差分电容硅微加速度计检测电路研究

针对硅微加速度计中微小差分电容检测,提出了一种基于调制解调方法的闭环检测电路,介绍了该闭环检测系统的原理框图和实现途径。分析了基于单路载波的前置电容-电压( C-V)转换电路,证明了基于相关芯片的解调方法的有效性,其解调效率仅对开环输出有影响;基于双路反馈电路的静电力平衡回路有效提高该检测系统的线性度。结合硅微加速度计参数和电路设计参数,对加速度计系统进行了仿真,仿真结果显示系统稳定,刻度系数为0.9 V/gn 左右,带宽700 Hz左右。结合表头进行的精密转台实验结果表明该加速度计系统刻度系数0.88 V/gn,量程可达±13 gn。     

力平衡框架结构加速度计的设计

本文提出了一种基于ICP刻蚀以及静电键合工艺的新型微机械加速度计结构,并通过MATLAB软件对该加速度计系统进行了仿真.这种框架结构可以有效地增大结构静态电容,以便在闭环工作时能产生更大的静电力.它的整体尺寸为2 800μm×3000μm×60 μm,结构惯性质量为0.14 mgn,静态电容为3.618pF,抗过载能力超过5000 gn.通过系统仿真,该加速度计的电压灵敏度为90 mv/gn,量程为±50 gn,系统带宽是10 kHz.     

MEMS加速度计信号光电检测与电容检测的噪声分析

在高精度MEMS扭摆式加速度计电容检测和光电检测实现原理的基础上,分析了该加速度计热机械噪声和电学噪声特性.该加速度计结构在品质因数Q=1和Q=85时,热机械噪声分别为2.4μgn/根号Hz和0.28 μgn/根号Hz.对于电学噪声,电容检测的电学噪声为3.27 μgn/根号Hz,光电检测在只考虑电学噪声时能分辨的最小加速度可达0.05 μgn.对比得出对于扭摆式加速度计结构,光电检测具有比电容检测更小的系统总噪声.     

静电刚度式谐振微加速度计设计

运用梁的横向振动特性分析了梁振动频率与平行板电容形成的静电刚度的关系,并以此设计了静电刚度式谐振微加速度计。在加速度作用下,检测质量产生的惯性力使电容器极板发生位移来改变电容结构的间隙大小,从而使谐振频率发生变化,通过检测频率变化量来测量输入加速度的大小。根据加速度计的工作原理说明检测过程中梁的机械刚度保持不变,只与产生静电刚度的电容间隙变化相关,减小了检测信号对机械误差与残余应力的依赖性。运用加工参数进行理论计算得出加速度计的灵敏度为21．17Hz／gn,在CoventorWare2005中进行仿真表明：加速度计的固有频率为23．94kHz,灵敏度约为20Hz／gn,与理论设计值相近。     

六轴加速度计的结构原理与阻尼振动设计

静电悬浮加速度计为当前国际上精度最高的一类加速度计 ,本文的设计目标为 :量程 12 .5 μgn,灵敏度 1ngn,带宽 0 .1Hz。从静电悬浮加速度计的敏感结构设计出发 ,详细地论述了该类加速度计的电容位移检测原理和微弱加速度检测原理。通过适当的电极配置设计 ,并对六路差分电容输出进行适当的线性组合 ,探讨了该加速度计的六轴检测功能 (三个线加速度和三个角加速度 )。随后对该加速度计的静电悬浮支承系统进行了振动学分析 ,采用 1atm的空气阻尼 ,得出系统的阻尼振动频率为 0 .82 5 Hz,输出采样间隔为 4 s。本文的设计对研制高精度多轴加速度计具有重要参考价值。     

基于电容桥的差动电容检测方法

数字闭环石英挠性加速度计系统主要由石英挠性加速度计表头和数字检测电路组成,其极限精度取决于差动电容检测电路的灵敏度。针对数字闭环石英挠性加速度计前端差动电容检测的需求,给出了一种基于电容桥的差动电容检测方法。利用数字电路产生高频方波进行单载波调制,同时利用交流电容桥结构对载波信号进行处理,并设计后续的差分放大电路对载波信号进一步处理最终实现对微弱差动电容变化的检测。经过实验验证,检测电路对电容的检测最终实现最小分辨率约为1. 8 f F(对应加速度变化1μgn)。     

基于FBG的新型加速度计研究

设计了一种新型的差动式光纤布拉格光栅(Fiber Bragg grating,FBG)加速度计,论述了其传感结构的设计原理、理论分析和有限元仿真。文中设计的主梁与微梁相结合的差动结构形式,克服了传统悬臂梁结构FBG加速度计存在的固有频率与灵敏度相互制约的矛盾,提高了固有频率和灵敏度。同时,为了解决单悬臂梁结构加速度计存在的温度补偿问题,设计了差动式光学检测系统,使该加速度计的灵敏度较传统单悬臂梁结构提高了一倍。理论分析结果表明,该加速度计灵敏度可达到52.7pm/gn,固有频率250Hz。实验结果表明,该结构提高了加速度计的灵敏度,有效解决了FBG加速度计应变和温度交叉敏感问题,实验结果与仿真数据具有很好的一致性。     

一种低噪声MEMS加速度计设计与制作

为了提高微加速度计的噪声性能,研究了一种基于绝缘体上硅(SOI)技术的单轴MEMS加速度计的设计和加工方案。该微加速度计采用大面积质量块的电容式检测结构,通过增加检测质量,在保证灵敏度的前提下,有效地降低了微加速度计的机械布朗噪声,增强了信噪比。另外,该微加速度计采用一种基于Al保护层的MEMS SOI工艺技术制造,有利于提高微加速度计的整体精度水平。测试结果表明:微加速度计的本底噪声为20μgn/√Hz,灵敏度为2.5 V/gn。     

高g值加速度计激光干涉校准及信号解算方法

采用霍普金森杆冲击装置产生激励加速度脉冲,利用激光速度干涉仪对激励信号进行测量,实现对高g值加速度计的校准.提出了过零点法和相位求导法对多普勒信号进行解算.模拟分析结果表明,信噪比为30dB时相位求导法的解算误差为0.20%,优于过零点法.对988型压电式加速度计在18371gn～86806gn的校准实验表明了试验装置和解算方法的有效性.     

开关电路在微机械加速度计中的应用

介绍了一种用于差分电容检测前置电路的开关电路,该电路使信号易于解调而能简化信号处理电路。阐述了电路的工作原理及相关特性,在250 kHz的载波频率下,给出了Hsp ice仿真结果及其具体在微机械加速度计中的应用。实际结果表明:样品的灵敏度为16~25mV/gn,非线性为0.1%~0.5%,满足技术要求。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。