

基于EWB文氏电桥振荡电路的仿真

为了验证文氏电桥振荡器的幅度起振条件和稳幅条件,依据该电路的振荡原理,阐述了EWB仿真软件的特点及功能,并运用EWB仿真软件对文氏电桥振荡电路的起振和稳幅过程进行了仿真。结果表明,与理论分析结果一致,该仿真实验弥补了理论教学和实验资源的不足,成为现行实验的一种补充。     

一种低相位噪声CMOS晶体振荡器的设计

运用小信号等效模型和负阻分析法,对晶体振荡器的起振条件进行分析,并用Matlab进行了仿真验证。采用TSMC 0.18μm CMOS工艺,设计了一种基于Pierce三点式振荡器结构的14MHz晶体振荡电路。提出了一种新的幅度控制电路,提高了振荡器相位噪声性能,并降低了功耗。仿真结果表明,振荡器的相位噪声达到-129.5dBc/Hz@1kHz和-143.658dBc/Hz@10kHz,具有优良的低相位噪声特性。     

施密特触发器环形振荡器电路设计

本文基于施密特触发器改进了用于电源管理芯片中的环形振荡器电路,首先分析了环形振荡器的起振原理及稳幅条件,通过计算设计了5级反相器的环形振荡器的架构,然后设计施密特触发器净化电源电压及温度等因素引起的噪声,仿真结果表明,设计的施密特触发器具有较好的传输特性,环形振荡器能稳定输出599kHz的振荡波形,其上升时间3.96ns,下降时间1.40ns,周期1.69us,改进后的电路具有较好的稳定性和精度,能满足电源管理芯片的应用需求。     

具有稳定工作状态的无线接收用超再生振荡器

介绍了一种用于无线接收机的具有稳定工作状态的超再生振荡器.这一超再生振荡器的起振时间被由超再生振荡器、高效率包络检波器和高精度电荷泵等构成的类似于锁相环的环路锁定在某一固定状态上.文中建立了环路的离散模型,分析了环路的稳定性,并介绍了主要的模块电路.该振荡器采用0.5μm CMOS工艺实现,工作在315MHz/433MHz的工业、科学和医药(ISM)频率段,电源电压为2.5～5.5V测试结果显示,振荡器的起振时间与工艺、温度、工作频率和电源电压等无关.     

具有稳定工作状态的无线接收用超再生振荡器

介绍了一种用于无线接收机的具有稳定工作状态的超再生振荡器.这一超再生振荡器的起振时间被由超再生振荡器、高效率包络检波器和高精度电荷泵等构成的类似于锁相环的环路锁定在某一固定状态上.文中建立了环路的离散模型,分析了环路的稳定性,并介绍了主要的模块电路.该振荡器采用0.5μm CMOS工艺实现,工作在315MHz/433MHz的工业、科学和医药(ISM)频率段,电源电压为2.5～5.5V测试结果显示,振荡器的起振时间与工艺、温度、工作频率和电源电压等无关.     

变压器耦合LC正弦波振荡器的分析

在高频电子线路的教学中,变压器耦合反馈振荡器是LC正弦波振荡器中的重要内容。本文以常用的瞬时极性法分析了变压器耦合振荡电路的相位起振条件,以环路增益T的形式推导了振荡器的振幅起振条件,从而清晰地阐述了振荡器的工作原理,振幅起振条件及振荡频率与电路中各参数的关系。     

555定时器的典型应用及OrCAD／PSpice仿真

分析了555定时器内部结构及其工作原理,利用OrCAD/PSpice对555定时器构成的单稳态触发器、施密特触发器和多谐振荡器的工作特性进行了仿真,针对仿真过程中多谐振荡器不起振的问题进行了分析,找出了两种振荡电路的有效起振方法,结果表明仿真结果与理论计算值基本相符,对555定时器的综合设计应用具有一定的参考意义.     

Nonlinear Shaping SC Oscillator With Enhanced Linearity

A nonlinear shaping technique for a switched-capacitor (SC) bandpass filter (BPF) based oscillator yielding enhanced linearity is presented. Usually, for an SC oscillator consisting of a BPF and a two-level comparator, the linearity can only be improved by increasing the quality factor (-factor) of the BPF. This paper proposes an efficient way to improve the linearity of SC BPF-based oscillators. In particular, by replacing the conventional two-level comparator by a sound multilevel comparator, a nonlinear shaping of the signal at the output of the comparator causes a significant improvement in linearity. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, one conventional SC BPF-based oscillator and the proposed oscillator have been designed and fabricated in a standard 0.35- CMOS technology. Each oscillator was designed to operate from a 1.65 V supply voltage and a master clock frequency of 80 MHz. The oscillation frequency is 10 MHz and the -factor of the BPF is 10. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme improves the third-order harmonic distortion by 20 dB with respect to the conventional SC BPF-based oscillator.     

Effect of Process Mismatches on Integrated CMOS Phased Arrays Based on Multiphase Tuned Ring Oscillators

Tuned ring oscillators are used to generate multiple phases of a sinusoid for a variety of applications including phased- array transceivers and clock and data recovery circuits. A variable-phase ring oscillator (VPRO) is presented that generates outputs with a controllable phase progression, enabling its use in a compact low-power single-chip phased-array transceiver architecture. The VPRO functionality is shown to be robust with respect to process and layout mismatches. This enables the implementation of integrated phased arrays with acceptable array performance even in the absence of mismatch calibration circuitry, which are essential in other phase-shifterless schemes such as coupled oscillator arrays. A prototype 24-GHz four-channel single-chip phased-array transceiver implemented in a 0.13-mum CMOS process is presented to validate these claims.     

Designer's Casebook-compact detector stabilized LCoscillators

An averaging or peak-voltage detector is generally incorporated in an RC oscillator for stabilizing its amplitude. Corresponding circuitry for an LC oscillator, however, is usually cumbersome because it requires two LC circuits tuned to the same frequency. An amplifying circuit that operates as a linear current divider for LC oscillators to overcome this problem is presented     

MMIC 14-GHz VCO and Miller Frequency Divider for Low-Noise Local Oscillators

An MMIC voltage-controlled oscillator and an MMIC frequency divider are developed and applied to a 14-GHz low-noise local oscillator. To obtain both wide tuning range and low pulling figure, the source-follower FET circuit is used in the voltage-controlled oscillator. A wide-band balanced mixer and a filtering amplifier are integrated in a single chip and constitute the Miller frequency divider. -The MMIC's were assembled into a 14-GHz phase-locked loop in order to demonstrate that they will operate as key components of low-noise oscillators. It is shown experimentally that even for low-Q MMIC circuitry, the carrier noise of the oscillator is reduced enough for practical purposes such as space-borne heterodyne receivers, transmitters, and radio repeaters in Ku-band satellite communication systems. Thus, prospects are bright for development of single-chip microwave low-noise oscillators.     

Electronically tunable multiphase sinusoidal oscillator using translinear current conveyors

A new electronically tunable current-mode multiphase sinusoidal oscillator based on translinear current conveyors is presented. The proposed oscillator circuit, which employs only one translinear current conveyor and one grounded capacitor for each phase, can generate arbitrary N output current equal-amplitude signals that are equally spaced in phase (N being even or odd), all at high output impedance terminals. The frequency of oscillation and the condition of oscillation can be controlled electronically and independently through the bias current of the translinear current conveyor. The proposed structure also has simple circuitry, low-component count, and is highly suitable for integrated circuit implementation. The theoretical results were verified by PSPICE simulation. In addition, the modification of the N sinusoidal oscillators to construct a programmable multiphase oscillator is also discussed.     

寄生不灵敏的开关电容三相振荡器

本文提出并讨论了两种使用开关电容技术设计振荡器的新方法。设计出的振荡器产生三相对称正弦信号,在通信、信号处理等领域有广泛应用。本文使用了两类RC振荡器作为模拟振荡器原型:一类是SD振荡器,另一类是三状态变量振荡器。由此实现的SC振荡器均易于集成,其振荡频率与时钟频率的关系是线性的,并具有电路特性对寄生电容不灵敏,电容比较小的显著特点。文中给出了比较结果和实验结果。实验结果与理论值相符。     

Micromechanical oscillator circuits: theory and analysis

In this paper, detailed theoretical analysis of micromechanical Transresistance oscillator is presented. Analytical expressions are derived for the frequency pulling, critical transimpedance, maximum negative resistance, and start-up time constant of the Transresistance oscillator circuit which are useful for the design of micromechanical oscillators. These results are then used to study the frequency stability of Transresistance oscillator circuit and compare its operating conditions with that of the Pierce oscillator circuit which is widely used in micromechanical oscillators. The results conclusively show that the Transresistance oscillator has less start-up problems and better frequency stability than the Pierce oscillator. These results are then verified with a well-established circuit theory that compares the phase-frequency plots of the Pierce and Transresistance oscillator.     

Wide-Band Varactor-tuned Coaxial Oscillators

An experimental investigation into the effects of package and circuit reactances on wide-band varactor-tuned oscillators is described. The results are used to design an X-band Gunn coaxial oscillator with a tuning range in excess of 3 GHz. It is shown that the stray reactance, junction capacitance, and bond-wire inductance affect the varactor tuning characteristics. The characteristics are conveniently displayed by the reflection phase variation with tuning voltage and frequency. A general theory for wide-band varactor-tuned oscillators is presented which is related to the impedance characteristics. These results are used to design three coaxial varactor-tuned oscillators. The first two oscillators are series arrangements while the third oscillator is a parallel arrangement. A simple circuit technique is used to improve the tuning range of each arrangement. This technique is shown to increase the coupling to the varactor diode and decrease the oscillator Q by reactance compensation.     

RC oscillators with oscillation frequency independent of the op.-amp. gain-bandwidth product

Applying the determining equation proposed by Chua and Tang (1982), a frequency sensitivity problem in RC op.-amp. based oscillators is considered. A new expression for the sensitivity of oscillation frequency, ω_o, to changes in any oscillator parameter is developed. Then, the condition for this frequency to be insensitive to changes in the gain-bandwidth products (GB) of the op.-amp. used in the oscillator is formulated. Examples of two circuits exhibiting a zero sensitivity of ω_o to the GB changes (a very desirable feature) are presented. The first example represents oscillators with a single op.-amp. whose slew-rate effect is the only oscillator non-linearity. The second example concerns oscillators with a so-called composite amplifier where non-linear elements included in the oscillator feedback network are responsible for amplitude stabilization.     

Transmission-line stabilized monolithic oscillators

A novel technique for frequency stabilization and phase-noise reduction of monolithic oscillators is presented in this paper. It employs simple transmission-line resonators, which are many wavelengths long to increase the oscillator quality factor. Monolithic oscillators at 20 and 40 GHz are realized for the application of this technique. Phase noise reduction of more than 20 dB was achieved for both oscillators. The single-sideband phase noise obtained was -100 dBc/Hz at 100-kHz offset for the 20-GHz oscillator and -90 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset for the 40-GHz oscillator. The approach is implemented by using readily available transmission lines, which are open- or short-circuited at one end and connected to the monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit (MMIC) oscillator at the other end. Thus, it presents significant potential in the development of low-cost MMIC oscillators with enhanced noise performance