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通过在纳米溴化锂溶液中添加液相添加剂降低溶液沸腾温度,从而有助于大幅度应用工业余热、废热等低品味热源。溶液沸腾温度主要反映了溶液汽泡成核所需的临界活化能(过热度)。尽管影响沸腾温度的因素较多,但是溶液的表面张力是一个重要的因素。此外纳米流体中的分散剂能造成纳米颗粒在加热面上如淤泥般的沉积,湮没了汽化核心,导致沸腾温度升高。 相似文献
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对既有溴化锂溶液、纳米微粒及其相应分散剂配制的纳米溶液,对比测试其与纯溴化锂溶液的表面张力和沸腾温度,探讨了该纳米溶液的热物性及稳定性。实验发现,添加纳米微粒溶液的表面张力明显降低,经过温度工艺处理后,发现溶液中纳米微粒的颗粒度降低,纳米微粒在溴化锂溶液中几乎完全溶解,纳米溶液显现出很好的稳定性,其表面张力和沸腾温度均比纯溴化锂溶液有所降低。研究表明,最佳组份配制的纳米溶液与纳米微粒和相关分散剂有关,经过严格温度处理工艺流程,可获得稳定性、热物性良好的纳米溴化锂溶液,有利于在工程中应用。 相似文献
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除湿剂的沸腾式再生区别于喷淋式再生,受室外环境影响小,具有广阔的应用前景。溶液的沸腾特性的研究对沸腾再生器的设计有重要意义。针对常规除湿溶液LiBr水溶液的池内核态沸腾特性展开实验研究,研究发现:实验范围内,LiBr溶液的沸腾换热系数远低于纯水,并随浓度的增加而降低;溶液稳定沸腾再生对热源温度的要求并不高,LiBr溶液的沸腾温度,随着浓度的增加而升高;溶液沸腾换热机理较单一组分液体沸腾更为复杂,有待进一步深入研究。 相似文献
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《化工新型材料》2016,(9)
以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O、Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O和乙醇为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备PVP/C4H6O4Zn/C4H12O8Mn复合纳米纤维,经过不同温度煅烧得到ZnMn_2O_4纳米纤维,将其运用于锂离子电池负极材料,探讨了煅烧温度对材料结构形貌和电化学性能的影响。利用热重、扫描电镜和X射线衍射等对其热解过程、形貌和晶型结构等进行了表征,通过恒流充放电测试研究煅烧温度对ZnMn_2O_4纳米纤维电化学性能的影响。结果表明:经高温煅烧后纤维形貌发生明显变化,出现了ZnMn_2O_4特征衍射峰,不同温度下煅烧处理后样品的首次放电比容量差异不大,但700℃处理后的样品具有较好的循环性能。 相似文献
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纳米流体作为一种新型换热介质,其表面张力的变化与流体沸腾换热等热物理性质有着密切的联系。纳米流体通常由"两步法"制得,其表面张力受温度、纳米颗粒粒径、纳米颗粒体积分数或质量分数等多方面影响。在前人的研究中,表面张力随流体温度的升高而减小,随纳米颗粒粒径的增加而增大,但表面张力随纳米颗粒体积分数或质量分数的变化情况则不一致。通过总结由不同颗粒与不同基础流体组成的纳米流体表面张力的变化趋势,分析纳米流体表面张力的变化与颗粒亲水性的关系。分析结果表明:亲水型颗粒与疏水型颗粒对纳米流体表面张力的影响恰好相反;亲水型纳米颗粒体积分数或质量分数不同时,其纳米流体表面张力的变化也不相同。 相似文献
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采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2薄膜、TiO2-ZnO纳米薄膜和Ag+/TiO2-ZnO纳米薄膜。通过X射线衍射和原子力显微镜表征了样品的晶相、晶粒尺寸和形貌。以水(H2O)作为极性溶液参照物、苯(C6H6)作为非极性溶液参照物,研究了掺杂量、煅烧温度、表面处理对薄膜光致双亲性的影响。结果表明:在ZnO/TiO2复合薄膜中,适量掺杂Ag+会提高其双亲性,摩尔比为1%时最佳。煅烧温度的不同能够导致薄膜的晶粒粒径、晶型及薄膜表面的粗糙度发生变化,从而影响薄膜的双亲性能。煅烧温度为550℃、经酸溶液或热处理后Ag+/TiO2-ZnO纳米薄膜的双亲性最佳,其晶粒粒径约为21.1nm。此时,亲水角和亲油角分别为2°和0.5°。Ag+/TiO2-ZnO纳米薄膜的双亲性明显高于纯TiO2和TiO2-ZnO纳米薄膜。 相似文献
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以FeSO4(NH4)2SO4、6H2O、CoCl2·6H2O、C6H5Na3O7·2H2O为前驱物,采用水热法合成了钴铁氧体CoFe2O4。用XRD、TEM、VSM分别测试了CoFe2O4颗粒大小、形貌、饱和磁化强度和矫顽力,探讨了反应时间、温度、溶质浓度、酸碱环境对颗粒粒径大小、形貌及其磁性能的影响。结果表明,适度的减短反应时间、降低温度、选取合适的溶质浓度和NaOH溶液浓度,可以得到粒径小、形貌统一的纳米颗粒,并且有助于增大CoFe2O4颗粒的饱和磁化强度。 相似文献
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从实测大生产物料的动态表面张力和静态表面张力数据,用表面活性剂在涂布液的扩散和在新表面吸附过程,分析涂布过程出现的余布弊病,并提出解决的办法。 相似文献
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Haoran Chen Hao Zhu Zhichao Huang Wenhui Rong Kai Wu 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2019,31(50)
A heterogeneous catalytic process involves many surface elementary steps that affect the overall catalytic performance in one way or another. In general, a high‐performance heterogeneous catalyst should meet the main criteria: excellent catalytic activity and high selectivity toward target products. Using surface science techniques, the two‐sidedness of the surface reaction mediations can be explored, from the perspectives of the surface and the molecule manipulations. The surface manipulation refers to a reaction that is mediated by composition and structure of the substrate as well as surface species, while the molecular manipulation relates to a reaction that is mediated by the reacting molecule via the precursor selection, environmental control, or external excitation. The best catalytic system should consist of the most efficient catalyst and the best suitable reacting molecule, in addition to its economic benefit and environmental amity. Recent research progress in surface reaction mediation is outlined, and its two‐sidedness is governed by the Arrhenius equation. This should shed new light on the connection between basic theory and surface reaction mediation strategies. To conclude, challenges and possible opportunities are elaborated for efficient surface reaction mediations. 相似文献
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平衡法测定的是静止表面的表面张力,但若两相界不断更新,则溶质面表面的扩散和吸附未必能达到平衡本文介绍的动态表面张力的测定试验,就是基於测定到达平衡表面张力的时间。 相似文献
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Heterogenous reactions under transport control can be modelled in terms of a film of reaction products covering the reaction surface. Such a surface defines a unique direction in space which may be used to classify transport processes as transverse or longitudinal. Since crossed-gradient transport occurs, a Péclet number Pe is introduced, representing the ratio of the velocities characterizing transverse and longitudinal transport, with transverse transport being by film diffusion of some reacting species and longitudinal transport corresponding to film flow as with wetting processes. If the influence of viscosity is taken into account in terms of a Schmidt number Sc, the long-wave approximation for the evolution of thin films on reaction surfaces is shown to be equivalent to a distinguished limit Pe 0, Sc , while keeping 1/
. The long-wave approximation is derived by an application of the method of strained variables which leads to a film equation for the spatio-temporal evolution of the film thickness h which represents the crucial element for a complete solution of the thermo-hydrodynamics of the layer. Since film generation due to chemical reaction and film removal due to evaporation may compensate for certain thicknesses h, surface phases are found to occur which correspond to stationary layers of uniform thickness. The evolution of the surface layer is shown to be a generalized reaction-diffusion process, with surface waves representing dynamical transitions between surface phases. 相似文献
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R. B. Shaevich 《Measurement Techniques》2007,50(10):1121-1123
A set of equations is proposed that makes it possible to obtain calculation equations for experimental determination of the
specific free surface energy of solids.
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Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 10, pp. 68–69, October, 2007. 相似文献
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反应烧结碳化硅反射镜表面改性技术 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
为了解决新型优质光学材料-反应烧结碳化硅(RB-SiC)由SiC和要Si两相结构引起的光学表面缺陷问题,提出了反射镜表面改性方案并且从加工工艺的角度介绍了改性工艺流程.以空间反射镜的使用环境为依据,对几种适用的RB-SiC改性材料进行了较为全面的分析比较.本文采用新的离子辅助沉积碳化硅(LAD-SiC)材料为改性层,对改性层的表面形貌及部分性能进行了测试,证明IAD-siC膜层能够满足改性要求.在厚度为(6±0.5)μm的IAD-SiC膜层表面进行了一系列抛光工艺实验,文中给出了超光滑表面抛光工艺参数和实验结果.对改性层进行精抛光后,100 mm口径样片的面形精度为0.033X RMS(λ=632.8 nm),表面粗糙度优于0.5mmRMS.结果表明,本方法不仅可以很大程度提高元件表面质量,还可以进一步精修面形,为超光滑,低散射RB-Sic反射镜的加工提供了一条可行途径. 相似文献
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