SERF原子磁强计最新进展及应用综述

超高灵敏度磁场测量具有重要的科学和经济意义。利用原子自旋效应进行物理量的精密测量已成为近年来实验物理领域的一种重要手段,其中无自旋交换弛豫（SERF）原子磁强计因其具备的超高灵敏度而备受关注。碱金属气室是SERF原子磁强计的灵敏核心,原子源种类决定了其测量灵敏度的极限。将SERF原子磁强计的研究成果按照碱金属原子源分类总结,分析其研究方法,综述其研究进展以及在实际应用中所取得的突破,对SERF原子磁强计有待进一步拓展的方向和所面临的挑战进行展望,对该领域未来的研究有重要的参考意义与实用价值。     

基于SERF原子磁强计的三轴磁场顺序补偿方法研究

无自旋交换弛豫(SERF)原子磁强计是一种灵敏度非常高的磁强计,而剩余磁场强度是影响SERF原子磁强计灵敏度的主要因素之一。为此,提出了一种SERF原子磁强计三轴磁场顺序补偿方法,该方法将剩磁范围分为三个部分,每个部分对应不同的补偿方式,并且使用软件对顺序补偿的整个过程进行了仿真实验。实验表明,该方法可以不受补偿前原始剩磁大小的影响,更具有普适性。     

无自旋交换弛豫原子磁强计的主动磁补偿

由于外界磁场扰动会降低无自旋交换弛豫(SERF)原子磁强计的磁场测量灵敏度,本文根据SERF原子磁强计的测量原理,提出了一种基于原位磁测补偿外部磁场扰动的方法。该方法通过调制解调的方法对3个方向的磁场进行解耦,实现3个方向磁场信息的独立测量。然后,将3个方向磁场的测量信息作为反馈,调节电流源输出给线圈的电流,使线圈产生一个与外界扰动磁场大小相同方向相反的补偿磁场。最后,在现有的SERF原子磁强计实验平台上搭建了主动磁补偿系统,实现了对外部扰动磁场的补偿。与手动补偿方式相比,本文提出的主动磁补偿方法可将剩余磁场的平均值从0.317 8nT降低到0.040 4nT,同时将剩余磁场的均方差由0.348 1nT降低到0.024 7nT。得到的实验结果验证了本文所述方法的有效性。     

SERF原子磁强计自适应参数标定方法研究

由于串扰、AC-Stark效应等因素的影响,导致SERF原子磁强计的空间位置(三维坐标以及灵敏轴指向)以及增益系数发生偏差,直接影响磁源定位的精度。针对以上问题,提出了一种自适应的SERF原子磁强计参数标定方法。基于磁偶极子模型设计了标定装置,装置由24个精密加工的圆线圈组成,用来施加标定磁源。提出了一种改进的自适应精英遗传算法,以同时标定磁强计的相关参数。实验结果表明,算法拟合得到的实际磁场曲线和理论磁场曲线之间的平均相关系数为99.55%,x轴坐标值漂移最明显,平均绝对偏差为2.63 mm,灵敏轴的平均绝对偏差为8.21°,这意味着在磁源定位前,需要对传感器参数进行准确测量。提出的标定方法对于提高磁源定位精度具有一定的参考意义。     

单光束 SERF 磁强计三轴磁场解耦磁补偿校准方法

针对单光束SERF原子磁强计磁补偿过程中的三轴磁场耦合问题,提出了一种对磁强计三轴顺序补偿值进行反向校准的方法,用于减小三轴补偿过程中产生的耦合磁场。首先,构建了三轴磁场耦合数学模型,即一个3×3的耦合系数矩阵,来描述三轴之间的磁场耦合关系,并对实验室磁强计样机进行了三轴耦合系数测试。然后,提出了一种应用三轴耦合系数对三轴顺序补偿值进行反向校准的方法;最后,对比了校准前后的磁补偿效果。实验表明,经三轴顺序补偿反向校准后,磁强计的响应线宽平均变窄2～10 Hz,灵敏度提高3～5 fTHz^1/2,验证了该方法的有效性,为进一步优化磁补偿技术奠定了基础。     

融合转向差校正的磁强计地磁补偿硬件实现研究

为实现地磁背景下微弱磁异常目标的远距离探测,解决地磁背景信号远大于目标磁异常信号,导致测试系统分辨率和探测能力受限的问题,文中设计了由测量和补偿2个三轴磁通门磁强计构成的实时动态地磁补偿系统。推导了三轴磁通门磁强计非正交、灵敏度和零点误差对测量结果的影响方式,提出了通过电路参数的合理匹配和优化设计实现转向差校正和地磁补偿的硬件技术方案。实验证明该方案有良好的转向差校正和地磁补偿效果,可以为磁异常信号提供更大的增益范围,能够实现对微小磁异常信号的实时提取与动态检测,具有较好的工程应用价值。     

一种新型便携式弱磁场测量系统

针对目前微弱磁场测量装置具有测量精度低、成本高、体积大等缺点。设计并制作了一种以TMR磁传感器为磁敏感探头的新型便携式微弱磁场测量系统,并通过液晶屏实时显示测量数据。通过FD-ICH-II新型螺线管磁场测定仪对本弱磁测量系统进行了标定实验,实验结果表明:该弱磁测量系统具有灵敏度高,较宽的测量范围,线性度高,测量平均误差小于1.2%,分辨率达到10-8T,满足弱磁测量的要求。对于某些特定场合,该弱磁测量系统完全可以得到应用。     

基于FLANN的三轴磁强计误差校正研究

提出一种基于函数链接型神经网络(FLANN)的三轴磁强计误差修正方法.由于三轴非正交、灵敏度不一致及零点漂移所引起的误差降低了三轴磁强计的测量精度,因此有必要进行校正.本文先对与三轴磁强计系统参数有关的测量进行详细分析和理论计算;然后,设计矩阵形式的数学模型对该误差进行修正.通过构造相应的FLANN网络结构,实现对模型参数矩阵的辨识.用实际地磁场测量数据进行测试,结果表明,三轴磁强计的转向误差由800 nT修正到12 nT以下.因此,该研究为提高三轴磁强计性能提供了一种可行方法.     

77K VHF SQUID低噪声磁强计的研制

本文阐述了为提高７７Ｋ超导量子干涉器（ｓｕｐｅｒｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｎｇｑｕａｎｔｕｍｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｄｅｖｉｃｅ,简称ＳＱＵＩＤ）磁强计的磁场灵敏度,选择ＳＱＵＩＤ载波电流频率在甚高频（简称ＶＨＦ）频段的优点,并介绍了在ＳＱＵＩＤ磁强计电路中采用频率合成及锁相技术来实现电路低噪声工作原理,使磁测有比较高的信噪比,该磁强计在地球物理勘查的弱磁测量上将得到广泛的应用。     

Bell-Bloom型SERF原子磁力仪综述

弱磁检测技术可应用于地球物理探测、医学、军事等诸多领域。随着弱磁检测技术的不断提升,磁力仪的发展十分迅猛。近些年,无自旋交换弛豫原子磁力仪超越了超导量子干涉磁力仪成为目前世界上最灵敏的磁强计。首先介绍了无自旋交换弛豫原子磁力仪超高灵敏度的根本原因-无自旋交换弛豫现象,以及Bell-Bloom型无自旋交换弛豫原子磁力仪机理;接着给出了国内外最常用的Bell-Bloom型无自旋交换弛豫原子磁力仪的装置结构,并对其各组成部分加以详细描述分析;根据原子磁力仪的不同工作模式,归纳出3种系统设计方案并对其优缺点和适用场合进行对比;最后,对其灵敏度、响应带宽和实用集成化三方面进行论述,指出Bell-Bloom型无自旋交换弛豫原子磁力仪具有广泛应用前景。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.