大型发电机主变压器感应过电压计算方法分析

当冲击电压波侵入到变压器高压绕组时,除在本绕组内产生暂态振荡外,也会通过静电感应和电磁感应传递到低压绕组中,使低压绕组侧产生过电压。根据主变压器的等值模型,可以得到电磁感应过电压的计算方法,从而可以定量地计算出主变压器低压侧和发电机可能的过电压,以及发电机的过电压上升速度。计算结果可以作为选择过电压保护设备的依据。     

一起220kV主变10kV侧避雷器的损坏原因

为了找到220kV主变压器10kV侧金属氧化物避雷器烧损的原因,从66kV中性点经消弧线圈接地系统C相发生单相永久性接地故障入手,结合电网和主变压器的接线情况,详细地分析了220kV主变压器10kV侧过电压的产生机理;指出了超过避雷器额定电压的传递过电压长时间作用于避雷器上使10kV避雷器热崩溃是导致损坏的主要原因;提出了用增大低压绕组对地电容或将低压绕组一相接地来限制此类传递过电压的建议。     

基于EMTP/ATP的220 kV变压器非全相运行故障分析

以四川电网某220 k V变电站主变压器非全相运行故障为契机,基于变压器非全相运行时各侧电压相量的理论分析,利用电磁暂态软件EMTP/ATP进行仿真计算分析,合理推断了主变压器非全相运行故障的原因,对理清变压器非全相运行故障机理和防止该类故障具有重要意义。计算结果表明:主变压器低压侧避雷器烧坏是由高压侧中性点接地刀闸拉开时在低压侧产生的周期性励磁涌流过电压引起的,但该操作不会导致高压侧出现过电压,高压侧避雷器动作是由于充电试验中断路器非全相合闸造成的。     

“U”形双层低压绕组的应用及雷电冲击特性

本文中作者介绍了发电机变压器和高压启动备用变压器的低压绕组采用“U”形双层结构时，在雷电冲击电压下的高、低压绕组电位分布，指出低压绕组采用“U”形双层结构比“I”形结构可降低高压侧雷电冲击时在低压绕组中的感应电压。     

变压器传递过电压故障分析及防护措施

针对某变电站主变压器低压侧的绝缘子放电、避雷器爆炸进而导致主变压器跳闸的严重故障,通过用介质损耗因数试验仪进行电容传递过电压试验,结果表明主变压器存在从66kV系统向低压绕组传递过电压,提出在主变压器的低压侧加装3×0.44μF的电容器组,更换10kV系统的电压互感器杜绝其铁磁谐振,消弧线圈分接选择为3分接等限制措施,全面提高了设备的安全运行水平。     

1O kV配电变压器故障引起过电压事故的分析

以两次系统过电压事故为例,阐述配电变压器高压绕组对地绝缘击穿后产生过电压的机理和防止产生过电压的措施.强调配变防雷接线中"三点共地"及低压侧装设避雷器的作用,以提高系统的运行水平.     

10kV配电变压器故障引起过电压事故的分析

以两次系统过电压事故为例,阐述配电变压器高压绕组对地绝缘击穿后产生过电压的机量和防止产生过电压的措施。强调配变防雷接线中“三点共地”及低压侧装设避雷器的作用,以提高系统的运行水平。     

电力变压器冲击电压分布与传递过电压的仿真研究

对典型电力变压器的高压绕组冲击电压分布及低压绕组传递过电压进行了计算分析,研究了低压绕组划分不同单元数对传递过电压的影响.     

一起220kV变压器绕组变形故障诊断与解体分析

正1引言随着电力系统装机容量和电网规模的日益扩大,系统的短路容量也随之增加。在发电厂内,主变压器起到升压的作用,低压侧连接发电机,高压侧连接升压变电站。在运行中变压器遭受近距离出口短路故障,在绕组中将产生大的短路冲击电流,危及变压器绕组的动稳定性和热稳定性,严重时发生变形,会影响变压器的安全运行。某电厂利用机组检修机会对3号主变压器进行预防性试验,结果分析发现变压器A相低电压短路     

±800 kV溪洛渡-浙西直流输电工程换流站直流暂态过电压

特高压直流换流站的过电压水平对换流站设备的绝缘配合和系统的安全可靠运行等方面都有直接影响。基于溪洛渡-浙西±800 kV特高压直流输电工程,对两端换流站的高压端Y/Y换流变压器阀侧绕组接地、低压端Y/Y换流变压器阀侧绕组接地、交流侧相间操作冲击、全电压起动和直流极线接地等典型故障工况进行了仿真研究,给出了溪洛渡换流站和浙西站的相应避雷器承受的最大过电压和能量。计算结果可为该特高压工程换流站设备的绝缘配合设计及相关设备的选型、制造和试验等提供依据。     

Simulation of Lightning Overvoltage Distribution on Stator Windings of Wind Turbine GeneratorsEI北大核心CSCD

This paper analyzes lightning surge on the stator windings of wind turbine generators. The path of lightning in the wind turbines was analyzed. An equivalent circuit model for megawatt direct-driven wi...     

Protecting load devices from the effects of low-side surges

Wherever lightning and poor utility power system grounds exist, distribution secondary systems are subjected to high-voltage surges due to lightning current seeking ground through low-voltage circuits. Utilities are becoming aware of this low-side surge phenomena and are taking measures to protect their distribution transformers' secondary windings. These measures can increase the voltage stress at the customer service entrance. If any ground paths exist on the customer side of the service entrance, surges can penetrate further into the customer's system and damage loads. Damage caused by low-side surges can be avoided if properly coordinated arresters are installed at the transformer secondary, at the service entrance, and at load devices. This work describes the secondary surge phenomena and the importance of protecting the service entrance and critical load devices effectively, especially when the transformer secondary is protected. A properly coordinated and effective protection scheme is described and recommended     

Effect of lightning overvoltages on low-voltage power distribution lines due to direct lightning hits to overhead ground wire

Overhead ground wires and surge arresters have been installed to protect high-voltage power distribution lines and apparatus from overvoltages induced by nearby lightning strokes. The effects of surge arresters for protection of high-voltage distribution lines against direct lightning strokes have already been investigated using the digital simulation program EMTP (Electromagnetic Transients Program). With regard to the protection of low-voltage distribution lines from overvoltages induced by lightning strokes, experimental analyses using a scale model line have been reported. This paper reports on the comparison between the experimental analyses and EMTP simulation of power distribution lines, including low-voltage lines, and the validity of EMTP simulation. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the overvoltages on low-voltage power distribution lines against direct lightning strokes to overhead ground wire using the digital simulation.     

大型电力变压器低压侧绕组直流电阻测试新方法

介绍了测量大型变压器低压侧绕组直流电阻的几种方法,详述和分析了其测试过程和测量结果,并针对现有测量方法测量低压侧绕组直流电阻时的不足,综合助磁法和全压-恒流电源法,提出了基于这2种方法的一种新方法。在电路强制稳态的基础上,开始加全压(高压)以迅速提高线圈电流,缩短过渡过程,然后用恒流源稳定电流进行测量;助磁法是把高、低压绕组串联起来,通电流测量,由于高压绕组的匝数远比低压绕组匝数多,借助于高压绕组的励磁安匝数,用较小的电流就可使铁芯饱和,从而使绕组电感大为减小,以缩短测试时间,而达到快速测试的目的。     

风电机组箱式变压器低压侧雷电过电压仿真

针对某高山风电场风机塔顶遭受雷击,造成风电机组塔外箱式变压器（简称箱变）损坏事故,分析了箱变低压侧雷电过电压产生的机理,根据风机-箱变系统防雷配置情况,建立了ATP-EMTP仿真模型。利用该模型计算了电涌保护器（surge protective device,SPD）接入时和脱开后箱变低压侧的电压,并分析了雷电流波形、幅值及接地网冲击接地电阻对箱变低压侧电压的影响,同时计算了低压侧短路后的工频续流。计算结果表明,SPD脱开后低压侧电压超过了箱变的冲击耐压值（12 kV）,低压侧工频续流为4.50～8.75 kA。由于开关型SPD无法切断工频续流,提出将其更换为无续流的氧化锌避雷器,推荐避雷器型号为YH10W-0.8/3.0,并通过仿真计算进行了防雷效果验证。     

Surge protection of high voltage shunt capacitor banks on AC powersystems survey results and application considerations

A survey of power utilities has been carried out to obtain data on high-voltage shunt capacitor bank surge protection practices which presently exist. The questionnaire sought answers to questions relating to voltage rating, size of bank, number of banks, installation practices, switching arrangements, and the application of surge arresters for overvoltage protection. A summary of the results of the survey is presented along with some general comments and conclusions on the findings. The high rate of return on the survey indicates the widespread interest of utilities in surge arrester protection of high voltage shunt capacitor banks. It does not appear to be common practice among electric utilities to apply surge arresters to shunt capacitor banks for overvoltage protection. Where surge arresters are applied, they are often used to protect other equipment, such as transformers and circuit breakers, against overvoltages during capacitor switching     

天生桥—广州直流工程控制保护系统改造后的过电压分析

基于改造后的天生桥—广州±500 kV高压直流输电工程,计算分析了在换流变Y/Y线圈阀侧单相接地、交流相间操作冲击、逆变侧失交流电源和逆变侧闭锁而旁通对未解锁4种典型故障工况下的系统过电压,确保在改造后的控制保护系统下,系统各点过电压及避雷器能耗限制在合理范围内,各电气设备能安全运行。分析结果表明:换流变Y/Y线圈阀侧单相接地故障将在中性母线上产生较高过电压,中性母线避雷器能耗较大;交流相间操作冲击会在阀两端产生较大过电压,阀避雷器动作;逆变侧失交流电源会在逆变站交流母线产生较高过电压,交流母线避雷器动作。逆变侧闭锁而旁通对未解锁会在逆变侧直流极线产生很高的过电压,直流极线避雷器能耗较大。上述4种故障工况下,各避雷器能耗均未超过设计通流容量,避雷器能安全稳定运行。     

Studying the Impulse Overloads in the Windings of a Station Service Voltage Transformer

One of the key factors determining the performance of a 110–500-kV station service voltage transformer (SSVT) is a compact insulation design that provides minimum winding sizes. Since SSVTs are new equipment that combine the operational features of a power transformer and the design features of a measuring voltage transformer, it is necessary to study the characteristic transient processes occurring under the impact of lightning-impulse test voltages and lightning and switching overloads in operation in order to ensure proper insulation design. The article presents the results of an experimental investigation of impulse transients in the windings of a full-scale mockup model of an active part of a 20-kV A SSVT with a rated voltage of 110 kV. The influence of grounding the low-voltage winding terminals on the maximum values and duration of impulse stresses on the longitudinal insulation of the high-voltage winding is revealed. It is shown that, unlike in the case of power transformers with disc windings, more significant effects on the insulation are produced when no load is applied on the low-voltage windings.     

±1 100 kV直流滤波器典型故障过电压特性研究

为了研究±1 100 k V直流滤波器典型故障过电压的特点及其相应的保护措施,针对±1 100 k V昌吉-古泉直流输电工程,利用PSCAD计算并分析了双极全压运行方式、单极大地回线和单极金属回线运行方式下直流滤波器短路、滤波器高低压电容器组分别击穿等滤波器典型故障产生的过电压及其暂态特性,并在最具代表性的故障情况下,研究了避雷器对过电压特性的影响。基于此,进一步研究了保护控制策略对过电压与能量的影响。结果表明,整流侧发生直流滤波器短路故障时,过电压更为严重;单极金属回线下发生直流滤波器短路故障时,过电压更为严重且避雷器吸收能量过大;增设避雷器与保护控制后,关键节点的过电压值均低于该处的绝缘水平,避雷器吸收的能量也未超过其吸收能力。     

计及动态无功控制影响的大规模风电汇集地区电压稳定性分析

为了进一步分析大规模风电汇集地区电压稳定性,提出应考虑风电场动态无功控制的影响。基于电压-无功灵敏度法解释了动态无功补偿装置的恒无功控制方式所带来的汇集地区电压上升问题。利用小扰动稳定法,分析出采用高压侧恒电压控制的风电场内动态无功补偿装置之间存在很强的相互作用,并会引起不稳定的电压振荡。以华北某风电汇集地区为例,在PSS/E中比较分析区内所有风电场内动态无功补偿装置分别采用恒无功、高压侧恒电压和低压侧恒电压三种控制方式时受到小扰动后的电压变化。仿真结果验证了分析结论,表明在研究风电汇集地区电压稳定性问题上,考虑风电场的动态无功控制影响是必要的。