调制掺杂AlxGa1-xN/GaN异质结构的微应变

用MOCVD方法在 (0 0 0 1)取向的蓝宝石 (α -Al2 O3)衬底上生长了不同势垒层厚度的Al0 .2 2Ga0 .78N/GaN异质结构 ,利用高分辨X射线衍射 (HRXRD)测量了其对称反射 (0 0 0 2 )和非对称反射 (10 14 )的倒易空间图 (RSM )。分析结果表明 ,势垒层内部微结构与应变状态和下层i -GaN的微结构与应变状态互相关联 ,当厚度大于 75 0 时 ,势垒层开始发生应变弛豫 ,临界厚度大于5 0 0 。势垒层具有一种“非常规”应变弛豫状态 ,这种状态的来源可能与n -AlGaN的内部缺陷以及i-GaN/α -Al2 O3界面应变弛豫状态有关     

La0.7Ca0.3MnO3薄膜的掠入射X射线衍射研究

利用90°离轴射频磁控溅射方法将Lao.7Ca0.3MnO3(LCMO)沉积于(001)取向的SrTiO3(STO)、MgO和α-Al2O3(ALO)单晶基片上,薄膜厚度均为500 A.通过掠入射X射线衍射技术测量了LCMO薄膜的横向晶格常数(即面内晶格常数),结合常规X射线衍射研究了LCMO薄膜的晶格应变及其弛豫情况.结果表明,LCMO薄膜在MgO和ALO基片上的应变弛豫临界厚度很小,这可能与薄膜-基片之间高的晶格失配率有关.LCMO薄膜的应变弛豫与四方畸变的弛豫可能具有不同的机制.利用掠入射X射线衍射对LCMO薄膜面内生长取向的研究给出了与利用电子显微技术研究相同的结果.     

SiGe/Si(100)外延薄膜材料的应变表征研究

如何表征SiGe／Si异质外延薄膜中的应变对提升SiGe器件的性能至关重要。本文详细介绍了卢瑟福背散射／沟道效应(RBS／C)、高分辨率X射线衍射(HRXRD)和拉曼(Raman)谱等技术表征SiGe薄膜中应变的原理。通过这些实验技术,研究了SiGe／Si外延薄膜在氧气和惰性气体氛围下高温退火前后应变弛豫及离子注入Si衬底上外延生长的SiGe薄膜应变状态。     

PZT／LSCO集成薄膜的微结构性质研究

本主要利用X射线衍射技术研究由直流／射频磁控溅射方法制备的PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3(PZT)/La1.85Sr0.15CuO4(LSCO)集成薄膜的界面和表面的微结构,从而给出它的界面和表面的均方根粗糙度,有效晶粒尺寸,应变大小,用计算反射率方法对小角衍射曲线做理论模拟,从我们的实验结果可见,当所制备的铁电／超导薄膜PZT层厚度从48．7nm到996．0nm变化而LSCO层保持1000？不变时,PZT与LSCO的应变状态不同,相差近一个数量级,同时PZT层表面的均方根粗糙度略有增加,本报告对实验结果作了初步讨论。     

YBa2Cu3O7—x／La2／3Ca1／3MnO3异质结构薄膜的微结构

本通过高分辨X射线衍射及掠入射(GID)的实验方法对生长在SrTiO3衬底上的LLa2/3Ca1/3MnO3和YBaCu3O7单层膜及YBa2Cu3O7-x/La2／3Ca1／3MnO3异质结构双层薄膜的微结构进行了研究。结果发现,所有薄膜都呈c向生长。由于热膨胀系数的不同而引起的热应力使得LCMO膜的晶格参数与靶材的相差较大。La2/3Ca1/3MnO3在单层腹及双层膜中都由靶材的立方结构变成了薄膜状态的四方结构。YBa2Cu3O7在单层膜及双层膜中都由靶材的正交结构变成了薄膜状态的四方结构。La2/3Ca1/3MnO3膜与YBa2Cu3O7膜在不同的样品中处于不同的应力状态。     

铈掺杂对二氧化钛纳米颗粒微结构的影响

报道了铈掺杂对二氧化钛纳米颗粒微结构的影响。用溶胶一凝胶方法制备了不同铈含量的TiO2纳米颗粒,在不同的温度下煅烧得到纳米样品系列。用X射线衍射(XRD)、小角X射线散射(SAXS)以及X射线吸收谱(XAFS)技术研究了铈离子掺杂和煅烧温度对二氧化钛纳米颗粒微结构的影响。结果发现：铈离子的掺入有效地抑制了二氧化钛纳米颗粒的生长和在高温下的相变。纳米颗粒“自相似”的分形结构与铈含量和煅烧温度有关。用核心-壳层模型描述了钛的近邻原子结构。     

Si缓冲层生长温度对SiGe外延层结构的影响

用X射线摇摆曲线和掠入射衍射、透射电镜、原子力显微镜等实验技术研究了MBE方法生长的Si缓冲层生长温度对SiGe／Si异质结结构的影响。结果表明，所研究的SiGe外延层晶格发生完全弛豫，但表面粗糙度和界面失配位错随Si缓冲层的生长温度而变化，最佳生长温度为450℃；缓冲层晶格应变是达到高质量SiGe外延层的主要原因。     

GaAs/AlAs/GaAs氧化前后的微结构表征

研究了GaAs/AlAs/GaAs三层膜氧化前后成分和微结构的变化。对GaAs/AlAs/GaAs利用横向氧化的方式得到了GaAs/Al2 O3/GaAs薄膜 ,利用X射线小角反射和高角衍射技术进行了微结构表征。结果表明 ,氧化前GaAs/AlAs/GaAs结构中 ,AlAs层与表面GaAs之间存在着一层110 的均匀过渡层。AlAs层分成厚度为 4 0 和 10 5 0 的两层 ,而 4 0 厚的AlAs层的平均原子密度比 10 5 0 厚的减小。利用横向氧化的方式使得AlAs完全氧化为Al2 O3,而且与氧化前相比 ,其过渡层的厚度与粗糙度均减小。     

用同步辐射共聚焦X射线方法研究古代彩绘样品的层状结构

同步辐射共聚焦X射线方法是一种元素成分及其化学结构的三维无损分析方法,在地质、考古、环境、生物及材料等领域具有重要的应用。在上海光源的硬X射线微聚焦光束线站(BL15U)建立共聚焦X射线实验方法,并用于故宫彩绘样品的制作工艺及层状结构分析。基于BL15U的K-B聚焦系统,在能散探测器前采用会聚毛细管半透镜实现与K-B聚焦镜焦点的共聚焦状态,深度分辨在8.04 ke V(Cu-Kα)为31.5μm,可以开展共聚焦微束X射线荧光(Micro-X-ray Fluorescence,Micro-XRF)和共聚焦微束X射线吸收精细结构(Micro-X-ray Absorption Fine Structure,Micro-XAFS)实验研究。对故宫斗彩陶瓷和彩绘样品进行了元素及其化学态的深度分布分析,获得了斗彩陶瓷特有的三层釉结构以及彩绘样品内部颜料的化学信息。实验结果表明,该系统具有较高的空间分辨和探测灵敏度,是文物样品三维无损分析的有力工具。     

天然矿物硬玉(NaAlSi2O6)的压致相变研究

在室温下通过同步辐射X射线衍射和DAC高压技术,进行了天然矿物硬玉(NaAlSi2O6)的原位超高压结构研究,发现样品经过了C2／c-P21／c-Pbcn系列的相变,最后分解为CaFe2O4结构的NaAlSiO4和斯石英SiO2。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.