Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8块体非晶合金的制备

采用差压铸造法成功制备了圆棒状与板片状的Cu417Ti34Zr11Ni8块体非晶合金，研究了合金的热稳定性。在试验条件下，Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8块体非晶合金棒状试样的最大直径可达3mm，板片状试样的最大厚度可达1mm。该成分块体非晶合金具有良好的热稳定性，其玻璃转变温度Tg=672K，晶化温度Txl=735K，过冷液相区△Tx=63K，约化玻璃温度Trg=0．575。     

非晶及纳米晶合金研究进展

自从１９６０年Ｐ．Ｄｕｗｅｚ等人首先用熔体快速凝固法制得Ａｎ－Ｓｉ系非晶合金以来,至今,已３０多年。当前,许多非晶合金已获得实用,这一领域的科研工作得到日益逢勃的发展。本文综述了自１９８７年以来在非晶和纳米晶领域的研究进展。     

抗磨性非晶和纳米晶钢合金

美国爱达荷州国家工程和环境实验室的科学家们研究了非晶态和纳米晶钢合金的制取及其特性。研究用的非晶、纳米晶钢合金的成分 ,是根据能够以较低的冷却速度 (10 4 Ｋ/ｓ)形成金属玻璃的基本原理来设计的Ｆｅ6 3Ｃｒ8Ｍｏ2 Ｂ17Ｃ5Ｓｉ1Ａｌ4 。采用了两种方法来制备这一钢合金     

机械合金化法制备Al—Cu—Fe纳米非晶合金

采用行星式高能球磨机制备了Al80-xCuxFe20(x=20-40）三元非晶纳米合金粉末,分析了不同球磨时间及热处理工艺对粉末结构、颗粒大小等的影响。结果表明：成分为Al40Cu40Fe20的粉末球磨时逐步非晶化,球磨33h后,非晶化程度最大,最小颗粒尺寸达到5．6nm;进一步球磨,非晶晶化,颗粒尺寸增大;成分为Al80-xCuxFe20(x=20,25,30)的粉末球磨90h后,得到非晶,最小颗粒尺寸为3．4nm。球磨制备的Al-Cu-Fe非晶粉末具有铁磁性。用DSC测量了其晶化温度（Tc),Tc≈873℃。     

Ti—Ni非晶合金贮氢薄膜制备及电化学性能研究

利用离子束溅射的方法（ＩＢＳ）制备了Ｔｉ－Ｎｉ非晶合金薄膜,采用ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ方法研究了薄膜试样充放电前后的结构和形貌变化,采用电化学方法研究了这种材料的电化学贮氢性能,试样Ｔｉ５０Ｎｉ５０最高电化学容量可达４５８ｍＡｈ／ｇ。引用Ｈａｒｒｉｓ模型估算了Ｔｉ－Ｎｉ非晶合金薄膜的理论电化学贮氢容量,并用以分析实验结果。     

Zr41.25Ti13.75Ni10Cu12.5Be22.5多孔块体非晶合金的制备

利用NaCl颗粒作为预制型,U形石英管作为坩埚,在双温区加热电炉中通过快速渗流、水淬和盐型滤除方法制备出直径为8．1mm、高为70mm的Zr基多孔块体非晶合金．XRD分析表明,所制备的样品由单一的非晶相组成．SEM观察表明,孔隙之间具有良好的连通性,孔隙直径和孔棱均小于1mm,多孔非晶合金密度为3．63g／cm^2,孔隙率为40．5％．     

用机械合金化法制备Al—Y—Ni非晶合金

本文用热力学和动力学分析了Al—Y—Ni合金系在机械合金化过程中实现非晶转变的能力。用机械合金化方法成功地获得了Al—Y—Ni非晶合金粉末,其非晶属性由X射线衍射和热分析实验得到证实。并研究了球磨强度对Al—Y—Ni合金系球磨非晶转变的影响,发现强度过高不利于非晶转变。     

纳米金属Ni、纳米非晶合金Ni-P及Ni-B的制备及表征

运用化学镀方法制备纳米Ni、Ni-P及Ni-B粉末,并通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等方法对纳米粉末的物相、组织形貌和粒度进行了测试表征.结果表明,纳米Ni粉末平均粒径为60 nm,面心立方晶体,粉末呈现球形;纳米Ni-P及Ni-B为非晶体,粉末呈现松散的聚集状态;纳米Ni-P及Ni-B粉体热稳定性较差,粒径分布较宽,分别为10～80 nm和30～50 nm;纳米Ni、Ni-P及Ni-B粉末纯度较高.     

气相沉积制备Ni-Al合金纳米粉末的相生成规律

以直流电弧作为加热源,在高纯氩气氛下蒸发了Ni-Al母合金,制备出粒度小于60 nm的合金纳米粉末,并研究了纳米粉末中的相生成规律。结果表明:纳米粉末中合金相的形成规律与Ni-Al相图一致;蒸发高Ni含量的母合金容易得到以金属间化合物相-εAlNi3和-δAlNi为主的纳米粉末;而蒸发Al含量较高的母合金时,容易得到-γAl3Ni2相,且粉末中化合物相的相对含量显著减少;改变放电电流的大小可以改变粉末中析出相的种类和相对含量;而只改变惰性气体的压力时,粉末中的析出相种类不变,只是相对含量改变。实验发现所制备的纳米粉末中未出现-βAl3Ni5和Al3Ni低温相。     

气相蒸发法制备超微金属粉末

在对粉末制备过程进行深入理论分析的基础上设计了两种粉末收集器，系统研究了蒸发温度、坩埚直径、收集器内的冷凝效果与粉末产率之间的关系和收集器的冷凝效果对晶核生长过程及粉末形貌的影响     

PREPARATION OF NANOMETER ZINC OXIDE BY EVAPORATION METHOD

Nanometer ZnO particles were synthesized by evaporating of zinc powders of averageparticle size of 370μm studied by XRD, TEM and electron diffraction. The particleswere formed by the oxidation of evaporated zinc vapor in the air. It was found that the particles range from 70 to 100nmin average particle size. The effect of experimental parameters was investigated, the increase of the air flow-rates reduced the average particle size, while increasing the evaporation temperature and the amount of metal charged increased the average particle size. TEM of the particles collected showed that the crystal habits of particles have a tetrapod-like of wurtzite structure consists of four needle crystals. It was found by electron diffraction that all particles were single crystal.     

STUDY ON NANOMETER ZINC PARTICLES FABRICATED BY GAS EVAPORATION METHOD

Nanometer Zn particles with mean diameters 12-100nm made by evaporating its powders in argon gas were studied mainly by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. They are collected at various distances and those factors influencing the mean particle size were studied. The optimal synthetic conditions were obtained, i.e., evaporation temperature is 1200℃; argon flow rate is 0.4m3/h; amount of powder charged is 3g; distance from evaporation source is 10cm. It was found that the size of particles was governed by argon flow rate, evaporation temperature, amount of metal charged and distance from the source. The size increases remarkably with distance in the space where no metal vapor exists. This implies that the crystallites grow by coalescence. Electron micrographs and diffraction patterns are reproduced to show the size, shape and state of oxidations. Nanoparticles with definite crystal habits were sometimes observed among those with irregular ones.     

非晶态Fe-W合金的电沉积方法及耐蚀性能

Fe-W合金镀层历来都是采用酒石酸铵体系制备的,本文改用价格低廉的柠檬酸铵为络合剂,通过实验确立了Fe—W非晶镀层的最佳电沉积条件.采用阳极极化曲线和浸泡实验测试了非晶镀层的腐蚀行为,对照不锈钢SUS304,对其耐腐蚀性能进行了评价.     

非晶态Fe－W合金的电沉积方法及耐蚀性能

Ｆｅ－Ｗ合金镀层历来都是采用酒石酸铵体系制备的，本文改用价格低廉的柠檬酸铵为络合剂，通过实验确立了Ｆｅ—Ｗ非晶镀层的最佳电沉积条件．采用阳极极化曲线和浸泡实验测试了非晶镀层的腐蚀行为，对照不锈钢ＳＵＳ３０４，对其耐腐蚀性能进行了评价．     

PREPARATION AND CRYSTALLINE MICROSTRUCTURE OF RAPIDLY SOLIDIFIED NEW AMORPHOUS Al－Fe－V－Si－Mm ALLOY

ＰＲＥＰＡＲＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＣＲＹＳＴＡＬＬＩＮＥＭＩＣＲＯＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＯＦＲＡＰＩＤＬＹＳＯＬＩＤＩＦＩＥＤＮＥＷＡＭＯＲＰＨＯＵＳＡｌ－Ｆｅ－Ｖ－Ｓｉ－ＭｍＡＬＬＯＹＷａｎｇＪｉａｎｑｉａｎｇ；ＧｕＴａｏ；ＺｅｎｇＭｅｉｇｕａｎｇ；Ｃｈｅｎ...     

FORMATION OF AMORPHOUS Ni-Ti ALLOY BY MECHANICAL ALLOYING

ＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＡＭＯＲＰＨＯＵＳＮｉ－ＴｉＡＬＬＯＹＢＹＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＣＡＬＡＬＬＯＹＩＮＧ￥ＬｉａｎｇＧｕｏｘｉａｎ；ＷａｎｇＥｒｄｅ；ＬｉＺｈｉｍｉｎｇ（ＣｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＭａｔｅｒｉａｌｓＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，Ｈａ...     

机械合金化法制备Fe—Ni—P—B磁性非晶合金的研究

用机械合金化法研究制备Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｐ－Ｂ系磁性非晶材料,用Ｘ射线衍射仪,扫描电子显微术和透射电子显微术对不同球磨工艺处理的Ｆｅ４０Ｎｉ４０Ｐ１４Ｂ６成分的粉末进行了分析,结果表明,成分为Ｆｅ４０Ｎｉ４０Ｐ１４Ｂ６的粉末,可通过机械合金化使其非晶化。     

AMORPHOUS ALLOY Al-Y-Ni FORMED BY MECHANICAL ALLOYING

The amorphization transformation of Al-Y-Ni system by mechanical alloying was inves-tigated in both thermodynamic and kinetic aspects.The amorphous powder of Al-richcomposition Al_(80)Y_(15)Ni_5 was formed after 70 h milling.The process of the amorphiza-tion was monitored by X-ray diffraction.The dependence of the amorphization on themilling intensity was also discussed.The results show that over milling with extra-highintensity has an unfavourable effect on amorphization of the system.     

电子束蒸发沉积Al-Cr合金涂层研究

研究了电子束蒸发镀沉积Al-Cr合金涂层的工艺，探讨了铬含量对涂层耐蚀性的影响。对涂层的物相、形貌以及热处理对涂层和基体之间热扩散的影响进行了分析．结果表明：涂层中铬含量与膜料中铬含量有较大差异；在温度为283K，30g／L NaCl溶液中含1.5％Cr、2.5％Cr、5％Cr的Al-Cr合金涂层的自腐蚀电位均比普通钢基材的电位负，因此它们作为阳极性涂层对普通钢基材能起到较好的电化学保护；涂层为晶态组织，其物相为Al和少量的Cr9Al17。随膜料中Cr含量的增加，其生成的Cr9Al17的量也随之增多；在真空蒸镀时涂层沉积有方向性；对涂层进行600℃，lh热处理后，涂层与基体间元素产生了互扩散．