短路过渡液桥形状动态模型的研究

分析实际短路过渡液桥形状的动态变化,在此基础上,在一定的假设条件下,从数学的角度建立GMAW短路过渡液桥形状动态变化模型。然后结合焊接回路的动态模型,对液桥形状动态变化进行仿真计算;并与实际进行比较。     

短路过渡CO2焊接熔滴形状数值模拟与控制

为了进一步提高短路过渡CO2气体保护电弧焊的工艺性能和焊接质量,根据高速CCD摄像获得的熔滴及其短路过渡图像,分析了熔滴与熔池短路前的形状对熔滴与熔池的短路、熔滴在熔池中的铺展及液桥缩颈形成的影响.采用熔滴静力平衡模型研究了电磁力(燃弧电流)、表面张力、重力与熔滴形状的关系,并通过对燃弧电流的精确控制实现了对熔滴形状的有效控制.当熔滴与熔池短路前为细长形状时,短路过渡过程稳定柔顺,而当熔滴为扁平形状时,则不利于熔滴的短路过渡,甚至产生瞬时短路.燃弧阶段的熔滴形状体现了各种力对熔滴的作用,而电磁力(燃弧电流)是决定熔滴形状的主要因素.根据燃弧电流对熔滴形状的影响规律,提出了采用前期大、后期小的燃弧电流控制原则,以在燃弧的不同阶段获得不同的熔滴形状.试验结果表明该控制方法获得了良好的适合于熔滴短路过渡的短路前熔滴形状,短路过渡过程柔顺稳定,消除了瞬时短路以及由此导致的飞溅,改善了熔滴的短路过渡行为,短路过渡结束后焊丝端部的残余液态金属具有良好的一致性.     

IGBT逆变弧焊电源CO2气体保护焊飞溅的波形控制

随着逆变焊机的发展和数字技术的应用,逆变CO2气体保护焊电源可通过调节焊接电源输出的电流与电压来控制熔滴过渡,改善焊缝成形,降低飞溅.根据熔滴过渡不同阶段的要求产生电流与电压控制信号,进行波形控制可实现调节短路电流上升速度,以减小短路峰值电流,降低短路爆炸能量;减少瞬时短路的次数;通过短路后期液桥颈缩电压上升率切断短路电流,消除电爆炸能量.以此有效减少CO2气体保护焊短路过渡产生的飞溅量,为低飞溅CO2气体保护焊的设计与实现提供有力保证.     

GMAW电弧声的参数化模型及应用

以焊接质量在线监控为目的,针对短路过渡气体保护焊(GMAW)电弧声信号进行了时域和频域特征分析,提出电弧声道的概念,建立其参数化等效电气模型。利用线性预测(LPC)模型参数构造径向基函数(RBF)神经网络输入样本空间,对焊接保护气流量不足进行了在线模式识别。研究认为：电弧声呈现振铃形信号,主要发生于短路结束再引弧时刻,大部分能量分布在10 kHz以下频带。电弧声源于电弧能量变化,电弧及其周边的物理和几何形态形成分布参数的声道系统。电弧声是声源和声道共同作用的结果,其频谱主要取决于声道的作用。声道可用时变系数的数字滤波器等效,LPC是其参数化模型的一个估计,在焊接质量在线监控方面具有应用价值。     

基于12维统计矢量的GMAW焊接过程监测模糊神经网络系统

将熔化极气体保护焊(GMAW)焊接电参数概率密度分布(PDD)和时间频数分布(CFD)数值信息进行进一步的处理,用其平均值、方差和标准方差等统计参数,构成12维矢量S12,描述不同工艺条件下的GMAW焊接过程。综合神经网络和模糊技术的优点,建立了模糊神经网络系统FKCN,对8种工艺条件下24个GMAW焊接试验的识别成功率达到了100％。     

双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW高效焊接工艺

在介绍了双丝旁路耦合电弧熔化极气体保护焊(双丝旁路耦合电弧(Double-electrode gas metal arc welding,DE-GMAW))高效焊接工艺原理的基础之上,采用双闭环反馈解耦智能控制系统,进行双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW高速焊接工艺试验,测量双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW母材热输入,分析双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW高效焊接工艺机理,并对双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW高效焊接工艺方法进行改进,进一步研究混合气体保护下的双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW及其熔滴过渡行为,且开发出单电源双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW。研究表明:采用双闭环反馈解耦智能控制系统使双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW焊接过程稳定性更好、精确度更高且响应速度更快;旁路分流是实现高效焊接的同时降低母材热输入的关键;采用混合气体保护下的双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW能进一步提高焊接过程稳定性,单电源双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW能形成良好的焊缝成形,且设备成本低。     

高强度X80钢的GMAW熔滴过渡行为研究

高强度X80钢管道的主线焊接方式为GMAW,根焊时采用内部短弧控制.本文研究了X80钢的GMAW熔滴过渡行为,采用高速摄影设备,拍摄观察了熔滴过渡过程,并提取了短路过渡中对应的电信号,研究了它们之间的动态响应过程.研究发现,熔滴过渡过程中受电磁力的影响较大,合适的焊接参数可以使熔滴平稳过渡.     

CO_2气体保护焊技术问答?

1.二氧化碳气体保护焊(以下简称 CO_2焊接)时,“熔滴过渡”是怎么回事?共有几种过渡形式?采用短路过渡的短弧焊为什么适于薄板和空间全位置焊接?[答]:CO_2焊接是一种熔化极气体保护焊,在进行 CO_2焊接时,在电弧的热作用下,焊丝不断地被熔化,液体金属不断地离开焊丝未端进入熔池.这个过程称为“熔滴过渡”。熔滴过渡是 CO_2焊接中的一个重要环节,     

GMAW焊接熔滴长大和脱离动态过程的数学分析

考虑GMAW焊接过程中熔滴过渡的主要特点,利用“质量-弹簧”理论建立了熔滴过渡的数学模型,对连续电流条件下GMAW焊接熔滴过渡过程进行了动态力学分析。定量分析了熔滴过渡形式、振荡速度等对熔滴过渡行为的影响,预测出了不同焊接电流条件下的熔滴脱离尺寸和过渡频率。结果表明,在同一焊接电流条件下, 上一个熔滴的脱离会影响到下一个熔滴在焊丝末端的振荡,并影响熔滴的尺寸和过渡周期:熔滴尺寸和过渡频率的理论计算值与试验数据基本吻合。     

工程应用中的钛型CO_2气体保护药芯焊丝熔滴过渡

分析了GMAW熔滴过渡形态,重点探讨了钛型渣系CO2气体保护药芯焊丝的电弧、熔滴过渡特性,并以工程应用实例论证该类焊丝熔滴主流过渡形态。结果表明,GMAW用焊丝的工艺质量很大程度取决于熔滴过渡形态和电弧行为。熔化极气体保护电弧焊主要熔滴过渡形态是滴状过渡、短路过渡和喷射过渡。钛型渣系CO2气体保护药芯焊丝的电弧形态应属于活动、连续型,在大电流、强规范(含高的电弧电压)条件下施焊时,该焊丝熔滴主流过渡形态是非轴向滴状过渡。     

“<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">disassembly plan approach based on subassembly concept</Emphasis>”

A three-dimensional numerical model is established to study the temperature and fluid flow fields in the twin-wire gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process. The high-speed photography system is used to capture the images of the weld pool during the welding. Based on simulation and experimental results, the weld pool formation, convection, and stability in twin-wire GMAW process are investigated. Both “push-pull” and outward flow patterns exist in the twin-wire GMAW weld pool, which can contribute to decreasing the height of the bulge and increasing the width of the pool. The convection in the weld pool can proceed adequately, the arc force between the leading and trailing arcs is relatively balanced, surface tension normal force is uniform along the liquid channel, and the liquid channel is capillary stable, all of those contribute to the stability of the weld bead. The simulation results are in good agreement with those in the experiment.     

Adaptive volumetric heat source models for laser beam and laser + pulsed GMAW hybrid welding processes

Laser + pulsed gas metal arc welding (GMAW) hybrid welding process is an attractive joining technology in industry due to its synergy of the two processes. It is of great significance to conduct fundamental investigations involving mathematical modeling and understanding of the hybrid welding process. In this study, an adaptive heat source model is first developed for laser beam welding. Through combining the ray-tracing method with the keyhole profile determination technique based on the local energy balance, the keyhole shape and size are calculated and correlated to the distribution parameters of the volumetric heat source model. Then, thermal action characteristics in laser + pulsed GMAW hybrid welding are considered from viewpoint of macro-heat transfer, and a combined volumetric heat source model for hybrid welding is developed to take consideration of heat input from laser, pulsed gas metal arc, and overheated droplets. Numerical analysis of thermal conduction in hybrid welding is conducted. The shape and size of fusion zone and weld dimension in the quasi-steady state are calculated for various hybrid welding conditions, which have a fair agreement with the experimental results.     

Impacts of external longitudinal magnetic field on arc plasma and droplet during short-circuit GMAW

In gas metal arc welding, electromagnetic force, plasma stream force, gravity, and surface tension are the most important factors that affect metal transfer and spatter generation rate. In this paper, different kinds of external electromagnetic fields were introduced to gas metal arc welding (GMAW). The photos of arc plasma and droplet and electric signals covering welding current and arc voltage were acquired synchronously by an analysis and evaluation system based on LabView for GMAW. It was confirmed that the metal transfer frequency was improved, and spatter generation rate was diminished under controls of external electromagnetic fields. The influencing rules of external electromagnetic fields on electromagnetic force, the gravity, the plasma stream force, and surface tension were studied by three physical models, and the mechanism of external electromagnetic fields was revealed. This paper is for the purpose of discussing these factors and will make a profit for the application of electromagnetic coupling control to short-circuit GMAW.     

焊接电流影响GMAW双丝焊电弧等离子体的数值模拟研究

基于电磁学理论和流体力学理论,建立熔化极气体保护焊(Gas metal arc welding,GMAW)双丝焊焊接电弧等离子体三维数学模型,利用流体力学软件Fluent对其进行求解。重点研究焊接电流对GMAW双丝焊电弧等离子体行为的影响规律,获得了电弧温度、电流密度、热通量、磁场分布等结果。研究发现,随着焊接电流的变化,电弧等离子体形状变化显著。随着焊接电流的增大,电弧最高温度和电弧偏转角随之增大,电流密度和工件表面热通量由双峰分布转变为单峰分布,并且热通量峰值随焊接电流的增大而增大。此外,随着焊接电流的增大,磁感应强度和磁场力随之最大,磁场分布由独立两个磁场向耦合磁场转变。为有效、定量地证明模拟结果准确性,开展焊接试验,利用高速摄像监测电弧行为,利用光谱测温测量电弧温度。结果表明模拟结果同试验结果吻合良好,研究结果为合理选择GMAW双丝焊焊接电流参数提供理论依据。     

Prevention of humping bead associated with high welding speed by double-electrode gas metal arc welding

Manufacturing productivity can be improved by increasing the welding speed. However, humping bead will occur when welding speed is beyond a certain value. An experimental system of double-electrode gas metal arc welding (DE-GMAW) was developed to implement high speed welding and prevent from humping bead formation. The DE-GMAW appropriately partition the heat energy between the wire and the base metal so that higher deposition rate of filler wire and suitable shape and size of weld pool are ensured. The arc images captured during DE-GMAW process were used to optimize the geometric parameters between the gas tungsten arc welding and the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) torches. The main arc and bypass arc integrated well and satisfactory weld bead formation was obtained. Through observing the weld pool behaviors from side view during DE-GMAW process, it was found that the height of both solidified and molten region at the pool tail is almost flat so that no humping bead was formed during DE-GMAW with the welding speed up to 1.7?m/min. The side view images of weld pool in DE-GMAW were compared with those in conventional GMAW, and the reason why DE-GMAW can suppress humping bead is shortly discussed.     

Monitoring of liquid droplets in laser-enhanced GMAW

In the laser-enhanced gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process developed recently, droplets of melted metal can be detached from the wire under relatively low currents with the assistance of an auxiliary force provided by a laser. The stability of the arc and the quality of the resultant welds are improved. To compete with the gas tungsten arc welding of the much lower productivity in joining precision, the size of the droplet can be pre-defined and be controlled to meet the requirements from different applications. For this purpose, image processing algorithms are developed to measure the size of a growing droplet during the laser-enhanced GMAW process. The relatively low contrast, strong illumination and reflection caused by the laser, and strong radiation from the arc make an automatic processing of the image challenging. Images are analyzed to understand its characteristics and design the image processing and recognition algorithms accordingly. In particular, a model-based method is used to filter out non-droplet edge points and a second order equation in the polar coordinate system is introduced to model the droplet. Experimental results verified the effectiveness of the developed algorithms.     

CO2气体保护焊短路过渡与电弧电压关系的研究

针对CO2短路过渡气体保护焊过程中的飞溅问题，通过焊接质量分析仪采集电压、电流动态信息，找到与飞溅相关的熔滴缩颈、熔滴短路和熔滴小桥爆断时刻的标志信息，为短路过渡气保焊过程在线监控提供高品质的信息源。