大功率单级脉管制冷机回热器性能模拟与实验

为了提高单级脉管制冷机在20 K-40 K温区的制冷量,对自行设计制作的1台单级G-M型脉管制冷机采用REGEN3.3进行了计算模拟,获得了铅丸直径选择、不同温区回热器材料最佳组合等结果。在此基础上,对该台单级脉管制冷机进行了试验,实验结果表明该脉管制冷机在20.6K和29.9 K可分别获得20 W和40 W的制冷量,输入功率为7.5 kW。     

大功率脉管制冷机回热器填料优化研究北大核心CSCD

对一台液氮温区百瓦级制冷量的大功率斯特林型脉管制冷机的回热器填料进行了理论优化和实验研究。实验结果发现,在回热器冷端适当组合不同目数的丝网后,会把回热器分成两个部分,这在一定程度上能抑制大功率脉管制冷机回热器中的二次流动,降低回热器中部的温度非均匀性。通过实验得出该脉管制冷机中回热器填料的最优组合为300目不锈钢丝网搭配250目不锈钢丝网,组合比例为10∶1,最终在80 K获得了381.3 W的制冷量。回热器中部最大温差为30.3 K,相较于在回热器中填充单一300目不锈钢丝网的情况,降低了25.6 K。     

脉管制冷机的最新进展

脉管制冷机由于具有结构简单、运转可靠、冷头振动小、寿命长、成本低等优势，近年来发展迅速。着重综述了脉管制冷机近期的最新进展，揭示了脉管制冷机的研究已开始走出实验室，向商业化、实用化方向发展     

单级G-M型脉管制冷机回热器性能

为了能进一步提高单级G-M型脉管制冷机的性能,着重对80 K到300 K温区回热器的效率进行了理论和试验研究.通过对不锈钢和磷青铜丝网材料热渗透深度和热导率的分析,指出在这一温区采用不锈钢丝网的制冷性能优于磷青铜丝网.基于REGEN3.2进行的数值模拟,进一步指出适当增大不锈钢丝网目数有利于提高制冷性能,并由此指导实验取得了理想的结果.单级G-M型脉管制冷机经优化后,取得了11.1 K的最低制冷温度,是当前国内外报道的最好结果;同时该制冷机在20 K和30 K分别可获得17.8 W和40.7 W的制冷量.     

基于并联回热器模型的大功率斯特林脉管制冷机回热器温度不均匀性研究

基于流体网络理论,建立了两个并联的回热器模型来解释回热器内温度不均匀产生机理.通过对回热器内部环流的计算,首次提出了预测回热器最大径向温差的数学模型.最后,还对回热器径向温度不均匀引起的损失进行了定量分析,并提出了抑制大功率斯特林型脉管制冷机回热器内温度不均匀的方法.     

20 K低温制冷机回热器结构设计

20 K温区高效制冷是目前空间探测任务制冷的关键需求之一,斯特林/脉管复合制冷机是实现20 K温区高效制冷的重要技术手段.回热器作为复合制冷机的核心部件,其性能对制冷机的整机性能有决定性的影响.合理的设计方法和流程可以保证回热器的性能.20 K温区时回热器工质氦气和填料的物性与较高温区,如80 K温区,相比有很大区别,...     

大功率斯特林型脉管制冷机的最新研究进展

介绍了国内外大功率脉管制冷机的研究现状及最新进展,探讨了大功率脉管制冷机研究面临的大尺寸回热器中温度和流动的非均匀性等困扰发展的关键科学问题,指出了大功率脉管制冷机研究的发展趋势.     

脉管制冷机光纤结构回热器特性的模拟与分析

提出采用基于多孔光纤技术的以熔融石英为材料的回热器构想,其流道水力半径可以达到比高目数不锈钢丝网更小的尺度,然后就635目不锈钢丝网(rh=8μm)和熔融石英多孔平行管(rh=8μm、5μm、1μm)等4个算例进行模拟计算和优化分析。结果显示,在相同的高频工作环境下,采用熔融石英多孔管回热器脉管制冷系统的COP高于采用635目不锈钢丝网系统的COP,并在一定范围内随着石英多孔管水力半径的减小而增高。     

脉管制冷机污染试验研究

通过强化加速试验,从运行时间、加热烘烤温度、自由气体污染和约束气体污染等方面研究了工质气体污染对脉管制冷机制冷性能的影响,试验结果表明,脉管制冷机在工作时,污染物在回热器内的重新分布以及污染回热材料是脉管制冷机产生污染效应的主要因素。结合传热及流阻等理论对试验结果进行了机理分析,其试验结论有助于脉管制冷机的空间工程化应用。     

Theoretical and experimental investigations on the three-stage Stirling-type pulse tube cryocooler using cryogenic phase-shifting approach and mixed regenerator matrices

Theoretical analyses and experimental verification for a three-stage Stirling-type pulse tube cryocooler (SPTC) expected to operate at 5–12 K are conducted. Cryogenic phase-shifting and mixed regenerator matrices are employed to improve the performance at the third stage. Simulations of the phase relationship, dynamic pressure and mass flow rate are presented with third-stage phase-shifters at 40 K, 50 K and 293 K, respectively. Mixed regenerator matrices of conventional stainless steel meshes and rare-earth materials such as Er₃Ni, HoCu₂ and Er_0.6Pr_0.4 are optimized theoretically. Different ratios and combinations are analyzed and compared, and the quantitative analyses by the entropy analysis are made. A three-stage SPTC without external precooling is developed based on the theoretical analyses, and experiments were conducted. The results show a good agreement between simulations and experiments. With an overall input electric power of 370 W, the three-stage SPTC has experimentally reached a no-load temperature of 6.82 K and achieved a cooling capacity of 112 mW at 10 K.     

丙纶填充式回热器单级脉管制冷机性能研究

采用丙纶纤维作为回热器新型填充介质,对单级脉管制冷机进行了试验研究。对丙纶微尺度空间结构及物理性能进行了分析,基于充气压力分别为3.5、3.0、2.8、2.5、2.0、1.5 MPa的工况下,进行了降温性能、频率性能、制冷性能试验,获取了最低制冷温度,最佳工作频率及最大比卡诺效率。研究结果表明,充气压力对丙纶填充回热器的制冷机整体性能影响较大,工作频率的影响不是很明显。最终获得了最大比卡诺效率9.46%@170 K/10.06 W/77 W,最大制冷量为5.47 W@120 K/2.5 MPa,12.02 W@150 K/3.0 MPa,16.49 W@170 K/3.0 MPa,并获得了96.4 K的最低制冷温度。     

压比对回热器性能影响的理论分析

采用谐波分析法,对回热器进行了模拟.针对热声发动机与线性压缩机输出压力波特性的不同,分析了输入压比对回热器性能的影响.计算了给定输入声功率、不同输入压比条件下回热器的优化尺寸,可为脉管制冷机回热器的优化设计提供参考.     

Enthalpy flow rate of a pulse tube in pulse tube refrigerator

An integration formula of enthalpy flow rate along a pulse tube in pulse tube refrigerators is described on the assumption of sinusoidal mass flow rate and sinusoidal pressure fluctuation. For ideal double inlet and ideal orifice pulse tube with helium as working medium, it is simplified to a polynomial formula. Polynomial formulas for roughly evaluating the volume of the pulse tube in ideal double inlet and ideal orifice pulse tube refrigerators are also given.     

Optimal design of the pulse tube refrigerator with slit-type heat exchangers

A single-stage inline pulse tube refrigerator (PTR) with tapered slit-type heat exchangers utilized as the aftercooler and the cold end heat exchanger has been designed, fabricated and investigated. Simple energy conservation equation is applied for the design of the tapered slit-type heat exchangers with which the PTR is optimized. The air-cooled aftercoolers with different slit configurations have been compared in this paper with regard to its cooling capacity. The optimized PTRs driven by a single-piston linear compressor achieve the lowest temperature of 53.1 K and 53.5 K, and the cooling capacity of 3.0 W at 60 K and 3.5 W at 60 K, respectively. The result shows that the tapered slit-type heat exchangers can replace the mesh-type heat exchanger, but the geometric configuration of slits and the compressible volume should be carefully considered for optimum performance of the cooler.     

Stirling-type pulse tube refrigerator with slit-type heat exchangers for HTS superconducting motor

A cryogenic refrigeration system is one of the indispensable components for cooling superconducting motor or generator. Among various configurations of cryogenic refrigeration system, the on-board refrigeration system is considered to be attractive for compactness and small heat leak. In order to turn this concept into reality, we focus on two essential points; development of the specific structure for on-board refrigeration and optimal design of the refrigerator. Since the on-board refrigeration system should not create unbalanced vibration, the inline Stirling-type pulse tube refrigerator is considered as a good candidate and more concrete and efficient structure is developed under the design constraints. The dynamic absorber is used to maintain the dynamic stability of the single acting linear compressor. To increase thermal Carnot efficiency with the on-board Stirling-type pulse tube refrigerator, slit-type heat exchangers are implemented and flow straighteners are carefully designed by the three-dimensional CFD simulation. The overall configuration of the Stirling-type pulse tube refrigerator is designed and fabricated by the optimal process. The present on-board refrigerator has the cooling capacity of 7 W at 59.5 K with the Carnot efficiency of 10.9%. According to these experimental results, the pulse tube refrigerator as the on-board refrigeration system possesses a sufficient thermal efficiency despite the restricted design configuration. The on-board refrigeration is considered as a useful method for cooling HTS superconducting motor.     

Quarter-wave pulse tube

In high-power pulse-tube refrigerators, the pulse tube itself can be very long without too much dissipation of acoustic power on its walls. The pressure amplitude, the volume-flow-rate amplitude, and the time phase between them evolve significantly along a pulse tube that is about a quarter-wavelength long. Proper choice of length and area makes the oscillations at the ambient end of the long pulse tube optimal for driving a second, smaller pulse-tube refrigerator, thereby utilizing the acoustic power that would typically have been dissipated in the first pulse-tube refrigerator’s orifice. Experiments show that little heat is carried from the ambient heat exchanger to the cold heat exchanger in such a long pulse tube, even though the oscillations are turbulent and even when the tube is compactly coiled.