高炉冶炼喷煤最佳化

本研究是关于从理论上将高炉喷煤状态最佳化的一种尝试。首先,根据简化的回旋区模型,研究煤粉在回旋区的燃烧状态,并将其研究结果同风管区的燃烧理论相结合,来计算喷煤和鼓风的最佳条件。对这一最佳化提出两个影响因素:其一是完全燃烧因素,它描述回旋区内喷吹煤粉全部燃烧的可能性;其二是所谓煤灰的沉积因素,它描述熔融的灰分沉积到风管和风口壁上的可能性。要实现良好的喷煤操作,二者的值都应低于预想值。应用日本多数高炉喷煤的一些实验数据,对获得的理论进行了检验。为了弄清楚一些操作参数,对完全燃烧和煤灰沉积因素的影响,还做了理论上的一些灵敏性试验。     

三湘煤等无烟煤的理化性能研究

高炉喷煤要取得良好喷吹效果，必需选择易磨，灰分低，反应性好的煤种，提高煤粉在风口燃烧气化性能。     

高炉喷煤助燃剂的应用研究

为改善煤粉的燃烧效果、提高喷煤置换比,分析了高炉喷煤催化助燃剂的催化助燃机理及开发应用情况,采用TG-DTG-DSC方法考察了不含碱金属元素的助燃剂对煤粉燃烧效果的影响,并在此基础上进行了工业试验。研究表明:助燃剂对煤粉的助燃效果存在一最佳比例,济钢条件下,高炉添加0.4%的喷煤助燃剂后喷煤比、焦比指标明显改善。     

高炉高喷煤比操作技术的开发

对增加高炉喷煤比所引起的技术问题进行了研究。通过中心装焦和可调炉装置以维持稳定的中心气流，使高Ｏ／Ｃ比下的炉料的分布得到控制，在软熔带呈倒Ｖ形的情况下，未燃烧煤粉都堆积在软熔带下部。由于未燃烧煤粉堆积，结果使高炉中心气流增强。同焦炭相比，未燃烧煤粉优先与ＣＯ２气体反应。未燃烧煤的灰分主要与熔融沪渣反应，在鼓风含氧量２３％，燃烧率为７５％的情况下，不发生被未燃烧煤粉堵塞的最大喷煤比估计为２５０ｋｇ／     

高炉大量喷吹煤粉的探讨

本文从煤的燃烧性能和大量喷煤对高炉冶炼的影响,探讨高炉大量喷煤的可能性。在高炉风口燃烧带的高温下,煤粉不仅与氧燃烧,而且被二氧化碳气化。不必要求氧气过剩系数达到完全燃烧的要求。为维持风口前一定的理论燃烧温度,应采取提高风温并适当富氧。大量喷煤对高炉高温区热平衡、热流比等影响不大,不会影响高炉顺行。     

进一步扩大高炉喷煤量途径的研究

由于进一步扩大喷煤量受到风口前煤粉燃烧不完全的限制,作者设计了一套直接从生产高炉风口回旋区取出燃烧过程煤粉试样的取样装置。通过取样,研究了煤粉在风口回旋区的燃烧程度及变化规律。用模拟高炉风口回旋区条件的燃烧炉,系统地研究了对煤粉燃烧的影响因素,包括采用旋流的作用。还用煤岩相方法研究了煤粉结构在燃烧过程的变化。用传热传质及反应动力学理论分析并计算了煤粉的加热速度及燃烧反应速度,讨论了一些因素对它们的作用,从而提出了扩大高炉喷煤量,改善喷煤效果的措施和建议。     

添加助燃剂对煤粉燃烧性能的影响

为改善煤粉的燃烧效果、提高喷煤置换比,分析了高炉喷煤催化助燃剂的催化助燃机理及开发应用情况。采用TG-DTG-DSC方法考察了不含碱金属元素的助燃剂对煤粉燃烧效果的影响,并在此基础上进行了工业试验。研究表明:助燃剂对煤粉的助燃效果存在一最佳比例,在龙钢条件下,高炉喷煤添加1.7%的助燃剂后喷煤比、焦比指标得到明显改善。     

我国高炉喷煤的成就及发展

本文概述过３０年我国高炉煤的成就并分析了煤粉燃烧的条件，提出喷煤对高炉顺行的影响，指出高炉喷煤必将有更大的发展。     

高炉富氧喷煤后的焦比变化

通过对高炉富氧喷煤的能量计算，研究了高炉富氧喷煤后的焦比变化，讨论了富氧喷煤对焦比的影响，富氧喷煤后焦比降低量及煤粉燃烧率对及富氧喷煤效果的影响。     

焦炭强度变化及喷煤的影响

对焦炭在高炉内的强度变化规律及喷煤的影响进行了研究。应用连续高炉块状带热模型得到失碳率和温度在块状带的分布;使用可调气氛高温抗压实验机测量了在高温下焦炭的抗压强度与失碳率的关系。推导出了不同的焦炭在高炉内实际抗压强度的计算公式,分析了喷煤和煤粉燃烧率对焦炭失碳率的影响,根据喷煤对焦炭强度的影响,给出了计算最佳煤粉燃烧率的方法。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)