AVO分析中的剩余时差校正

在进行AVO分析时,由于速度误差的影响,CDP道集的反射波经动校正后的同相轴仍有扭曲现象,即存在着剩余时差,对AVO分析有很大影响。为此,本文采用地震资料处理中的统计方法,分层位开时窗,分别统计各层各道的剩余静校正量,然后再作纵向内插,进行变时、空静校正处理,消除了这种剩余时差。算例表明,经剩余时差校正处理后的CDP道集,可提高AVO分析的精度。     

三维三分量地震资料试处理

钱家营煤矿三维三分量地震勘探工区的地面及地下地质条件复杂、干扰波严重 ,增加了资料处理的难度。本文所述的处理使用了自行编制的模块 ,包括抽CCP道集、转换波速度分析及动校正和转换波静校正。在整个转换波资料处理中 ,特别注重振幅保真处理 ,不采用破坏振幅特征较强的去噪手段 ;检波点静校正考虑到射线传播的非对称路径 ;动校正采用的叠加速度谱密度为 10 0m× 10 0m ,空间速度场进行了平滑 ;偏移采用全波方程实现 ,所用速度是纵波与转换波偏移速度的最佳耦合速度。处理结果表明 ,剖面整体质量可满足解释要求     

用叠前振幅检测陆上气藏的初步尝试

DZW地区为陆相砂泥岩沉积地层。因该区地质构造比较简单,地层分布较为稳定,所以有利于用AVO技术检测气层。首先应用Shuey方程进行单界面AVO模型正演,获得一套不同参数情况下反射系数与入射角的关系曲线。当砂岩和盖层泥岩的泊松比值相差不大时,砂岩含水时的反射系数随入射角的增大而增大不明显,砂岩含气时的反射系数随入射角的增大而明显增大。在AVO资料处理中,要尽可能排除各种地表因素对反射振幅的影响和获得准确的动校正速度。为此,需作地表一致性反褶积、地表一致性剩余静校正、地表一致性振幅处理和两次速度分析。在此基础上用角度道扫描方法确定AVO分析的角度道范围,形成角度道的叠加道道集。根据角度道道集,并结合其它资料,圈定了W21井处的含气层范围,预测了三块可能含气区。     

潜北断裂带三维连片处理方法研究

对潜北断裂带不同年代的三维地震资料进行分析 ,采用三维面元均化 三维一致性处理 三维地表一致性反褶积 三维速度分析 三维地表一致性剩余静校正 三维一步法偏移及三维去噪等全三维处理方法对该区资料进行三维连片处理 ,总结出适合该区的三维连片处理方法和流程 ,实际应用取得了明显效果     

利用AVO技术检测杭州湾地区第四系浅层生物气

杭州湾地区第四系覆盖区蕴藏着丰富的浅层生物气资源,气藏最大特点是埋藏浅、分布广、丰度低、规模小。文中对埋深大于60m的浅层气藏进行了浅层二维高分辨率地震AVO分析,AVO分析的实质就是分析地震反射系数随入射角的变化。为了提高AVO分析的勘探效果,针对工区的地理、地震地质条件,在野外采集和资料处理中采用了以下措施:①采用改变观测系统的办法以减少跳炮现象。②资料处理中采取了初至折射波静校正和地表一致性剩余静校正;进行了细致的速度分析和真振幅恢复(TAR)处理;针对地层较平缓的特点,采用差分偏移。③在常规处理的基础上,进一步采取真振幅、地表一致性和去噪等处理手段。通过对工区7条新测线的角道集剖面进行细致的对比解释,并结合AVO属性剖面进行综合解释,发现了多处AVO异常,其与非地震物化探资料(如静电α法、遥感资料解释、微生物勘探资料)所反映的含气情况一致,证明文中所提方法是检测第四系浅层生物气的有效手段。     

伊通盆地莫里青断陷宽方位三维地震资料处理

为了提高基岩成像质量和基岩潜山裂缝预测精度,吉林油田在伊通盆地莫里青断陷实施了宽方位地震数据的采集、处理。采用GeoEast处理系统,除了静校正、去噪、振幅补偿、反褶积、剩余静校正等常规处理以外,还利用其特色的OVT域宽方位处理技术,获取了成像效果更好、具有方位角信息的叠前时间偏移处理成果。OVT处理成果分析表明,该成果为后续裂缝预测和储层反演提供了更精确的方位各向异性信息及更高质量的偏移道集,实用效果显著。     

一种基于SC-DTW的叠前道集剩余时差校正方法

地下介质通常具有各向异性和非均质性,导致常规速度分析及动、静校正难以拉平地震同相轴,常规处理后的地震道集仍然存在剩余时差,这是AVO属性分析和叠前反演常遇到的难题。基于形状上下文(SC)和动态时间规整(DTW),提出了一种新的叠前道集剩余时差校正方法,并对该方法进行数值模拟和实例分析验证。结果表明:基于SC-DTW的叠前道集剩余时差校正方法具有较好的抗噪能力,对地震波形畸变具有较好的鲁棒性,能够有效消除叠前地震道的剩余时差;处理后的地震同相轴波形连续,振幅特征未改变,可以提高AVO属性分析、叠前反演等地震资料处理解释的准确性。该方法利用叠前道集内各地震道波形的相似性,优选出参考道,并在计算时窗内将道集中的每一道都与参考道进行SC-DTW计算,求取其动态规整路径,进行剩余时差校正,因而具有较好的实用性和推广价值。     

基于叠前时间偏移资料的AVO处理技术

与国外的处理流程相比，国内AVO资料处理过程中一般不作归位处理，这使AVO资料在应用上受到一定限制。针对这一问题，在胜利油田永安地区的AVO资料处理过程中，使用克杀霍夫叠前时间偏移技术对常规CMP道集进行归位，得到了CRP道集。在此基础上进行AVO分析，不但较好地解决了AVO异常的归位问题，而且叠前时间偏移使绕射能量归位，削弱了随机噪音的干扰，使AVO响应更清晰，提高了AVO资料的分析质量。介绍了AVO资料处理过程中叠前时间偏移的实现步骤，包括数据准备、偏移速度场的建立、偏移实现过程和偏移后CRP道集处理等，并结合实际资料进行了效果分析。     

复杂条件下三维地震资料处理中的几个关键问题

在详细介绍了本区地震地质条件和资料采集情况的基础上，分析了在本区进行精细资料处理中的难点，指出并讨论了4个方面的关键问题：一次静校正和剩余静校正问题、叠前去噪问题、反褶积问题和速度问题。最后，对比分析了本区三维地震资料新、老处理的效果。     

海相碳酸盐岩储层叠前保幅成像技术研究

选取四川盆地某个正在进行海相碳酸盐岩储层研究的勘探区域,根据野外地震数据特点,分析了造成振幅畸变的影响因素,并结合OMEGA地震处理系统,从应用角度重点研究开发了几项关键性振幅保真叠前成像处理技术:采用折射波层析静校正方法迭代修改近地表模型,缩小计算的旅行时与地震初至拾取值的差异,获得较为准确的近地表模型,解决了地表速度横向变化造成的静校正问题;采用非地表一致性剩余静校正方法解决高速层直接出露地表带来的残余高频静校正问题;采用分频、时变的非线性异常噪声衰减技术去除炮集数据中存在的振幅异常和频率异常的噪声,去噪同时不改变有效信号的相对振幅关系;采用规则化技术消除偏移距不均匀分布造成的叠前时间成像假象,得到振幅保真的共成像点道集和角道集。经过叠前保幅成像技术处理后,研究区域的叠前共成像道集的振幅相对关系保持良好,信噪比、分辨率得到明显提高,由此计算的角度道集中目的层附近的振幅呈现明显的AVO变化特征,海相碳酸盐岩天然气储层叠前反演和精细解释取得了满意效果。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.