Wire antennas in the presence of a dielectric/ferrite inhomogeneity

A moment method solution for treating thin-wire antennas in the presence of an arbitrary dielectric and/or ferrite inhomogeneity is presented. The wire is modeled by an equivalent surface current density, and the dielectric/ferrite inhomogeneity is modeled by equivalent volume polarization currents. The conduction currents on the wire and the polarization currents in the dielectric/ferrite inhomogeneity are treated as independent unknowns and determined in the moment method solution. The method is applied to the problem of a loop antenna loaded with dielectric or ferrite. Numerical results are presented, and are in good agreement with measurements and previous calculations.     

Resonant Frequency Stability of the Dielectric Resonator on a Dielectric Substrate

A simple approximate method for predicting the resonant frequencies of TE modes of dielectric resonators is developed. By using this method, an analytical expression is derived for the resonant frequency stability of the dielectric resonator on a dielectric substrate, and the effect of the substrate on the stability is studied. The result is useful when the high-frequency stability is required.     

Radiation and scattering from infinite periodic printed antennaswith inhomogeneous media

The hybrid method of moments (MoM)/Green's function method technique is applied to infinite periodic printed antenna arrays containing dielectric inhomogeneities. The solution uses an integral equation for an infinite periodic printed array on or over a homogeneous dielectric substrate, coupled with equivalent volume polarization currents for dielectric inhomogeneities on top of the homogeneous substrate. Volume pulse-basis functions were used to expand the volume polarization currents. A hybrid MoM/Green's function method solution was then obtained through the matrix form of the problem. The two-dimensional (2-D) solution of plane wave scattering from a grounded dielectric slab was used to validate the reaction impedance of the dielectric inhomogeneity. Several infinite periodic printed dipole arrays with dielectric supports and overlays were studied with this solution and good agreement was observed between the hybrid MoM/Green's function method and waveguide simulator experiments     

Application of Hill's functions to problems of propagation in stratified media

A novel method of solving Maxwell's equations in a plane-stratified dielectric layer is presented, The governing differential equations for each polarization are solved in terms of Hill's functions. The formulation yields solutions which are formally exact and applicable to an extremely wide range of dielectric variations within the layer, without restriction to any particular frequency regime. The method is used to study the reflection of a plane wave polarized parallel to the plane of incidence by an inhomogeneous layer separating two homogeneous regions of infinite extent. The effect of the graded boundary on the Brewster-angle phenomenon is discussed for the case where the two homogeneous regions have different dielectric properties. Reflections from a dielectric duct are also considered as an illustration of the utility of the method.     

Scattering from a circular dielectric post embedded in a groundeddielectric sheet waveguide

A systematic method for obtaining the scattered electric field in a grounded dielectric sheet waveguide is presented. It is shown that the point-matching method can be used for an explicit calculation of the integral equation to estimate the scattering from a circular dielectric post embedded in the grounded sheet. The magnitude of the reflection coefficient as a function of dielectric constant is given     

Green's function for arbitrarily shaped dielectric bodies of revolution

In this paper, a solution is developed to calculate the electric field at one point in space due to an electric dipole exciting an arbitrarily shaped dielectric body of revolution (BOR). Specifically, the electric field is determined from the solution of coupled surface integral equations (SIE) for the induced surface electric and magnetic currents on the dielectric body excited by an elementary electric current dipole source. Both the interior and exterior fields to the dielectric BOR may be accurately evaluated via this approach. For a highly lossy dielectric body, the numerical Green's function is also obtainable from an approximate integral equation (AIE) based on a surface boundary condition. If this equation is solved by the method of moments, significant numerical efficiency over SIE is realized. Numerical results obtained by both SIE and AIE approaches agree with the exact solution for the special case of a dielectric sphere. With this numerical Green's function, the complicated radiation and scattering problems in the presence of an arbitrarily shaped dielectric BOR are readily solvable by the method of moments.     

Computations of Frequencies and Intrinsic Q Factors of TE/sub 0nm/ Modes of Dielectric Resonators (Short Papers)

The Rayleigh-Ritz method is described, which is used to calculate the resonant frequencies and intrinsic Q factors due to dielectric losses of quasi TE/sub onm/ modes of dielectric resonators. Electromagnetic fields of an auxiliary post dielectric resonator are taken as an electrodynamics basis for approximate solutions of this problem. The method provides upper bounds for true resonant frequencies. Numerical results are compared with previously published complementary calculations. The influence of a dielectic substrate on resonant frequencies and intrinsic Q values is demonstrated.     

Scattering by an E plane dielectric sheet in rectangular waveguide

A method for the computation of S-parameters associated with a rectangular waveguide with a rectangular dielectric obstacle is presented. The method uses the Method of Lines and discretization of the dielectric permittivity to treat the dielectric discontinuity along the discretization direction. In this way, the Method of Lines can be applied to analyze waveguide discontinuity with dielectric inhomogenousity along the discretization direction. The numerical results have been verified by both theoretical and experimental results.     

Full wave approach for the analysis of open planar waveguides withfinite width dielectric layers and ground planes

A unified full wave approach based on an extended method of lines is presented for the analysis of open planar waveguides. It can be used to analyze various open planar waveguides and is suitable especially for dielectric substrates with discontinuities and/or with finite ground planes where a full wave approach is not available yet. The convergence of the method is examined by numerical experiments. As application examples, the dispersion characteristics of open single and coupled microstrip lines with finite dielectric substrates are calculated and compared with the full wave results for structures with infinite width dielectric/conductor and the available quasi-static results for single microstrip line with finite dielectric in the literature. The effect of dielectric width on the characteristics is also discussed     

Wave propagation in transversely inhomogeneous dielectric waveguide

Guided mode propagation in inhomogeneous dielectric waveguides is calculated by a series expansion method which is particularly useful for analysing single-mode dielectric waveguides. As an example we estimate the error in the phase constant of waveguides whose dielectric constant profile is not necessarily near-parabolic.     

Rigorous analysis of shielded cylindrical dielectric resonators bydyadic Green's functions

This paper presents a rigorous approach for the calculation of resonant frequencies of a metallic cavity loaded by a dielectric resonator. Tangential fields at the air-dielectric interface are derived from dyadic Green's functions and boundary conditions are applied. Dyadic Green's identity and the boundary element method are used to solve the numerical problem. In order to validate the method, resonant frequencies are calculated for a cylindrical cavity loaded with a dielectric cylinder and compared with available results in the literature. Then resonance is studied for dielectric cylinder in a rectangular cavity. In the case of multiple dielectric resonators in the cavity, the coupling coefficient is computed with an original method based on the use of symmetries     

Strip dielectric wave guide antenna-for the measurement of dielectric constant of low-loss materials

The value of dielectric constant are the most important parameters in material science technology. In micro-wave and millimeter wave circuits using dielectric materials the values of this parameters should be known accurately. It is observed that the number of methods are reported in litrature, however these methods impose difficulties in experimentation and are not very accurate. In this paper a novel approach to the measurement of the dielectric constant of low loss materials at micro-wave and millimeter wave frequencies has been discussed. In this method by using antenna theory, a metallic strip dielectric guide is taken in to constideration and band reject phenomenon of dielectric antenna is used. Frequency response of an antenna in band reject mode is a function of the dimensional parameters, such as the metallic strip period, the profile of the metallic strip and the dielectric constant of the material used. Hence if one measure the frequency responce of the antenna in band reject mode, the dielectric constant of the material is determined provided all other parameters are known. This method gives a direct measure of dielectric constant and is quite accurate as computer techniques are used for evaluating the dielectric constant. This method verified experimentally also.     

The Diffraction of Electromagnetic Waves by Dielectric Steps in Waveguides

The problem of determining the scattered electromagnetic fields when a dielectric step discontinuity is placed in a waveguide is considered. Although an exact method of solution is not presently known, the recently introduced modified residue-calculus technique (MRCT) can be successfully extended to obtain a very accurate and numerically efficient approximate solution of the semi-infinite dielectric step. A still further extension of the modified residue-calculus method yields the approximate solution for the case of a finite dielectric step. A unique advantage of the present methods is that the degree of accuracy obtained is independent of the relative permittivity of the dielectric material and of the frequency. Thus very high permittivities or frequencies can be considered without an attendant increase in computational complexity. Numerical data are presented which confirm the accuracy of the method.     

An impedance sheet approximation for thin dielectric shells

An approximate equivalence between an impedance loaded surface and a thin dielectric shell is given. This approximation is used to compute the backscattering from a thin circular dielectric tube and the results are compared to the exact solution. Computations for backscattering from a thin dielectric cone-sphere and resonant wire loop inside of a thin dielectric cylinder are also given as further illustrations of the method.     

介质加盖高增益微带天线的优化

本文提出了利用点源增益优化方法设计介质加盖的高增益微带天线的方法,所确定的各介质层的电厚度能保证天线取得最高的增益。同时优化计算量也成倍减少。所设计的一个两层介质加盖微带天线的最高增益达到16.8dB。分析结果还表明,在一定条件下,增益和效率是可以兼顾的,用加盖的方法提高天线增益的同时仍可使天线具有较高的辐射效率。     

Strip antennas in a dielectric slab

A general technique for analyzing wire antennas in the presence of a dielectric inhomogeneity is described. The solution is a moment method technique and has the advantage that the dielectric inhomogeneity introduces no new unknowns into the solution. The technique is applied to strip antennas in an electrically thin dielectric slab.     

介质圆柱的单站微波成像方法

提出一种对介质圆柱实现单站微波成像的方法。该方法通过时域有限差分法进行电磁场正过程的仿真计算,采用整数微分进化策略实现逆过程的寻优计算。分别分析TE模式和TM模式的近场散射信号得到介质成像目标在电磁波传播方向上尺寸大小的估计,并以此为依据,确定成像目标的尺寸范围,从而确定逆过程的寻优区间。该方法无需像传统成像方法围绕成像目标设置多个发射/接收天线以获取成像信息,从而大大减少了成像的必要条件。采用该方法,在TE模式和TM模式下分别对介质圆柱目标进行仿真成像,获得了良好的效果。     

蒙皮天线的浅介质腔体散射特性分析

随着隐身技术的不断发展,天线雷达散射截面( RCS)的缩减成为实现低散射平台电磁隐身特性的关键。蒙皮天线是天线RCS缩减的重要技术方向,而腔体散射又是蒙皮天线难以避开的问题,因此,介质浅腔的RCS缩减是实现低RCS天线的重要保障。通过仿真软件FEKO对浅腔、介质及介质浅腔的散射特性进行研究,得到了介质浅腔散射随介质浅腔深度呈现单调变化的条件,给出了一种具有低RCS值的菱形介质浅腔设计方法。该方法利用天线电性能及介质浅腔隐身性能对介质板厚度呈现单调变化的特性,在满足天线驻波比要求的基础上,通过尽量减薄介质基板的厚度实现介质浅腔RCS的缩减。实测结果表明,通过上述方法设计的介质浅腔的RCS得到了接近10 dB的缩减效果。     

A numerical simulation of scattering from one-dimensionalinhomogeneous dielectric random surfaces

An efficient numerical solution for the scattering problem of inhomogeneous dielectric rough surfaces is presented. The inhomogeneous dielectric random surface represents a bare soil surface and is considered to be comprised of a large number of randomly positioned dielectric humps of different sizes, shapes, and dielectric constants above an impedance surface. Clods with nonuniform moisture content and rocks are modeled by inhomogeneous dielectric humps and the underlying smooth wet soil surface is modeled by an impedance surface. In this technique, an efficient numerical solution for the constituent dielectric humps over an impedance surface is obtained using Green's function derived by the exact image theory in conjunction with the method of moments. The scattered field from a sample of the rough surface is obtained by summing the scattered fields from all the individual humps of the surface coherently ignoring the effect of multiple scattering between the humps. The statistical behavior of the scattering coefficient σ° is obtained from the calculation of scattered fields of many different realizations of the surface. Numerical results are presented for several different roughnesses and dielectric constants of the random surfaces. The numerical technique is verified by comparing the numerical solution with the solution based on the small perturbation method and the physical optics model for homogeneous rough surfaces. This technique can be used to study the behavior of scattering coefficient and phase difference statistics of rough soil surfaces for which no analytical solution exists     

电磁开腔测量多层介质样品复介电常数

本文提出了一种在毫米波和亚毫米波微段利用电磁开腔测量多层介质样品复介电常数的新方法。在ｋａ波段利用特制的开腔装置建立了一套电磁开腔电介质参数测量系统，并对一些多层介质样品进行了实际测量。测量结果与标称值十分吻合。