电沉积镍-碳钠米管复合镀层的工艺研究

利用电沉积方法制备了镍-碳纳米管复合镀层.分析了镀液中碳纳米管的悬浮量、镀液温度、pH值、阴极电流密度及搅拌速度对镀层中碳纳米管含量的影响.扫描电镜结果表明,碳纳米管能均匀地嵌镶于基体中,并且端头露出,覆盖于基体表面.     

铝基体上碳纳米管原位均匀合成及其复合材料的性能

采用负载于铝粉上的镍催化剂,成功地在650℃通过化学气相沉积法在钳基体中原位合成碳纳米管。结构农征表明,所合成的碳纳米管具有较高的石墨化程度和平直的石墨壳层。通过该方法实现铝粉中碳纳米管的弥散分布,其分散效果优于传统机械混合方法。利用所合成的碳纳米管／铝原位复合粉末,采用粉末冶金工艺制备碳纳米管／铝基复合材料。性能测试表明,制备的复合材料的力学性能和尺寸稳定性得到显著提高,其原因在于铝基体中碳纳米管的均匀分散和碳纳米管－铝基体之间良好的界面结合。     

铺设方式对超顺排碳纳米管增强铜基层状复合材料显微组织和性能的影响（英文）

采用电沉积工艺制备碳纳米管(CNT)均匀分布但铺设方式不同的超顺排碳纳米管(SACNT)薄膜增强铜基层状复合材料。结果表明,当SACNT膜的体积分数为5.0%且正交铺设时,复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度最大可达336.3 MPa和246.0 MPa,相比于同种条件下所制备的纯铜,分别提高了74.0%和124.5%。所制备的复合材料的导电性均大于75%IACS。透射电镜分析结果表明,SACNT的加入能细化基体中铜晶粒的尺寸和孪晶片的厚度,并且正交铺设复合材料中的细化效应比单向铺设复合材料中的更显著。Cu/SACNT复合材料的高强度不仅源于SACNT的增强作用,还与CNT铺设方式导致的铜基体晶粒细化有关。     

电沉积钴磷基碳纳米管复合镀层

对电弧放电法制备的碳纳米管进行混酸氧化后,在含有锡和钯的溶液中进行敏化、活化预处理,使碳纳米管的表面形成密集的活性中心;采用电沉积法制备碳纳米管钴磷基复合镀层。研究比较了电沉积钴磷层和钴磷基碳纳米管复合镀层的物理特性和电化学性质。结果表明,碳纳米管的加入明显提高了钴磷基复合镀层的结合力和耐腐蚀性能。     

电沉积法制备超顺排碳纳米管增强铜基层状复合材料（英文）

采用电沉积法,使用纯铜和超顺排碳纳米管薄膜(SACNT)制备新型金属基复合材料。将SACNT铺放在钛板上,然后在其表面电沉积一层纯铜。通过不断重复铺膜和电沉积的过程,可以得到含有几十层到上百层碳纳米管薄膜的铜基层状复合材料。通过调整电沉积参数可以控制电沉积的每一层纯铜的厚度,每一层纯铜的厚度可以小于2μm。通过显微组织分析发现,SACNT的超顺排特性在复合材料中得到保留。力学性能和电学性能测试结果表明:相比于纯铜材料,复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度均大幅提升,且导电能力没有受到明显影响。这种工艺可以大批量制备含有高体积分数和定向排布特征碳纳米管的金属基纳米复合材料,具有良好的实际应用前景。     

硅/碳/碳纳米管复合负极材料的电化学性能

采用高温裂解沥青、纳米硅和超声酸化处理的碳纳米管混合物,制备了锂离子电池负极复合材料硅/碳/碳纳米管。测试表明复合材料首次放电比容量高达1077 mAh/g,经过20个循环后可逆容量仍高达703 mAh/g。碳纳米管在碳基体中形成的网状结构使复合材料在循环过程中保持较好的稳定形貌。     

碳纳米管／锡基轴瓦合金复合减摩镀层的制备

采用复合电沉积方法在铜基轴瓦合金的表面制备碳纳米管/锡基轴瓦合金复合减摩镀层,研究了电沉积工艺参数对碳纳米管/锡基复合镀层的组织与性能的影响.结果表明,当阴极电流密度为1.5A/dm2,镀液中碳纳米管的质量浓度为2 g/L、镀液的pH值为1时,镀层生长良好,碳纳米管分布均匀.     

碳纳米管-镁基非晶复合材料的制备及力学性能

采用铜模差压压铸的方法成功制备了碳纳米管颗粒增强镁基非晶复合材料,并对其微观结构、压缩性能、断裂强度及断口形貌进行了研究。结果表明,碳纳米管颗粒与非晶基体结合良好,其引入没有明显改变基体非晶合金的玻璃形成能力和热稳定性能;与非晶合金相比,复合材料的最大压缩强度及断裂位移有明显提高。碳纳米管在基体中复合的比较均匀,没有出现大面积团聚,并形成很多韧窝结构。     

高性能碳纳米管增强AZ91D镁基复合材料的制备（英文）

采用球磨加搅拌铸造工艺制备了CNTs(质量分数为0.1%)增强的AZ91D镁基复合材料。通过光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和室温拉伸试验对复合材料进行表征和分析。结果表明:碳纳米管在镁基体中分散很均匀,并且复合在基体中的碳纳米管结构较完整。与AZ91D基体相比,复合材料屈服强度和伸长率分别提高了47.2%和112.2%。碳纳米管在基体中的均匀分散且与基体形成的强界面结合使复合材料屈服强度和伸长率同时得到了提升。此外,晶粒细化和基体中均匀分散的β相(Mg_(17)Al_(12))也有助于复合材料力学性能的提高。     

碳纳米管铅锡复合减摩镀层的内应力研究

采用复合电沉积方法在紫铜片上制备碳纳米管铅锡合金复合减摩镀层;用阴极弯曲法研究了电流密度和镀液温度对碳纳米管铅锡复合镀层内应力的影响;在不同碳纳米管浓度的镀液中制备了复合镀层的试样,用X射线衍射法测定了各复合镀层的内应力.结果表明,碳纳米管铅锡合金复合镀层的内应力随电流密度的增加而升高,但随镀液温度的升高而降低.保证电流密度和镀液温度不变,碳纳米管的含量为2g/L,复合镀层的内应力降至最低;碳纳米管在镀层中的弥散分布起到了应力传递作用,减少了应力集中而产生的微裂纹.     

碳纳米管的分散与表面化学修饰

采用化学镀的方法，在碳纳米管（CNTs）的表面包覆了一层金属镍，形成了碳纳米管／镍-维纳米复合材料。研究了表面活性剂的不同加入方式对碳纳米管在镀镍过程中的分散效果的影响，结果表明在镀液中加入表面活性剂，碳管的分散镀覆效果最好。同时讨论了不同搅拌方式对碳纳米管表面镀镍的影响，认为间歇搅拌更加有利于镍在碳纳米管表面的沉积。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CNT-Reinforced AZ91D Composites Fabricated by Ultrasonic Processing

Carbon nanotube(CNT)-reinforced AZ91 D alloy composite was fabricated by ultrasonic processing.The microstructure and mechanical properties of the CNTs/AZ91 D composites were investigated.Obvious grain refinement was achieved with the addition of 0.5 wt%CNTs.The SEM observation indicated that CNTs were distributed near the grain boundary or around the inter-grain β-Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase.No evident reaction product was found at the interface between CNTs and AZ91 D matrix.Compared to the monolithic AZ91 D alloy,the yield strength,ultimate tensile strength,and elongation of the 0.5 wt%CNTs/AZ91 D composite were improved significantly.However,the poor interface bonding between CNTs and AZ91 D matrix restricted further improvement in mechanical properties.     

Electroless plating Ni-P matrix composite coating reinforced by carbon nanotubes

Ni-P matrix composite coating reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was deposited by electroless plating. The most important factors that influence the content of carbon nanotubes in deposits, such as agitation, surfactant and carbon nanotubes concentration in the plating bath were investigated. The surface morphology, structure and properties of the Ni-P-CNTs coating were examined. It is found that the maximum content of carbon nanotubes in the deposits is independent of carbon nanotubes concentration in the plating bath when it is up to 5 mg/L. The test results show that the carbon nanotubes co-deposited do not change the structure of the Ni-P matrix of the composite coating, but greatly increase the hardness and wear resistance and decrease the friction coefficient of the Ni-PCNTs composite coating with increasing content of carbon nanotubes in deposits.     

Synthesis and mechanical properties of nickel‐titania composite coatings

Nickel‐titania composite coatings were prepared under direct current conditions by codeposition of nano titania particles (21 nm) and nickel from a nickel Watts type bath. Current density, concentration of titania particles, effect of agitation, and ultrasonic waves were investigated and the optimum values of these parameters for reaching to maximum vol% of titania particles in the coating were determined. Microhardness of these coatings was investigated by Vickers method and their morphological properties and chemical composition were studied by SEM and EDS analysis, respectively. The results showed that optimal values of current density, concentration of particles, and agitation rate exist that maximum percent of particles codeposited in the coating. Also it is demonstrated that using the ultrasonic waves dramatically decrease the agglomeration of particles in the coating.     

多壁碳纳米管增强银基复合材料的组织与性能

采用化学镀方法将银沉积在碳纳米管上,获得体积分数为8%的多壁碳纳米管/银(CNTs/Ag)复合粉末,通过高能球磨、压制烧结、热挤压粉末冶金手段制备了CNTs/Ag复合材料,并研究了复合材料的微观组织、导电率、抗拉强度及硬度。结果表明,化学沉积工艺能够显著改善CNTs和Ag之间的界面结合,进而提高CNTs/Ag复合材料的加工性能。与纯银比较,CNTs/Ag复合材料的抗拉强度增加了65%,硬度增加了近2倍,表明CNTs对银具有较好的强化作用。     

Carbon nanotube–zinc oxide electrode and gel polymer electrolyte for electrochemical supercapacitors

The electrochemical supercapacitors (ESs) were assembled with carbon nanotube (CNT) and zinc oxide (ZnO) composite as the electrode and gel polymer as the electrolyte. The CNT film was fabricated using screen-printing method and ZnO was deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) in different time from 2 to 30 min. The analysis of cyclic voltammetry (CV) shows that the ESs of CNTs with ZnO deposited for 5 min exhibited the optimized electrochemical capacitive properties, and the specific capacitance reaches 126.3 F/g by CV test, much better than that of the pure CNTs.     

搅拌摩擦通道挤压制备碳纳米管增强7075铝基复合材料

搅拌摩擦通道挤压是作者基于搅拌摩擦焊接和等通道转角挤压提出的一种固相状态制备金属基复合材料的新方法。采用搅拌摩擦通道挤压方法，通过添加不同体积分数的碳纳米管（CNTs）(0%、2%和4%)，制备了碳纳米管增强7075铝合金基复合材料（CNTs/Al-7075）。通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察并分析了CNTs在Al-7075基体中的分布特征，以及复合材料的细晶组织和第二相颗粒特征。采用固溶和时效处理改善CNTs/Al-7075复合材料的组织和力学性能。结果表明，采用搅拌摩擦通道挤压方法可以制备CNTs分布均匀的CNTs/Al-7075复合材料，实现7075铝合金基体晶粒细化，通过引入CNTs增强相可获得更为细小的晶粒组织。随着CNTs体积分数增加，CNTs/Al-7075复合材料的晶粒更加细化。固溶和时效处理改善了搅拌摩擦通道挤压制备的7075铝合金和CNTs/Al-7075复合材料的第二相析出行为，使材料的显微硬度得到提高。CNTs/Al-7075复合材料的强化机制综合了细晶强化、位错强化、载荷传递和第二相强化，其中以第二相强化为主。     

Functionally graded carbon nanotubes/hydroxyapatite composite coating by laser cladding

Functionally graded carbon nanotubes/hydroxyapatite (CNTs/HA) composite coatings have been fabricated by laser cladding technique using CNTs/HA composite powders. As the feedstock for laser deposition, CNTs/HA composite powders were prepared by ball-milling different weight ratios (1%, 3% and 5%) of CNTs with HA powders. CNTs/HA composite coatings were fabricated with CNTs/HA composite powders and functionally graded coating was fabricated by sequentially depositing different CNTs/HA composite coatings on pure titanium. The phase composition, microstructure, micro-hardness, bonding strength and in vitro cellular responses of the composite coatings and the functionally graded composite coating were studied. The results show that the crystallinity of CNTs/HA composite coatings increased with increasing amount of CNTs in the powder mixture. The CNTs were dispersed homogeneously in the coatings to form an interconnected web and the cylinder graphic structure of CNTs was not changed after laser irradiation. Compared with pure HA coating, the maximum increase of the micro-hardness of CNTs/HA composite coatings was 46.8% and the micro-hardness of the functionally graded coating increased gradually through the thickness of this coating. Furthermore, the bonding strength of the functionally graded coating was nearly twice higher than that of pure HA coating. The in vitro cellular biocompatibility tests reveal that the functionally graded composite coating has comparable in vitro bioactivity with pure HA coating.     

Improvement of mechanical properties of Sn-58Bi alloy with multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced Sn-58Bi composites were successfully fabricated through ball-milling method and low temperature melting process.The influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the mechanical strength and ductility of Sn-58Bi lead-free alloy was studied.The mechanical test results show that the bending strength of Sn-58Bi-0.03CNTs (mass fraction,%) composite is increased by 10.5% than that of the Sn-58Bi alloy,which can be attributed to the reduction of Sn-rich segregation and the grain refinement.The toughness of Sn-58Bi-0.03CNTs composite is increased by 48.9% than that of the matrix materials.It is indicated that the influence of CNTs on the strength of Sn-58Bi-xCNTs composite is insignificant.In addition,the fracture mechanism of CNTs reinforced Sn Bi composite was analyzed.The corresponding fracture surface comparison between the Sn-58Bi-0.03CNTs composite and the monolithic Sn-58Bi alloy was made to identify the influence of CNTs on the fracture behavior and the reinforcing effect of CNTs.     

A Novel Method to Fabricate CNT/Mg–6Zn Composites with High Strengthening Efficiency

A novel method was developed to fabricate carbon nanotubes （CNTs）-reinforced Mg matrix composites. The method consists of two steps： CNTs pre-dispersion by ball-milling and the ultrasonic melt processing. Mechanical ball- milling effectively pre-dispersed CNTs on Zn flakes with suitable rotational speed and ball-milling time. Serious CNT entanglements were dispersed by the ball-milling. However, ball-milling for a long time at high speed would damage the morphology of CNTs. The ultrasonic overcame the poor wettability between Mg melt and CNTs and then dispersed pre-dispersed CNTs in the Mg melt. CNTs were distributed well in the composites and maintained integrated structure. CNTs significantly improved the mechanical properties of the matrix. The strengthening efficiency reached to 37.1, which proves the superiority of this novel method. Besides grain refinement, load transfer may make a great contribution to the improvement of the strength for the composites.