EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON HEAT TRANSFER AND FRICTION FACTOR CHARACTERISTICS OF TURBULENT FLOW THROUGH A CIRCULAR TUBE FITTED WITH RIGHT AND LEFT HELICAL SCREW-TAPE INSERTS

Experimental investigation on heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of a circular tube fitted with right–left helical screw inserts of equal and unequal length of different twist ratios is presented. The experimental data obtained were compared with those obtained from plain tube published data. The heat transfer enhancement for right–left helical screw inserts is higher than that for straight helical twist for a given twist ratio. The effect of right–left twist length on heat transfer augmentation is presented. The empirical relations for Nusselt number, friction factor relating Reynolds number, twist ratio, and right–left twist distance were formed and found to fit the experimental data within 10% and 20% for Nusselt number and friction factor respectively. Performance evaluation analysis was made, and the performance ratio of more than one was obtained, indicating that the proposed twist inserts can be used effectively for heat transfer augmentation without any loss in pumping power.     

Experimental studies on heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of turbulent flow through a circular tube fitted with helical screw-tape inserts

Experimental investigation of heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of circular tube fitted with full-length helical screw element of different twist ratio, and increasing and decreasing order of twist ratio set have been studied with uniform heat flux under turbulent flow conditions. The Reynolds number was varied from 2700 to 13 500. The experimental data obtained are compared with those obtained from plain tube published data. The maximum Nusselt number for the twist of 1.95 was obtained. The performance of the helical twist insert was compared with the twisted tape performance reported in the literature and found that it is better than twisted tape performance. The heat transfer augmentation for helical twist of increasing and decreasing order twist were also presented. The empirical correlations developed relating twist ratio and Reynolds number, are fitting the experimental data within ±13% and ±15% for Nusselt number and friction factor, respectively. The performance evaluation study has been presented to check the potential of using the helical twist insert.     

内置转子套管式换热器强化传热实验

概述了转子组合式强化传热装置的强化传热和自清洁原理,通过实验研究了内置螺旋叶片转子及叶片间断型转子换热管的传热和阻力特性。实验结果表明,在相同的Re条件下,内置螺旋叶片转子换热管管内的Nusselt数高于内置叶片间断型转子换热管,阻力系数低于内置叶片间断型转子换热管,同时PEC值明显高于叶片间断型转子的PEC值,说明内置螺旋叶片转子换热管的综合性能优于叶片间断型转子。     

扭曲管强化传热性能实验研究

在设计的蒸汽-水换热实验台上测试了5种不同导程的椭圆扭曲管和圆管的传热和流动阻力性能.分别对5种不同导程的扭曲管和圆管管内流体努赛尔数,摩擦系数和管内综合评价因子随雷诺数变化情况进行了对比.实验结果表明:扭曲管的强化传热性能明显,且导程越小,强化传热效果越好.在实验测试的雷诺数范围内,扭曲管的努塞尔数为光滑圆管的1.0...     

内置转子换热管强化传热性能实验研究

针对光管中加入3种不同导程的洁能芯转子后的换热特性及流体动力学特性进行了实验研究,壳程和管程的工作介质分别为热水和冷水,研究表明:插入转子后,努赛尔数Nu和阻力系数f均增加,并且二者均随转子导程的增大而增大;对插入转子的换热管进行了强化传热性能评价分析,其传热性能评价因子η的数值均大于1,证明其具有强化传热的应用价值,转子导程为150 mm时,实验范围内η最大值为2.01,强化传热效果最好。     

自旋扭带强化传热及旋转特性

旋转扭带是在固定式扭带基础上发展而来的, 因其特殊结构所以能在管内流体作用下产生自旋效果。本文对自旋式扭带旋转特性及强化传热特性进行研究。通过理论及实验研究管内自旋扭带旋转特性后得出:扭率越小, 扭带克服阻力起始旋转需要的流体速度越小;扭带转速与管内流体流速呈一次线性关系, 且扭带节距不变时线性比例基本保持不变。通过实验研究后得出:自旋扭带能达到很好的强化传热性能, 扭率越小其强化传热性能越明显, 同时阻力特性也越明显, 在雷诺数为4×10³～4×10⁴、扭率为3～8时, 换热管内摩擦因子增至1.7～3.5倍, 努赛尔数增幅为10%～37%。本文使用评估指标η对扭带进行综合评价, 得出扭率为7的自旋扭带具有最佳的综合性能。并分别拟合出摩擦因子及努赛尔数与雷诺数、扭率之间的关联式, 提出一种工程上自旋扭带选型方法。     

HEAT TRANSFER IN TUBES FITTED WITH TRAPEZOIDAL-CUT AND PLAIN TWISTED TAPE INSERTS

Experimental investigation of heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of a circular tube fitted with plain twisted tapes (PTT) and trapezoidal-cut twisted tapes (TTT) with twist ratios y = 2.0, 4.4, and 6.0 was carried out. The experimental data obtained from plain tube and PTT were verified with the standard correlation to ensure the validation of experimental results. The experimental results revealed that heat transfer rate, friction factor, and thermal enhancement factor in the tube equipped with TTT were significantly higher than in the tube fitted with PTT and the plain tube. The additional disturbance and secondary flow in the vicinity of the tube wall generated by the TTT compared to that induced by the PTT was determined as the reason for enhancement. Subsequently, an empirical correlation was also formulated to match with experimental results with ±6% and ±5% variation respectively for Nusselt number and the friction factor.     

换热管内置螺旋形扭带阻力与传热特性的实验研究

为了研究螺旋形扭带阻力与传热特性,选取了不同宽度（6、7和8 mm）的3种扭率（2.0、3.0、4.0）、3种螺距比（1.5、2.0、2.5）的参数组合下共27根螺旋形扭带插入换热管内进行实验.实验结果表明,插入螺旋形扭带后换热管内流动阻力和传热效果都有明显提高.通过对实验数据的多元线性回归分析,建立了相应的阻力系数和努赛尔数关联式.并且由强化传热综合性能评价分析,在实验雷诺数范围内得出强化传热综合性能评价因子φ=1.063～1.587,证明了实验研究的扭带具有强化传热的应用价值.     

内置螺旋弹簧换热管内流动与传热三维数值模拟

为研究内置螺旋弹簧换热管单管强化传热原理,采用Fluent软件对内置螺旋弹簧换热管内流体流动与传热特性进行数值模拟,考察了弹簧的应用对管内流场、压降和换热性能的影响,并分别取螺旋弹簧节距p分别为2 mm、4 mm、5 mm初步研究了弹簧的节距对强化传热效果的影响。模拟结果显示：弹簧管内流体呈螺旋流动状态,管壁附近流体切向速度和径向速度有一定程度的提高,从而加剧了管内流体的混合及边界层的扰动,充分换热,弹簧管进出口温度差较光管有所增加,最高增加了0.9 ℃;相同雷诺数条件下,内置螺旋弹簧换热管Nu数均高于光管,而压降和阻力系数相比光管有明显增加,随着弹簧节距减小换热增强而摩擦阻力系数增加。     

Thermal performance of tubular heat exchanger with multiple twisted-tape inserts

The paper presents an experimental investigation on enhanced heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics by using single, double, triple, and quadruple twisted-tape inserts in a round tube having a uniform heat-fluxed wal . The investigation has been conducted in the heat exchanger tube inserted with various twisted-tape numbers for co-and counter-twist arrangements for the turbulent air flow, Reynolds number (Re) from 5300 to 24000. The typical single twisted-tape inserts at two twist ratios, y/w=4 and 5, are used as the base case, while the other multiple twisted-tape inserts are at y/w=4 only. The experimental results of heat transfer and pressure drop in terms of Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f), respectively, reveal that Nu increases with the increment of Re and of twisted-tape number. The values of Nu for the inserted tube are in a range of 1.15–2.12 times that for the plain tube while f is 1.9–4.1 times. The thermal enhancement factor of the inserted tube under similar pumping power is evaluated and found to be above unity except for the single and the double co-twisted tapes. The quadruple counter-twisted tape insert provides the maximum thermal performance.     

装填有矩形切口螺旋带的管中的湍动传热和压降(英文)

Heat transfer, friction factor and thermal enhancement factor characteristics of a double pipe heat exchanger fitted with square-cut twisted tapes (STT) and plain twisted tapes (PTT) are investigated experimentally using the water as working fluid. The tapes (STT and PTT) have three twist ratios ( , 4.4 and 6.0) and the Reynolds number ranges from 2000 to 12000. The experimental results reveal that heat transfer rate, friction factor and thermal enhancement factor in the tube equipped with STT are significantly higher than those fitted with PTT. The additional disturbance and secondary flow in the vicinity of the tube wall generated by STT are higher compared to that induced by the PTT is referred as the reason for better performance. Over the range considered, the Nusselt number, friction factor and thermal enhancement factor in a tube with STT are respectively, 1.03 to 1.14, 1.05 to 1.25 and 1.02 to 1.06 times of those in tube with PTT. An empirical correlation is also formulated to match with experimental data of Nusselt number and friction factor for STT and PTT.     

Thermohydraulics of Turbulent Flow Through Heat Exchanger Tubes Fitted with Circular-rings and Twisted Tapes

The influences of circular-ring turbulators (CRT) and twisted tape (TT) swirl generators on the heat transfer enhancement, pressure drop and thermal performance factor characteristics in a round tube are reported. The circular-ring turbulators were individually employed and together with the twisted tape swirl generators in the heated section of the tube. Three different pitch ratios (l/D1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) of the CRT and three different twist ratios (y/W 3, 4, and 5) of the TT were introduced. The experiments were conducted using air as the working fluid under a uniform wall heat flux condition, for the Reynolds number between 6000 and 20000. The experimental results reveal that the heat transfer rate, friction factor and thermal performance factor of the combined CRT and TT are considerably higher than those of CRT alone. For the range examined, the increases of mean Nusselt number, friction factor and thermal performance, in the tube equipped with combined devices, respectively, are 25.8%, 82.8% and 6.3% over those in the tube with the CRT alone. The highest thermal performance factor of 1.42 is found for the combined device consisting of the CRT with l/D 1.0 and TT with y/W 3. The correlations of the Nusselt number, friction factor and thermal performance factor of the tubes with combined devices are also developed in terms of Reynolds number, Prandtl number, twist ratio and pitch ratio.     

STEADY LAMINAR FLOW THROUGH TWISTED PIPES: FLUID FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER IN RECTANGULAR TUBES

Fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in a twisted rectangular tube having an aspect ratio of two were studied using a numerical solution to the momentum and energy equations. Fluid flow solutions are presented for a fully developed laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid. Heat transfer results are presented for the case of axially uniform wall temperature. For the case of peripherally uniform wall temperature, the overall Nusselt number in a twisted rectangular tube was found to be higher than a straight tube by up to 30 percent over certain ranges of twist lengths. However, for the case of non-uniform wall temperature, the overall absolute Nusselt number increased very rapidly with decrease in the twist length     

Numerical investigations of circular tube fitted with helical screw-tape inserts from the viewpoint of field synergy principle

3-D numerical simulations are performed for heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of the tubes fitted with helical screw-tape inserts. The comparison between the RNG k-epsilon turbulence model and the SST k-omega turbulence model in prediction of swirling flow shows that the latter has better qualitative and quantitative agreements with the experimental results than the former. The simulation results show that the novel helical inserts with right and left twists alternately have better heat transfer performance than that of the helical inserts with uniformly right twists. The simulation results are analyzed from the viewpoint of field synergy principle, it is found that the principle could explain well the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement of the helical twist inserts. The smaller the mean intersection angle between the temperature gradient and velocity vector, the larger the Nusselt number; in addition, the smaller local intersection angle also implies the higher local heat transfer coefficient.     

An empirical study on vortex-generator insert fitted in tubular heat exchangers with dilute Cu–water nanofluid flow

The heat transfer enhancement(HTE) in tubular heat exchangers fitted with vortex-generator(VG) inserts is experimentally investigated. The studied four parameters and ranges are: winglets-pitch ratio(1.33, 2.67, and 4),winglets-length ratio(0.33, 0.67, and 1), winglets-width ratio(0.2, 0.4, and 0.6), and Reynolds number(5200to 12200). The testing fluids are the water and Cu–water nanofluid at the volumetric fraction of 0.2%. The results obtained on HTE, pressure drop, and performance evaluation criterion(PEC) are compared with those for water in a smooth tube. It is found that the VG inserts with lower winglets-pitch ratio and higher winglets-length/width ratios present higher values of HTE and pressure drop. Over the range studied, the maximum PEC of 1.83 is detected with the Cu–water nanofluid inside the tube equipped with a VG insert at the winglets-width ratio of0.6 for the maximum Reynolds number, when the heat transfer rate and pressure drop are 1.24 times and 2.03 times of those in the smooth tube. Generalized regression equations of the Nusselt number, friction factor, and PEC are presented for the tubular heat exchangers with the VG inserts for both water and Cu–water nanofluid.It is concluded that the main advantage of the VG inserts is their simple fabrication and considerable performance, particularly at higher Reynolds number.     

Pilot experimental study on shell and tube heat exchangers with small-angles helical baffles

In this paper, the experimental comparisons of shell side thermodynamic and hydraulics performance are made among three helical baffles heat exchangers and one segmental baffles heat exchanger. The experiment scale is larger than the previous experimental setup as the diameter of test heat exchangers are 500 mm and the effective tube length are 6 m; the experiment mainly focuses on the small helical angle scheme as the helical angle ranges from 7° to 25°. Among all the four heat exchangers, both the shell side heat transfer rate and the shell side pressure drop peak when helical angle equals 7°, and the shell side heat transfer rate per unit pressure drop at this angle is the smallest. This phenomenon could be easily illustrated as the concept ‘fluid-flow distance’ is presented. At last, the correlations for the shell side Nusselt number and friction factor are presented as a reference.     

THERMOHYDRAULICS OF LAMINAR FLOW THROUGH A CIRCULAR TUBE HAVING INTEGRAL HELICAL CORRUGATIONS AND FITTED WITH HELICAL SCREW-TAPE INSERT

The experimental friction factor and Nusselt number data for laminar flow through a circular duct having integral helical corrugations and fitted with a helical screw-tape insert are presented. Predictive friction factor and Nusselt number correlations are also presented. The thermohydraulic performance was evaluated. The major findings of this experimental investigation are that the helical screw-tape insert in combination with integral helical corrugations performs significantly better than the individual enhancement technique acting alone for laminar flow through a circular duct up to a certain value of the fin parameter. This research finding is useful in designing tubes carrying solar thermal mass of viscous oil in a parabolic trough solar collector used in environmentally sound and increasingly cost-effective solar thermal electric power plants. The result is also useful in designing heat exchangers used in process industries.     

螺旋叶片转子强化传热机理分析

以螺旋叶片转子为研究对象,对转子的强化换热机理进行理论分析,提出螺旋叶片转子3种强化传热机理,包括截面收缩效应强化、螺旋流动效应强化以及二次流效应强化。采用理论推导的方法,建立湍流区内Nusselt数预测关联式以及压力降预测关联式,从而预测转子几何参数等对转子强化传热特性及阻力特性的影响。同时,将关联式预测结果与对应的强化传热实验结果进行对比,对比结果表明:推导得出的Nusselt数预测关联式计算值与实验得到的Nusselt数之间的最大偏差为7.4%,阻力系数的预测关联式计算值与其实验值之间的最大偏差为10.1%。     

Effect of Helical Surface Disc Turbulators on Heat Transfer and Friction Factor Characteristics in the Annuli of a Double‐Pipe Heat Exchanger

The heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics in annuli of a double‐pipe heat exchanger (DPHE) using helical surface disc turbulators (HSDTs) are experimentally investigated. The effect of a helical surface disc turbulator is studied for three pitch ratios, three diameter ratios, and varying Reynolds numbers. Water flows in the inner tube and air through the annulus. The tests are conducted for air with uniform wall temperature condition. The heat exchanger with the least pitch ratio and least diameter ratio was found to exhibit the highest Nusselt number and pressure drop. The thermal performance factor turned out to be greater than unity for all cases. Correlations were developed for Nusselt number, friction factor, and thermal performance.     

xperimental Study of Heat Transfer Enhancement and Friction Loss Induced by Inserted Rotor-assembled Strand （I） Water

The single-phase pressure drop and heat transfer in a rotor-assembled strand inserted tube were measured using water as the working fluid. Experiment using a smooth tube was carried out to calibrate the experimental system and the data reduction method. In the experiment, fixed mounts were used to eliminate the entrance effect. The experimental results of smooth tube show that employment of fixed mounts leads to a visible bias of friction factor at relative low Reynolds numbers, although it does not significantly affect the Nusselt numbers. The measured data of inserted tube reveal that rotor-assembled strand can significantly improve heat transfer with the Nusselt number increased by 101.6%-106.6% and the overall heat transfer coefficient increased by 58.1%-67.4% within the Reynolds number range of 20000 to 36000. Meanwhile, friction factor increases by 52.2%-84.2% within the same Reynolds number range. The correlations of Nusselt number and friction factor as function of the Reynolds number and Prandtl number were determined through multivariant linear normal regression.