三维编织复合材料T型梁弯曲疲劳性能研究

采用四步法三维编织以及VARTM技术制得三维编织复合材料T型梁,利用MTS 810.23仪器对材料进行准静态三点弯曲测试,使用频率为3Hz、应力比R=1的正弦波加载条件对材料进行弯曲疲劳测试。根据测得的数据分析获得S-N曲线、应力位移曲线以及最大最小位移曲线,材料在50%应力水平下其三点弯曲疲劳加载循环次数超过50万次。通过最终破坏形态可知,筋高处纤维的断裂是导致材料最终失效的主要破坏模式。     

层层接结三维角联锁机织复合材料的三点弯曲疲劳破坏

本文主要研究一种层层接结三维角联锁机织复合材料在三点弯曲交变循环载荷下的疲劳破坏与失效模式,以此阐述材料破坏的结构特征。在不同应力水平下对材料施加正弦波式应力进行三点弯曲疲劳实验,得到材料疲劳寿命(S-N)曲线,说明材料寿命与施加载荷之间的关系,随着应力水平的增加,材料的疲劳寿命呈现下降趋势。此外,观察材料的典型疲劳破坏模式,发现破坏主要集中于经纱屈曲起伏的最大曲率区域,应在结构设计中予以重点关注。     

塑木地板的弯曲疲劳/蠕变性能研究

对塑木地板进行弯曲性能测试,选取25%、50%和75%3种应力水平进行疲劳/蠕变试验.结果表明:从断面结构来看,空心型塑木地板的疲劳/蠕变性能最好,实心型次之,开口型最差;在交变栽荷最大值为塑木复合材料破坏载荷的50%、75%时,其疲劳/蠕变断裂曲线为三段式曲线,随着最大栽荷保持时间的增加,蠕变加剧材料塑性变形.导致材料应变增大、迅速断裂;在25%和50%应力水平作用后,材料的剩余弯曲强度为原来的96%～98%.     

玻璃纤维二维平纹编织复合材料高温弯曲力学行为研究

对玻璃纤维2维平纹编织复合材料在6个不同温度下的弯曲性能进行了实验测试,研究了温度对编织复合材料层合板的载荷-挠度曲线、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和失效模式的影响。结果表明:在三点弯曲载荷作用下,2维编织复合材料层合板跨中发生了局部纤维束屈曲失效和基体的开裂与分层失效。温度对玻璃纤维复合材料的力学性能和失效形式产生了重要影响。在高温环境中玻璃纤维2维平纹编织复合材料的弯曲力学性能迅速下降,当试验温度从20℃升高至115℃时,层合板的弯曲强度和模量分别下降了91%和66%。随着温度的升高,2维编织复合材料层合板的弯曲失效变形行为也发生了转变,逐渐由脆性破坏转变为塑性变形失效。     

三维角联锁机织复合材料三点弯曲疲劳的细观结构效应

依据层层接结三维角联锁机织复合材料的结构特点,建立能真实反映细观结构特征的大型精细实体几何结构模型;基于非弹性滞后能疲劳破坏准则,用有限元法计算三维角联锁机织复合材料在三点弯曲低周交变循环载荷下的变形和刚度降解,揭示疲劳过程中三维角联锁机织复合材料内部应力分布特征和变形特征,分析纱线与树脂的破坏机理,阐述该复合材料在循环载荷下发生疲劳破坏的结构效应。结果表明,经纱在疲劳过程中承担大部分的载荷,且不同的组分呈现不同的破坏扩展过程。本文研究结果和研究方法将可进一步扩展至三维机织复合材料工程结构设计。     

单向Cf/SiC复合材料的弯曲疲劳性能

对单向Cf/SiC复合材料进行了三点弯曲疲劳性能测试,得到了复合材料的应力－寿命曲线（S－N曲线）,并对其进行线性拟合,得到疲劳最大应力与复合材料疲劳寿命的关系;考察了疲劳过程中刚度下降和疲劳裂纹产生情况。结果表明在疲劳过程中复合材料的弯曲模量有3个变化阶段：首先在疲劳加载初期,弯曲模量的下降速度及幅度都较大;其次在弯曲模量下降到原始弯曲模量的85％（133GPa)后,其变化方式没有明显的规律可循,有时甚至可能上升;最后复合材料发生疲劳断裂时,模量将发生突变。显微结构分析表明：基体横向裂纹群的产生是疲劳断裂的独有特征。它的产生是由于基体SiC的断裂应变小于碳纤维的断裂应变,基体首先开裂并导致应力重新分布的结果。     

不同加载方式下木塑复合材料蠕变性能的研究

主要对木塑复合材料在20℃条件下的蠕变性能进行了探索性研究。试验加载方式设为:20%～40%交变载荷作用下的梯形波加载方式;20%～40%交变载荷作用下的三角波加载方式;10%～70%应力水平下恒定载荷加载方式。结果表明,在试验开始初期,纯蠕变、疲劳-蠕变交互作用、纯疲劳三种不同的损伤失效形式对木塑复合材料弯曲变形增长率的影响不大。在试验进行到中后期,纯蠕变产生的应变增长率>疲劳-蠕变交互作用产生的应变增长率>纯疲劳产生的应变增长率;随着应力水平的增加,材料产生的应变增长率逐渐增加,在60%的应力水平处应变增长率达到了极大值。     

疲劳/蠕变交互作用下塑木复合材料的断裂损伤

塑木复合材料在动态载荷作用下，其断裂损伤并非纯疲劳或纯蠕变作用的结果。利用交变载荷的试验方法，研究了在疲劳／蠕变交互作用下塑木复合材料的断裂损伤行为。结果表明，在交变载荷为破坏载荷的80％和60％时，其疲劳／蠕变断裂曲线为三段式曲线，即瞬时弹性变形阶段、延迟弹性变形阶段和加速断裂阶段；在交变载荷为破坏载荷的40％时，38h内其疲劳／蠕变曲线为两段式曲线。随着最大载荷保持时间的增加，塑木复合材料进入延迟弹性变形阶段越晚，弯曲挠度增加越快，断裂寿命降低。     

多轴向经编针织(MWK)复合材料SHPB动态响应

利用霍普金森杆（sHPB）横向冲击多轴向经编针织复合材料，在不同子弹冲击速度下测试材料动态响应，通过计算得出载荷与时间的关系曲线；实验表明：材料的抗分层性能出众；在准静态三点弯曲载荷下，试样破坏模式为典型的弯曲破坏；在SHPB冲击载荷下，试样破坏模式以基体开裂、纤维与基体界面破坏和纤维断裂抽拔为主。     

编织结构复合材料力学性能的测试与分析

对四步法三维编织复合材料的拉伸、压缩和弯曲等性能进行了实验研究,得到了该材料的主要力学性能参数及破坏规律.实验结果表明:三维编织复合材料具有良好的力学性能,而编织工艺和编织结构对复合材料的性能有较大的影响.这些结果为进一步研究复合材料的强度失效问题奠定了实验基础.     

纳米碳酸钙改性再生混凝土疲劳性能

为研究纳米改性再生混凝土的疲劳性能,对其疲劳寿命进行估计并建立疲劳方程。以不同再生骨料取代率(0%、30%、50%,质量分数)与纳米CaCO₃掺量(0%、1%,质量分数)为主要影响因素,设计了不同应力水平(0.75、0.80、0.85)下的疲劳循环加载试验。结果表明:混凝土的弹性模量随再生粗骨料取代率的增大而减小,掺入纳米CaCO₃可以提高混凝土的弹性模量并优化破坏形态,有效提升整体性;循环荷载下的疲劳寿命随最大应力水平增大而快速缩短,1%的纳米CaCO₃改性可以使疲劳寿命延长60%;以双对数S-N(应力水平-疲劳寿命)曲线建立疲劳寿命方程,并推导出考虑寿命概率的P-S-N曲线,得到的相关系数随再生粗骨料取代率的增加而快速减小,经纳米改性后有所增大;再生混凝土的疲劳应变演化基本符合三阶段应变曲线发展规律,提出新方程描述再生混凝土第二阶段应变曲线,并建立变形量与循环比的关系式。     

国产碳纤维CCF300增强QY8911双马树脂含孔复合材料拉压疲劳试验研究

碳纤维树脂基复合材料（CFRP）层合板的疲劳性能决定了结构的安全性和可靠性。其寿命预测的研究具有重要的工程意义。依据碳纤维复合材料拉压疲劳试验标准,对含孔国产碳纤维CCF300／QY8911复合材料进行了5个不同应力水平下拉压疲劳试验,分析了疲劳试样断口,表征了中央含孔国产碳纤维CCF300／QY8911复合材料在疲劳载荷作用下的破坏过程,获得含孔复合材料层合板的条件疲劳极限,在此基础上,建立了复合材料的S-N曲线。利用该曲线可对中央含孔复合材料进行疲劳寿命预测。10^6下的条件疲劳极限为平均应力的48％（即150．3MPa）。     

Push-Pull Fatigue of Sintered Silicon Nitride Ceramics at Elevated Temperatures

The fatigue tests under push-pull completely reversed loading and pulsating loading were performed for silicon nitride ceramics at elevated temperatures. Then the effects of stress wave form, stress rate, and cyclic understressing on fatigue strength, and cyclic straining behavior, were examined. The cycle-number-based fatigue life is found to be shorter under trapezoidal stress wave loading than under triangular stress wave loading, and to become shorter with increasing hold time under the trapezoidal stress wave loading. Meanwhile, the equivalent time-based life curve, which is estimated from the concept of slow crack growth, almost agrees with the static fatigue life curve in the short and intermediate life regions, showing the small cyclic stress effect and the dominant stress-imposing period effect on cyclic fatigue life. The fatigue strength increased in stepwise stress amplitude increasing test, where stress amplitude is increased stepwise every given number of stress cycles, at 1100° and 1200°C. Occurrence of cyclic strengthening was proved through a gradual decrease in strain amplitude during a pulsating loading test at 1200°C in this material, corresponding to the above cyclic understressing effect on fatigue strength.     

Numerical and experimental analyses of composite bonded double-strap repairs under high-cycle fatigue

This work addresses the behaviour of double-strap repairs of carbon-epoxy laminates under high-cycle fatigue loading. Experimental static and fatigue three-point bending tests were performed considering simpler double-strap bonded joints. Numerical analyses involving a cohesive mixed-mode I+II zone model appropriate for high-cycle fatigue loading considering quasi-static and fatigue degradation in a sole damage parameter were accomplished. The numerical fatigue life prediction and normalised compliance versus number of cycles curve are in close agreement with the experimental results. The numerical model was subsequently used to assess the influence of ±5% variation of several parameters intrinsic to fatigue behaviour on the numerically obtained fatigue lives. It was concluded that the exponent parameter of the modified Paris law is the most influent one. In addition, it was concluded that a concurrent variation of ±5% of all analysed parameters can explain the experimental scatter obtained.     

Tensile and Fatigue Behavior of Silicon Carbide Fiber-Reinforced Aluminosilicate Glass

The onset of damage accumulation in ceramic-matrix composites occurs as matrix microcracking and fiber/matrix debonding. Tension tests were used to determine the stress and strain levels to first initiate microcracking in both unidirectional and cross-ply laminates of silicon carbide fiber-reinforced aluminosilicate glass. Tension–tension fatigue tests were then conducted at stress levels below and above the matrix cracking stress level. At stress levels below matrix microcracking, no loss in stiffness occurred. At stresses above matrix cracking, the elastic modulus of the unidirectional specimens exhibited a gradual decrease during the first 10 000 cycles, and then stabilized. However, the cross-ply material sustained most of the damage on the first loading cycle. It is shown that fatigue life can be related to nonlinear stress–strain behavior of the 0° plies, and that the cyclic strain limit was approximately 0.3%.     

Compressive fatigue damage and failure mechanism of fiber reinforced cementitious material with high ductility

The fiber reinforced cementitious material with high ductility has potential use in particular environments and structures that undergo repeated or fatigue loads. In this study, a series of monotonic and fatigue tests were performed to investigate the compressive fatigue behavior of this material. It is found that the fatigue life of this material is higher than that of plain concrete and steel fiber reinforced concrete under the same stress level. In addition, the failure deformation of fiber reinforced cementitious material with high ductility under fatigue load was larger than the monotonic envelope, while the envelope coincides with the monotonic loading curve for concrete or fiber reinforced concrete. The failure surface and damage process were investigated and a new failure mode of polyvinyl alcohol fiber with crushed end was discovered. The fatigue failure surface could be divided into three regions, including fatigue source region, transition region and crack extension region.     

Influence of graphite on the low-frequency fatigue behavior of zirconium diboride ceramics

The fatigue behavior of a ZrB₂-based ceramic containing SiC and graphite was compared to a ZrB₂-SiC reference material based on bending testing, quantitative calculations as well as crack growth and fracture characterization. The addition of graphite flake makes ZrB₂-SiC-Graphite ceramics exhibit fatigue failure behavior at very high stress level (93% of the characteristic strength, σ₀), owing to the increased K_Ic promoted by crack deflection, bridging, bifurcation and pull-out of graphite, while the fatigue behavior of ZrB₂-SiC appears when the maximum stress is below ~86%σ₀. However, both the slow crack growth exponents of the graphite containing ceramic, n and nc values, which reflect the fatigue resistance in static and cyclic fatigue conditions, respectively, are only 1/4 as compared to the reference graphite-free ceramic. This may be due to the weak boride/graphite interfaces, which lead to the decrease of the initial critical stress intensity factor (K_c-initial) value from 2.6 to 2.0 MPa m^1/2.     

钢纤维对钢筋混凝土梁弯曲韧性与疲劳损伤的影响

通过钢筋混凝土梁弯曲静载和等幅疲劳试验,研究了钢纤维对钢筋混凝土梁挠度、弯曲韧度、刚度以及刚度损伤累积的影响.结果表明:在弯曲静载试验中,梁的挠度随着钢纤维体积率的增加而逐渐减小,弯曲韧度逐渐增大;在疲劳试验中,各梁挠度增长和刚度损伤累积随着荷载循环次数增加均呈现三阶段变化规律,说明钢纤维掺入不会改变钢筋混凝土梁疲劳损伤发展规律,但会改变梁挠度和刚度的大小,随着纤维掺量增加,梁的挠度逐渐减小,刚度逐渐增加,抵抗变形能力增强.     

橡胶层合复合材料的疲劳损伤

研究了 (± 20° )钢丝帘线 /橡胶复合材料在单级和两级拉伸循环载荷下疲劳损伤的累积规律。结果表明：在载荷控制的疲劳过程中,材料的周期最大应变发展曲线呈现明显的三阶段规律;疲劳寿命与最大应力近似呈对数线性关系。各级载荷下,周期最大应变发展曲线都具有线性稳定增长的第二阶段。两级加载实验初步证明 Palmgren－ Minner法则仅适用于第一级疲劳条件比第二级疲劳条件轻缓的情况。