堆焊CAPP系统的研究与开发

本文在充分了解堆焊工艺的基础上，以Oracle数据库为堆焊数据库的支撑，在WindowsXP环境下，以VC＋＋研究开发集工艺数据的存储、查询和管理为一体的堆焊焊接CAPP系统，系统有很强的人机交互性，工艺人员能准确的制定堆焊工艺卡，提高了工艺设计效率。     

夏利轿车铜合金模具TIG堆焊工艺研究

介绍了新型焊接材料和ＴＩＧ堆焊的工艺性能特点，与传统手工电弧堆焊和氧乙炔焰堆焊比较，该工艺可使堆焊层的材质和机械性能达到原设计要求，成功地解决了铜合金模具堆焊的技术难题，获得了良好的效益。     

夏利轿车铜合金模具TIG堆焊工研究

介绍了新型焊接材料和ＴＩＧ堆焊的工艺性能特点，与传统手工电弧堆焊和氧乙炔焰堆焊比较，该工艺可使堆焊层的材质和机械性能达到原设计要求，成功地解决了铜合金模具堆焊的技术难题，获得了良好的效益。     

等离子粉末堆焊工艺研究现状与进展

等离子粉末堆焊是近年来在制造业中被广泛应用的一种快速涂层及修护制备技术，具有速度快、焊接质量好、堆焊层材料种类广、工艺变异性对性能影响小等优点，在工程机械、矿山开采、石油钻探、煤矿开采等耐磨抗腐蚀领域有着重要应用。本文系统综述了等离子粉末堆焊的原理、发展以及合金粉末、堆焊工艺对堆焊层组织性能影响的研究现状，指出了我国等离子堆焊技术目前存在堆焊粉末成分体系较少、相关工艺基础理论研究薄弱以及检测评价手段单一等问题和不足，提出了从体系和技术上创新材料设计思路、通过正交试验探究最佳工艺、开发新型堆焊工艺以及完善检测手段并形成系统堆焊评价体系的建议。     

15CrMoR薄壁封头堆焊工艺

对15Cr Mo R进行耐蚀堆焊工艺评定,确定了带极堆焊的焊接工艺。进行薄壁封头的堆焊工艺性试验,分析薄壁封头容易发生堆焊变形的情况,设计制作薄壁封头的堆焊工装。分析薄壁封头产生焊接变形原因,确定采取焊前预热、焊后加热缓冷等工艺手段。针对高温焊道找水平难的问题,设计制作了焊道找水平工具。结果表明,选择合理的堆焊工艺及堆焊工装,能够获得符合要求的薄壁堆焊封头。     

修边模具堆焊工艺的研究

修边模具堆焊工艺是以42CrMo为基体，通过在刃口部位堆焊高硬度合金钢制造修边模，代替传统的修边模制造工艺。分析了工艺参数对堆焊层金相组织、堆焊层硬度及耐磨性的影响，选取了适当的工艺参数并给出了堆焊法制造冷冲模的工艺要点。堆焊层金属及过渡区无气孔、裂纹等缺陷，堆焊的刃口平均硬度在57．5HRC以上．焊缝成形良好并具有很高的耐磨性能。并实际堆焊制造了修边模具，现场应用表明，堆焊层不脱落，寿命达到或超过传统工艺制造的修边模。该工艺对于修复其它冷作模具也具有很好的应用前景。     

碳化钨耐磨药芯焊丝电弧堆焊工艺与性能的研究

试验研究了碳化钨耐磨药芯焊丝电弧堆焊工艺方法对堆焊层性能和组织的影响。结果表明，堆焊工艺中的能量输入、堆焊层数以及冷却方式对堆焊层的硬度、耐磨性及堆焊层结合性能有明显的影响。导致堆焊层性能变化的主要原因是工艺因素引起了堆焊层组织及碳化钨形态的变化。其中堆焊工艺采用大电流、双道焊、缓慢的冷却速度时，堆焊层中的强化相碳化物颗粒较大，分布均匀，堆焊层具有良好的综合性能。     

厚壁压力容器不锈钢带极电渣堆焊与埋弧堆焊对比

本文在堆焊工艺，焊缝成形，母材稀释率，堆焊层性能和熔合特征等几个方面，对厚壁压力容器不锈钢带极电渣堆焊与带极埋弧堆焊进行了全面的对比研究。对比结果表明，带极电渣堆焊优于带极埋弧堆焊，可以用带极电渣焊工艺取代极埋弧堆焊工艺，来进行厚壁压力容器的内壁堆焊。     

灰口铸铁阀体密封面镍基堆焊技术

详细介绍了一种改善旋转止回阀密封面性能的镍基堆焊工艺。针对阀体密封面的结构,设计了特殊焊接工艺,精确地完成了堆焊过程,达到厂家设计要求。     

铬钼钢制加氢换热器,反应器耐蚀层堆焊质量分析

依据焊接试验与产品应用结果，从焊接试验与产品堆焊的全过程出发，论述了堆焊工艺应用范围、耐蚀层堆焊的技术要求、堆焊工艺参数的选择以及堆焊层的质量问题，重点分析失效现象及产生原因，并提出了防止措施。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。