^117Sn^m-DTPMP的制备及其在小鼠体内的生物分布

合成了具有亲骨性的氨基膦酸配体二乙基三胺基五亚甲基膦酸（DTPMP）,制备了^117Sn^m（Ⅳ）-DTPMP,并研究其稳定性、亲脂性以及在小鼠体内的生物分布。结果表明,^117Sn^m（Ⅳ）-DTPMP的制备方法简单,稳定性好,亲水,标记率〉95％;在小鼠体内的生物分布表明,^117Sn^m（Ⅳ）-DTPMP的靶向摄取率即骨摄取率较高,注射1h之后达（22．26±2．02）％ID／g,是一种极具潜力的新型放射性药物。     

^117Sn^m（Ⅳ）—EDTMP在体外骨模型上的吸附——Ⅰ．在羟基磷灰石上的吸附

研究了^117Sn^m及^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）－EDTMP在体外骨模型羟基磷灰石（HA）上的吸附及解吸特性，探讨了其骨吸附机理。吸附研究表明：^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）及^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）－EDTMP在HA上都有明显的吸附，其对^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）的吸附量大于对^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）－EDTMP的吸附量；pH对吸附有明显影响，酸性条件最有利于吸附，弱碱性条件最不利于吸附；温度对吸附几乎没有影响。解吸研究表明：生理盐水和EDTMP对^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）－EDTMP的解吸量大于对^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）的解吸量。对^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）－EDTMP的吸附机理研究初步表明：当吸附量小于60μmol/g时，络合物以整个配位络合物吸附为主；当吸附量大于60μmol/g时，配位络合物整体吸附与^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）从配体到HA的转移络合同时存在。     

117Snm-胺基膦酸类配合物的生物分布研究

为了合成具有较高骨摄取和较低血液、肌肉、脾、肺摄取的放疗药物，以用于骨癌和骨转移癌治疗，合成了4种^117Sn^m-胺基膦酸类配合物，并对其在生物体内的分布进行了比较。研究结果表明，^117Sn^m—TTHMP可望成为骨肿瘤治疗药物。     

153Sm,113,117Snm烷基膦酸配合物的表观脂水分配系数及与BSA的结合率

测定了NTMP(次氮三亚甲基膦酸),HEDTMP(N-(羟乙基)乙二胺基三亚甲基膦酸),DCTMP(1,2-环己二胺四亚甲基膦酸),EDTMP(乙基二胺基四亚甲基膦酸),DTPMP(二乙基三胺基五亚甲基膦酸)的^153Sm配合物以及HEDTMP,EDTMP,DTPMP的^113,117Sn^m配合物在正辛醇-水中的表观脂水分配系数和在0．5％牛血清白蛋白(BSA)水溶液中与BSA的结合率。结果表明,这些配合物在正辛醇一水中的相对表观脂水分配系数和在BSA水溶液中与BSA的相对结合率呈线性正相关。两者之间的线性关系为这类配合物脂水分配系数的预测提供了一种新方法,同时也表明,在金属配合物与BSA的结合过程中,疏水作用力起着重要作用。     

188Re-TCTMP的合成及在小鼠体内的分布

合成了氮杂环甲撑膦酸配体TCTMP（1，4，8，11－四氮杂环十四烷－1，4，8，11－四甲基膦酸），研究了亚锡还原下^188Re-TCTMP的制备条件，并探索了该配合物的体外稳定性及在正常小鼠体内分布。结果表明，pH=2,SnCl2量为0.8-1.6mg，配体量为50mg时，可以制得标记率大于95％的配合物^188Re-TCTMP；配合物具有很高的体外稳定性，室温下放置8d，标记率仍不低于95％。小鼠体内分布表明，配合物很快为小鼠骨骼摄取并保留较长时间；与^188Re-HEDP(1-羟基亚乙基二膦酸）相比，^188Re-TCTMP表现出更低的非靶组织摄取。因此，^188Re-TCTMP有望取代^186,188Re-HEDP，成为新型的缓解治疗骨肿瘤疼痛的放射性药物。     

配体量对~(153)Sm-HEDTMP生化性能的影响

研究了配体羟乙基乙二胺三甲撑膦酸（HEDTMP）的量对配合物^153Sm-HEDTMP的脂水分配系数、配合物与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）结合性以及配合物在羟基磷灰石（HA）上吸附性能的影响。结果表明，随着配体量的增大，配合物在正辛醇－水中的分配系数减小；与牛血清白蛋白的结合率下降；在HA上的吸附率有降低的趋势，但不明显。根据三项生化性能对^153Sm-HEDTMP在体内代谢的影响，实际应用时配体应适当过量。     

117mSn－DTPMP的制备及其生物性质研究

合成了具有亲骨性的氨基膦酸配体－DTPMP（二乙基三胺基五亚甲基膦酸）,制备了117mSn(Ⅳ)－DTPMP,对配合物的稳定性、亲脂性作了研究,考察了它在小鼠体内的分布。将其生物性质与已有文献报道的117mSn(Ⅳ)－DTPA作了比较。结果表明117mSn(Ⅳ)－DTPMP的制备方法简单,配合物稳定性好,亲水,在小鼠体内的生物行为表明117mSn(Ⅳ)－DTPMP的靶向摄取率即骨摄取率较高,高于国外文献报道的117mSn(Ⅳ)－DTPA,是一种极具潜力的新型放射性药物。     

188Re-HEDTMP在羟基磷灰石上的吸附效应

在制备^168Re-HEDTMP的基础上，研究了吸附时间、反应温度、配体羟乙基乙二胺三亚甲基膦酸（HEDTMP）用量、pH等因素对配合物在羟基磷灰石（HA）上吸附的影响。结果表明，吸附时间t=10min,n(HEDTMP):n(Re)=50:1，pH=1.5时，可以得到最佳吸附结果，温度对吸附几乎没有影响；吸附产物体外稳定性较好。     

117Snm(Ⅳ)-EDTMP在体外骨模型上的吸附Ⅱ. 在骨胶原上的吸附

研究了^117Sn^m(Ⅳ)-EDTMP在体外骨模型骨胶原上的吸附和解吸特性，并与其在HA上的吸附、解吸特性做了比较。结果表明：pH和温度对^117Sn^m(Ⅳ)-EDTMP在骨胶原上吸附的影响与其在HA上的相似；而^117Sn^m(Ⅳ)-EDTMP在骨胶原上的吸附平衡以及吸附方式与其在HA上的吸附明显不同。^117Sn^m(Ⅳ)-EDTMP在骨胶原上的吸附非常稳定，它们从骨胶原上的解吸量远小于在相同条件下从HA上的解吸量。     

153Sm-HEDTMP的标记及小鼠体内分布研究

制备了经乙基乙二胺三甲撑膦酸(HEDTMP)的^153Sm标记物，研究了标记物的标记条件、体外稳定性、化学计量组成、免SPECT骨扫描及小鼠体内分布。结果表明，弱碱性介质、高配体量有助于标记物的形成，中性、弱碱性介质和高配体量有利于标记物的稳定，实验条件制备的标记物的化学计量组成为^153Sm：HEDTMP=1：1，免骨显像和小鼠体内分布表明标记物主要由动物骨铭系统摄取，是非常有希望的骨肿瘤缓解治疗剂。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.