光栅耦合的可集成表面等离子体激射装置

为了能够更有效地调节和产生表面等离子体激元(Surface Plasmon Polaritons,SPPs)的激射,设计了一种光栅耦合的可集成SPPs激射装置,利用电子束激发和光栅耦合方式实现了SPPs在无源金属层中的传播和激射.分析了该装置SPPs传播的波矢特性,通过某一条件下激射条件和光照波长的分析得出了结构的一般特性.结果表明:基于光栅耦合结构的装置产生的SPPs激射具有显著的强局域特性,通过控制注入电子束强度可有效调节SPPs的激射,该装置可在光照波长710 nm左右的可见光范围实现有效的SPPs传播.该装置的研制对于构建等离子体单元电路,探测纳米线结构和纳米级飞秒光学场极有意义.     

高Q值表面等离子体传感器研究

设计了高Q值表面等离子体传感器,传感器芯片的基底为200μm厚的石英材料,上层为复合结构金属层。为保证高效传输,它的等离子体波导由共面波导结构(coplanar waveguide,CPW)过渡引出,经由表面等离子体传输线传输至谐振环,从而共振模式可以由等离子体波导和谐振环的相互耦合共振产生。通过仿真,对不同模式下的电场分布图对应谐振环的闭合状态进行研究,在传输系数S21图上得到6个明显的谐振谷,其中有3个谷的Q值十分高,这6个谐振谷的Q值范围为44.6~268.3。     

多通道光纤表面等离子体波共振传感器研究

研究了一种采用2×n型特种耦合器构建的多通道光纤表面等离子体波共振(SPR)传感器模型.应用空分复用原理和多层膜反射理论分析了SPR共振效应在若干光纤探针中连续被激励的基本原理.数值模拟和实验结果表明,研制的双通道光纤SPR探针能够达到与常规单通道探针相同的检测灵敏度.这种新型多通道传感模型的特点在于,各通道探针特性可根据待测检测目标进行选择替换,通道数目可以根据实际待测参量进行调节,并适用于对处于不同空间位置目标液体参量进行检测的情况.     

大气等离子体抛光技术在超光滑硅表面加工中的应用

发展了大气等离子体抛光方法,并用于超光滑表面加工。该技术基于低温等离子体化学反应来实现原子级的材料去除,避免了表层和亚表层损伤。运用原子发射光谱法证明了活性反应原子的有效激发,进而揭示了特定激发态原子对应的电子跃迁轨道。在针对单晶硅片的加工实验中,应用有限元分析法在理论上对加工过程中的空间气体流场分布和样品表面温度分布进行了定性分析。后续的温度检测实验证实了样品表面温度梯度的形成,并表明样品表面最高温度仅为90 ℃。材料去除轮廓检测结果符合空间流场的理论分布模型,加工速率约为32 mm³/min。利用原子力显微镜对表面粗糙度进行测量,证实了加工后样品表面在一定范围内表面粗糙度Ra=0.6 nm。最后,利用X射线光电子谱法研究了该方法对加工后表面材料化学成分的影响。实验和检测结果均表明,该抛光方法可以进行常压条件下的超光滑表面无损抛光加工,实现了高质量光学表面的无损抛光加工。     

表面等离子体耦合荧光装置小型化改进与性能分析

搭建了结构紧凑简单、性能稳定、成本低廉的表面等离子体耦合荧光（SPCE）小型装置。通过对罗丹明S101样品荧光信号角度分布和偏振性的测试,分析了该小型装置的仪器性能,结果令人满意。该装置完全能够满足SPCE一般的测试要求,可望推广使用。     

压电材料中螺型位错和偶极子与半椭圆槽表面裂纹的干涉效应

运用弹性复势方法,研究纵向剪切和面内电场共同作用下无限半平面压电材料中螺型位错和偶极子与半椭圆槽表面裂纹的电弹干涉效应,得到该问题复势函数的封闭形式解答,并由此导出广义应力场、裂纹尖端的广义应力强度因子以及作用在螺型位错上的位错力.算例结果表明:增大材料压电常数会相应增大位错力、位错对裂纹尖端的屏蔽和反屏蔽效应;增大位错离裂纹尖端的距离,位错力会相应减小;变化φ(偶极子臂与x轴正半轴夹角)值会出现一个改变位错偶极子对应力强度因子作用方向的临界值.     

双层空竹超表面中基于BIC的局域太赫兹磁场增强的研究

设计了包含双层空竹的超表面,通过调节其晶格周期实现了不同阶晶格模式与超表面本征模式间的耦合,获得了3个强耦合区,并在两个晶格周期处实现了弗里德里希–温特根型连续域束缚态（Friedrich-Wintgen bound states in the continuum,FW-BIC）。基于耦合模理论对其进行分析,理论分析结果与模拟结果吻合,进一步证明了结构的有效性。讨论了在介质间隔层中基于强耦合和FW-BIC的局域磁场增强,发现最大磁场强度是入射太赫兹波磁场强度的41 209倍,且该值是单纯的由超表面电磁共振产生的磁场强度的4倍。这项研究将为强场太赫兹产生和太赫兹非线性研究提供参考。     

基于超材料的太赫兹波辐射特性与增强研究

太赫兹波的产生与调控对太赫兹技术发展至关重要。超材料的可设计几何结构与特异共振响应为产生与调控太赫兹波提供了新的途径。但超材料产生太赫兹波辐射的转换效率较低仍然是一个亟待解决的问题。设计了一种由金属谐振环阵列和全介质硅开口谐振器组成的超材料。利用麦克斯韦方程联合表述电子运动的流体动力模型的自洽方程组,研究了该超材料的太赫兹波辐射与调控过程。研究发现,通过优化分裂谐振环的开口方向,超材料产生的太赫兹波振幅提高了1倍。此外,通过改变入射光偏振角及超材料的几何尺寸实现了太赫兹波振幅调控。这为基于超材料的,紧凑型和可调谐的太赫兹源提供了新途径。     

基于流体动压润滑效应的人工髋关节材料表面织构优化研究

以销-盘试验为模型,基于有限差分法,以Reynolds方程为理论基础,建立含有表面织构的人工髋关节材料的摩擦表面在全膜润滑下的数值模型,分析表面织构各个参数对两摩擦表面间油膜压力分布的影响。结果表明,在该模型条件下,销-盘摩擦表面间能够形成流体动压润滑,不同的表面织构参数对销盘摩擦表面间的油膜压力分布产生较大的影响。通过该模型可得到实现最佳摩擦表现的最优化的表面织构参数,从而为人工髋关节材料销-盘实验的设计提供参考。     

Sweep曲面离散建模技术研究

为了实现在3D打印的离散模型上直接进行模型的编辑和修改,提出了基于投影扫略的离散直接构建Sweep曲面的方法.首先在构建投影Sweep曲面之前运用积累弦长参数化方法对脊线离散点重采样,重新规划脊线离散点间的空间位置,改善了Sweep曲面的质量.其次,对于Sweep曲面拐角处的误差,给出了通过细分拐角曲面减小误差的方法.再次,对于基于二维草图构建的扫掠曲面所出现的局部自交,提出了一种扫略轮廓线提取算法,能有效检测并去除扫掠曲面的局部自交.最后通过实验证明,基于投影扫描的Sweep曲面连续而且光滑,细分拐角能改善Sweep曲面质量,轮廓线提取算法去除扫掠曲面自交的效果良好,能满足三维打印建模要求.     

Influence of thermal mechanical coupling on surface integrity in disc milling grooving of titanium alloy

Disc milling strategy has been applied in grooving for decades for its capacity to provide huge milling force on the difficult-to-cut material. The processing efficiency of machined components thus can be tremendously improved with the application of disc milling. However, the fundamental research of the mechanisms of disc milling on cutting metal materials, especially on titanium alloys, is lacking in the literature. In this study, the milling force and temperature were inspected in disc milling grooving experiment, and the effect of thermal-mechanical coupling on surface integrity of titanium alloy, including surface roughness, surface topography, surface and subsurface residual stress, microstructure, and microhardness, was analyzed. The results showed that a better surface quality can be obtained at the center of the surfaces compared to the marginal regions on the same machined surface. Residual compressive stress was generated on the machined surface and subsurface and gradually reduced to zero with an increase in depth. The microstructure of lattice tensile deformation was emerged along feed direction, while the phase transition was not produced. A hardened layer was found on the machined surface and subsurface, mostly causing by the mechanical loads and oxidation reaction.     

联轴器法兰端面齿的设计及有限元分析

提出了联轴器法兰锥形端面齿的几何尺寸设计方法,建立了端面齿及连接螺栓的强度校核公式,并进行了有限元分析验证。该方法能用于Ф500～Ф1 200 mm联轴器法兰端面齿的系列化一般设计,也可供小规格联轴器法兰端面齿作设计参考。     

时栅位移传感器在构造场中的耦合特性研究

为了进一步溯源时栅位移传感器磁场耦合过程引起的误差,对时栅位移传感器在构造场中的耦合特性进行研究,并研制了一种基于指数形平面线圈结构的新型直线时栅位移传感器。建立传感器工程构造磁场的数学模型,分析传感器耦合间隙对线圈耦合平面磁场分布的影响,研究不同形状平面线圈的耦合特性;根据传感器的耦合特性,构建了一种新型直线时栅位移传感器测量模型,对该模型进行了电磁场有限元仿真和仿真误差分析,得出该结构最佳感应间隙为0.4 mm;对传感器的结构误差进行了溯源分析,进一步优化传感器的结构;搭建实验平台,利用双层PCB绕线工艺加工传感器定尺和动尺,对优化前后的传感器样机开展对比实验。实验结果表明,设计的基于指数形平面线圈结构的新型直线时栅位移传感器可以有效抑制传感器的四次误差,新研制的传感器样机的原始测量精度在原有的基础上提高了45.8%。     

残疾人假手的仿人和欠驱动机构研究

根据欠驱动和耦合原理研制出了仿人型残疾人假手,该手结构简单,质量轻,高度集成化,与成年人手的大小相仿,用Matlab软件优化设计了手指各杆件参数,同时进行了运动学分析.该假手对不同物体抓取具有自适应性,能进行力量抓取和精确抓取.     

Study on long life of artificial joints by investigating optimal sliding surface geometry for improvement in wear resistance

The effective life of artificial joints is approximately 15 years. A smooth metal sliding surface is presumably the most suitable when manufacturing artificial joints; however, the relationship between the characteristics of metal sliding surface and ultra high molecular polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear has not been confirmed. Further, there is no apparent proof that a smooth surface is the optimal option for the improvement in the wear resistance of artificial joints. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of UHMWPE wear and proved that scratch marks caused by a sliding motion against the metal surface are the prime cause of UHMWPE wear. Furthermore, we used a micro-dimpled surface as an effective sliding surface to reduce the UHMWPE wear. A 2-axes pin-on-plate sliding test proved that the life of artificial joints can be extended to approximately 35 years by using a micro-dimpled surface with 1-μm deep dimples.     

基于Java3D的不规则曲面纹理贴图的研究

针对Java3D对不规则曲面难以贴图的困难,提出离散化二维纹理图案的方法,对待贴图的不规则曲面进行有限数量的网格细分,然后寻找出离散点与局部三角形面片中各点的对应关系,即点对点的转换,从而完成由二维纹理空间到曲面空间的贴图.     

基于逆向工程的个性化人工关节三维CAD数模的建立

通过螺旋CT扫描人体股骨关节,得到二维断层图像数据,利用数据处理软件将二维图片转换成三维点云数据,继而依据点云数据,采用计算机三维重构技术,构建了股骨的三维CAD数字模型.     

表面粗糙度三维评定的研究

对表面粗糙度的三维评定进行了研究。给出了基准面的构造方法 ,三维评定参数的定义及算法 ;最后对实测零件数据分别进行二维和三维评定 ,对评定结果加以比对 ,反映出三维评定的整体特性。     

Study on the design of ball valve based on elastic ring valve seat structure and fluid characteristics and fatigue strength

Aimed at the technical problems such as the influence of granular medium on spring pre-tightening force sealing, a new ball valve based on elastic ring valve seat structure is studied. The spring plate type valve seat structure is designed to cooperate with the ball core for sealing, and the blade spring coil is used to cooperate with the ball core for sealing in the spring plate type valve seat structure. Wherein the supporting back ring supports the blade leaf spring on the outer side to enhance and protect the role of the blade spring coil. The design without the spring cavity avoids the problem of sealing failure caused by medium entering into the spring cavity and affecting the compression spring, and avoids the situation that the valve seat can be sealed with the ball core by pre-tightening the compression spring, thus avoiding the problem of sealing failure caused by the valve seat sticking on the valve body. The mechanical and flow characteristics are studied and analyzed by the ball valve characteristic test system. The stem torque, unbalance torque, flow characteristics and flow coefficient variation at different nominal diameters are analyzed. The seal allowable squeeze stress and seal surface pressure are analyzed, and the seal is stable and reliable with the seal pressure meeting the seal design criteria. The fluid dynamics simulation analyzes the velocity, pressure and flow traces of the fluid flowing through the ball valve under three opening degrees: fully closed, half open and fully open, the maximum velocity-pressure and opening degree variation curves of the inlet and outlet, the maximum velocity-pressure and opening degree variation curves of the inlet and outlet under different nominal diameters and the flow resistance coefficient curves. Static strength analysis was done for the ball core and spring plate seat structure to obtain the stress, displacement, strain and safety factor. The fatigue strength of the ball spool and spring-loaded plate seat structure was analyzed, and the total number of lives (cycles) and load factors were obtained, and the results show that the fatigue strength of the ball spool and spring-loaded plate seat structure is safe and the fatigue strength meets the requirements. Ball valve pressure test, low pressure sealing test and high pressure sealing test, valve body strength and ball valve sealing performance all meet the requirements.