协同采矿方法的创新思维与创新技法

协同采矿方法作为一类新型采矿方法,在开采复杂地下难采资源时颇具优势,但迄今为止,尚未有学者对该类采矿方法的创新思维与创新技法进行系统分析与研究。基于此,归纳了工程类常用的3种创新思维及其对应的创新技法;回顾并分析了2009~2018年我国学者发明的19种协同采矿方法的创新思维与创新技法;统计了创新思维与创新技法所占比重,探讨了比重的启示作用。分析表明：组合创新思维及其对应的创新技法在协同采矿方法创新活动中占主导地位,一定时段内仍可继续发挥主流指导作用;移植创新和逆反创新2种思维应用较少,对应的直接类比法、逆向思考法等创新技法,未来也有可能被用以创造协同采矿方法。研究成果对于促进未来协同采矿方法的发明创造具有积极借鉴意义。     

Impact of Resources and Strategies on Construction Company Performance

Globalized competition and customer needs forced construction companies to measure their performance beyond the financial measures such as profitability, turnover, etc. As qualitative determinants were added to measurement systems, their investigation and evaluation became a major area of research. In this study, the impact of “resources and capabilities,” “strategic decisions,” “project management competencies,” and “strength of relationships with other parties” on “company performance” was investigated. A questionnaire survey was administered to 73 Turkish contractors and the results of the survey were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings indicate that, as expected, resources and capabilities and strategic decisions have an important and direct impact on company performance, whereas project management competencies and strength of relationships with other parties impact company performance only indirectly, through their impact on companies’ resources and capabilities and strategic decisions.     

“一带一路”背景下陕西矿产资源国际合作共同体研究

陕西省一直坚持“主合作并购、辅承包转让”的模式与其他国家进行国际矿产资源合作,并取得较多良好成绩。但是,陕西省矿产管理工作中仍存在诸如缺乏完善的风险防范机制、政府服务职能以及有待精简的审批流程等问题。作为“新丝绸之路”的重要组成部分,陕西省在“一带一路”背景下需要开发出一条更加适合未来发展方向的新型矿产资源国际合作之路。研究认为,构建矿产资源国际合作共同体能够从“共担命运”“共同发展”“共享利益”3个方面解决陕西省矿业发展中遇到的问题,应全面坚持政企联动、多元合作、夯实合作关系、强化投资区位选择的方向,积极构建矿产资源国际合作共同体。     

Building Integrated Architecture/Engineering/Construction Systems Using Smart Objects: Methodology and Implementation

Integrated project systems hold the promise for improving the quality while reducing the time and cost of architecture/engineering/construction (AEC) projects. A fundamental requirement of such systems is to support the modeling and management of the design and construction information and to allow the exchange of such information among different project disciplines in an effective and efficient manner. This paper presents a methodology to implement integrated project systems through the use of a model-based approach that involves developing integrated “smart AEC objects.” Smart AEC objects are an evolutionary step that builds upon past research and experience in AEC product modeling, geometric modeling, intelligent CAD systems, and knowledge-based design methods. Smart objects are 3D parametric entities that combine the capability to represent various aspects of project information required to support multidisciplinary views of the objects, and the capability to encapsulate “intelligence” by representing behavioral aspects, design constraints, and life-cycle data management features into the objects. An example implementation of smart objects to support integrated design of falsework systems is presented. The paper also discusses the requirements for extending existing standard data models, specifically the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), to support the modeling of smart AEC objects.     

Role of Marketing Intelligence in Making Pricing Policy in Construction

The pricing strategy predominantly used in construction is cost based. But this pricing logic may lead to the underpricing or overpricing of a bid offer. In response to this problem, alternate pricing strategies are proposed in this paper that make use of market-based approaches. These models are centered on marketing intelligence functions. In this paper, marketing intelligence systems developed and used in manufacturing industries are explored, including marketing research, marketing information systems, and decision support systems. The current developments and practices of marketing intelligence in construction are reviewed. The findings of a survey that investigates the marketing intelligence and pricing strategy practices of the largest 400 U.S. contractors are presented. In conclusion, it is discovered that contractors use mostly traditional marketing intelligence strategies. It is recommended that contractors develop computerized intelligence activities such as using resources on the Internet and developing management information systems and decision support systems. As expected, it is found that “marketing intelligence capabilities” is a significant variable associated with pricing strategy.     

矿产资源科学开采及其复杂性研究

在“碳达峰”、“碳中和”的目标背景下,绿色低碳、清洁高效成为资源开采的新要求,也对科学开采这一复杂系统问题的研究提出了新的方向。阐述了矿产资源开采理念的发展演化,综述了近年来国内外在科学开采方面的研究现状,构建了安全、高效、绿色、低碳、经济、科学管理“六位一体”的科学开采体系,丰富了科学开采的内涵和框架。从复杂科学问题的判断标准、科学开采体系的特征两方面进行推断,得出科学开采属于复杂问题,承载科学开采复杂问题的系统是复杂系统。以复杂科学的思路研究科学开采的复杂性,构建科学开采复杂系统模型,从顶层设计、中层连接和底层基础3个层次思考了实现科学开采的新途径,为实现矿产资源的科学开采提供了新的发展方向。     

Concept Relation Extraction from Construction Documents Using Natural Language Processing

The objective of this research is to present an innovative technique for managing the knowledge contained in construction contract documents to facilitate quick access and efficient use of such knowledge for project management and contract administration tasks. Knowledge Management has become the focus of a lot of scientific research during the second half of the 20th century as researchers discovered the importance of the knowledge resource to business organizations. Despite early expectations of improved document management techniques, document management systems used in the construction industry have failed to deliver the anticipated performance. Recent research attempts to utilize analysis of the contents of documents to improve document categorization and retrieval functions. It is hypothesized that natural language processing can be effectively used to perform document text analysis. The proposed system, technique for concept relation identification using shallow parsing (CRISP), utilizes a shallow parser to extract semantic knowledge from construction contract documents which can be used to improve electronic document management functions such as document categorization and retrieval. When compared with human evaluators, CRISP achieved almost 80% of the average kappa score attained by the evaluators, and approximately 90% of their F-measure score.     

我国中深层地热资源赋存特征、发展现状及展望

地热资源具有储量大、能源利用效率高、运行成本低和节能减排等优点,是唯一不受天气、季节变化影响的地球本土可再生清洁能源,对于实现双碳目标有重要意义。为了解中深层地热资源赋存特征和发展现状,系统梳理了国外中深层高温地热资源的发展历程和最新进展,并与我国中深层地热资源开发情况进行对比分析,以期为我国中深层地热资源开发利用提供借鉴和启示。总体来讲,我国传统水热型地热资源潜力巨大且开发程度不高,具有很大的开发空间;针对我国地热流体中伴生矿产资源的相关开发依然存在着稀有元素分布特征不清、潜力不明、整体开发利用程度不高等问题,应在评估地热流体中伴生矿产资源潜力基础上,进一步加强地热流体中伴生矿产资源的综合开发利用;随着矿产资源开采深度的加大和高温地热带周边相关工程建设的开展,高温热害成为不可忽视的问题。但目前深部矿井和工程建设中“热害资源化”的研究相对不足,造成了地热资源的浪费,应在“热害资源化”潜力评估的基础上,进一步推动“矿?热共采”及工程建设中的“热害资源化”利用。      

融资渠道、政府补助与中国矿业企业研发投入

选取2012～2019年中国矿业上市公司为研究样本,采用可行广义最小二乘法进行实证分析,考察了融资渠道对矿业企业研发投入的影响,并检验了政府补助的调节效应与信号传递效应.研究发现:(1)内、外源融资均能显著促进中国矿业企业研发投入,对外源融资渠道做进一步划分发现,股权融资对矿业企业研发投入有显著促进效应,而债权融资则不...     

Activity Awareness as an Enabler for Communication and Network Building in Construction Design Teams

The paper reports on ongoing research into the facilitation of communication in distributed design teams of the type typically encountered in the construction sector. Ideas around social aspects in such design teams are discussed followed by our previous research efforts as an evolutionary process that has led us to develop in this direction. It is argued that facilitating timely and contextually grounded communication in a distributed environment can help to build the social networks and associated social capital common in collocated design teams but often absent in distributed ones. We describe our framework for providing such facilitation through monitoring and awareness of the information “space” of a construction project. We believe that by leveraging the relationships in the information space, we can go some way to identifying those individuals who would benefit from developing interpersonal relations in their work and further by exploiting those relationships in real time we can accelerate the formation of personal social networks and social capital between those individuals.     

多元地学信息系统的构建与实现

为了更高效、科学地实现多元地学信息获取、管理和应用,依托“山东黄金地勘数字资源信息系统”项目,尝试将地质学科与地理信息学科相结合,进行多元地学信息系统的设计与开发,基于“C/S”和“B/S”结构体系,构建了局域网客户端与广域网Web端相互嵌套的多元地学信息系统,分别完成了“C/S”客户端与“B/S”Web端的多元地学信息系统开发,形成了一个完整的、功能强大的大型综合多元地学信息系统。该系统具有GIS的数据管理、数据分析、多元地学数据实时交互、实时查询、信息共享及数据交换等功能,能够实现高效便捷的多元地学信息获取、管理及使用。     

Ethical dilemmas in psychologists accessing Internet data: Is it justified?

Many psychologists search the Internet for both personal and professional information. Although various guidelines have been proposed for psychologists regarding therapeutic services provided over the Internet, few address the ethics and efficacy of gathering information about clients, students, or employees on the web. As quickly as guidelines are written, new technologies create new challenges. With the advent of social networking sites and numerous free and paid data search engines, unique dilemmas have arisen. The ready access of voluminous personal information raises perplexing questions for clinician psychologists, instructors, supervisors, and employers. An overarching consideration addressed in this article is whether in the course of one's professional activities it is ethically appropriate to conduct intentional Internet searches for information about patients, students, or employees. We discuss ethical dilemmas such as right to privacy, trust, confidentiality, informed consent, boundary violations, and best interest of the client, student, or employee. Next we provide a list of some extant electronic sources of information and offer case examples. The article concludes with recommendations that we hope will generate further dialogue and research on these perplexing issues and provide guidance on balancing situationally appropriate flexibility with the need for adopting wise parameters of professional behavior in regard to social networking activities and Internet “investigations.” (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Capturing Implicit Structures in Unstructured Content of Construction Documents

In a paper-based paradigm, whether construction information is presented in structured or unstructured format is not a critical issue because human beings are good at processing both types of information. However, the paradigm shift from using paper-based media to electronic media requires better handling of unstructured information, as a computer is more adept at processing structured information. It is observed by the writers that many existing information systems in the construction industry simply mimic paper-based construction documents, not just in presentations but also in data structures, such as request for information (RFI) forms developed by many existing software vendors. The writers thus question whether enough attention has been put into understanding the impact of the paradigm shift on data management for construction documents. This paper argues that a construction document such as a RFI is usually used by construction professionals to serve particular business purposes, which restricts the content of such a document. Consequently, some types of unstructured information make references implicitly or explicitly to certain types of information that are often well structured such as building or project management information. Further, the occurrence of such cross references is constant and stable among different instances of the same type of documents. A major challenge is to properly capture, represent, and utilize such knowledge in order to improve information processing for construction professionals. Text analysis and statistical analysis are applied by this study to determine the patterns of the occurrences for certain types of concepts that are related to building components, contract documents, or project management in unstructured content. With the identified patterns, this paper further discusses the potential use of metadata models as a method to support processing unstructured content in those documents.     

Overview of the Application of “Fuzzy Techniques” in Construction Management Research

During the last decade, “fuzzy techniques” have been increasingly applied to the research area of construction management discipline. To date, however, no paper has attempted to summarize and present a critique of the existing “fuzzy” literature. This paper, therefore, aims to comprehensively review the fuzzy literature that has been published in eight selected top quality journals from 1996 to 2005, these being Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE; Journal of Management in Engineering, ASCE; Construction Management and Economics; Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management; International Journal of Project Management; Building Research and Information; Building and Environment; and Benchmarking: An International Journal. It has been found that fuzzy research, as applied in construction management discipline in the past decade, can be divided into two broad fields, encompassing: (1) fuzzy set/fuzzy logic; and (2) hybrid fuzzy techniques, with the applications in four main categories, including: (1) decision making; (2) performance; (3) evaluation/assessment; and (4) modeling. The comprehensive review provided in this paper offers new directions for fuzzy research and its application in construction management. Based on a comprehensive literature review on the applications of fuzzy set/fuzzy logic, and hybrid fuzzy techniques in construction management research, an increasing trend of applying these techniques in construction management research is observed. Therefore, it is suggested that future research studies related to fuzzy techniques can be continuously applied to these four major categories. Fuzzy membership functions and linguistic variables in particular can be used to suit applications to solving problems encountered in the construction industry based on the nature of construction, which are widely regarded as complicated, full of uncertainties, and contingent on changing environments. Moreover, hybrid fuzzy techniques, such as neurofuzzy and fuzzy neural networks, can be more widely applied because they can better tackle some problems in construction that fuzzy set/fuzzy logic alone may not best suit. For example, neural networks are strong in pattern recognition and automatic learning while fuzzy set and fuzzy logic are strong in modeling certain uncertainties. Their combination can assist in developing models with uncertainty under some forms of pattern. Finally, an increasing trend of applying fuzzy techniques in the building science and environmental disciplines is also observed; it is believed that the application of fuzzy techniques will go beyond the construction management area into these disciplines as well.     

Communication Patterns in Construction at Construction Manager Level

The procurement process of construction projects has been affected by developments in the field of Information Technology, as well as by the need to cope with growing technological challenges stemming from the integration of multiple building systems into tall and complex buildings. Furthermore, since the procurement phases are undertaken simultaneously, project complexity is increased, and increased integration among them is therefore required. These constraints have made the management of complex construction projects less of an architectural and engineering issue and more of a managerial one. In turn, this has led to an increasing use of the “construction management” concept in the procurement process. This study focused on communications in construction management procurement of building and residential projects in Israel. Communications between the construction manager and the design team were found to be vital in ensuring adherence to project objectives. Communication means were classified as “formal”—written technical information, and as “informal”—verbal communications. Construction managers in Israel still use informal communications in 50% of their interactions with their project counterparts. The study concludes that design capabilities should be one of the essential qualifications required of a construction management firm. In addition to the more traditional responsibilities, such as planning, scheduling, and coordination, the scope of the construction manager’s professional duties should emphasize the aspect of quality management.     

Multiple Device Collaborative and Real Time Analysis System for Project Management in Civil Engineering

Complexity in civil engineering projects has increased over the years, which has led to an increase in the number of organizations involved in those projects. In today’s environment, these organizations operate in different parts of the world requiring their personnel to be geographically distributed. However, current project management practices require project personnel to be geographically collocated and, thus, are unable to provide the infrastructure to support geographically distributed project management teams. In addition, current project management practices require access to personal computer (PC) based resources for project information, which is not always a feasible alternative for on-site project personnel, as it requires certain hardware and office configurations. Thus, alternatives to PC-based resources such as personal digital assistants (PDA) or phones are needed for information access. Moreover, once project information has been conveyed to all project personnel, the system should aid them in terms of providing data analysis tools and presenting technical or management solutions to the problems encountered by the project personnel. This paper presents a collaborative project management system with a knowledge repository, analysis resources, and multiple device access to support the infrastructure of distributed project management teams in complex architecture/engineering/construction projects. The primary goal for such a system would be to provide a platform where project information can be effectively shared with any of the project management personnel from anywhere and with a very few limitations on the computing device.     

Contractor as Trust Initiator in Construction Partnering—Prisoner’s Dilemma Perspective

Partnering has been advocated for use in construction as a project-delivery approach to curb dispute and enable a cooperative contracting environment. Successful construction partnering is perceived to derive benefits to both developers and contractors. In view of significant implications to successful project delivery, there has been a surge of research and studies on construction partnering. These studies typically focus on the partnering process as well as the identification of critical success factors. Among the various success factors that underpin partnering success, establishing trust among partners is considered the most important. Moreover, skeptics have been swift to point out that establishing trust in construction is daunting. A better understanding of the role of trust and its manifestation in partnering efforts is therefore of both academic and practical value. In this study, motivating trust in construction partnering is described within the classic framework of “the prisoner’s dilemma,” which suggests the trust cycle can be kick-started if construction partners put cooperation before competition and self-interest. This paper reports a study that is designed to suggest a suitable candidate for the trust initiator. As such, the critical trust factors for two groups of construction partners in Hong Kong—developers/consultants and contractors—are first identified. It is found that “performance” and “permeability” of partners are the two most critical trust factors. “Performance” describes the partner’s competence and problem-solving ability as perceived by their counterpart. “Permeability” reflects the partner’s openness in sharing information. The result of a multiple-regression analysis further suggests that the contractor is in a position to initiate trust through competent performance and maintaining effective communication with the client. In this manner, the trust cycle can expand with reciprocal trustworthiness from the client.     

Taxonomy of Knowledge Requirements for Construction Executives

Construction projects are achieved through a “project format” where the focus of management is on the planning and control of resources. While this aspect of the construction industry receives significant focus, less attention is paid to the broader concerns of construction organizations, or enterprise management. This lack of focus is resulting in few construction professionals' acquiring the breadth of knowledge required to sufficiently address enterprise management issues. In response to this issue, a taxonomy of knowledge requirements for construction executives has been developed to serve as a map of knowledge areas for construction industry executives. Based on a study of internationally recognized journals, a content analysis methodology was used to gauge the current state of management topics. Based on this content analysis, the paper presents the eight focal areas of knowledge for construction executives and the accompanying emerging topics from management researchers.     

Safety behavior: Job demands, job resources, and perceived management commitment to safety.

The job demands-resources model posits that job demands and resources influence outcomes through job strain and work engagement processes. We test whether the model can be extended to effort-related “routine” safety violations and “situational” safety violations provoked by the organization. In addition we test more directly the involvement of job strain than previous studies which have used burnout measures. Structural equation modeling provided, for the first time, evidence of predicted relationships between job strain and “routine” violations and work engagement with “routine” and “situational” violations, thereby supporting the extension of the job demands-resources model to safety behaviors. In addition our results showed that a key safety-specific construct 'perceived management commitment to safety' added to the explanatory power of the job demands-resources model. A predicted path from job resources to perceived management commitment to safety was highly significant, supporting the view that job resources can influence safety behavior through both general motivational involvement in work (work engagement) and through safety-specific processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Exploiting Knowledge Management: The Engineering and Construction Perspective

Construction companies have always relied on their knowledge assets to provide services to clients. In recent years the terminology “knowledge management” has been introduced. Knowledge management (KM) seeks to formalize the manner in which companies exploit their knowledge assets by harnessing organizational knowledge, promoting greater collaboration between groups with similar interests, capturing and using lessons learned on previous projects, etc. This paper investigates how major United States engineering design and construction firms are implementing knowledge management initiatives in order to identify best practice. It adopts a case study methodology to investigate companies’ strategy and implementation, people aspects, and metrics for performance. The study finds that there is a clear distinction between the knowledge management activities undertaken by large engineering design firms and those of construction firms. There is also a much greater emphasis on knowledge sharing, which is just one component of knowledge management. Moreover, some companies have specific KM initiatives while others have activities that are part of their normal business processes.