0.24g/条梨小食心虫信息素缓释剂防治桃树梨小食心虫试验

0.24 g/条梨小食心虫信息素缓释剂防治桃树梨小食心虫的田间试验结果表明:0.24 g/条梨小食心虫信息素缓释剂118.8 g/hm2(33.3条/667m2)于第1代成虫羽化前释放,对梨小食心虫具有较好防效,优于常规化学药剂,持效期为135 d以上.同时该信息素对桃树安全,对天敌无杀伤作用,具有广阔的推广应用前景.     

5%锐劲特SC防治梨小食心虫药效试验

5％锐劲特SC防治水稻、蔬菜类害虫已见诸报导，但防治梨树害虫却所见不多。“云和雪梨”是我县优良的传统产品，在其生产过程中常受梨小食心虫的危害。近几年来，由于长期使用乐果、三唑磷等农药防治，使该虫产生了抗药性。为了探明新的替代农药品种和用量，有效地控制梨小食心虫的危害，进行了5％锐劲特SC防治梨小食心虫的试验。     

桃小、梨小食心虫性信息素鉴定会在营口市召开

1984年3月27～29日,营口市科委和营口市化学工业公司在营口市联合主持召开了桃小、梨小食心虫性信息素鉴定会。营口市石油化工研究所在中国科学院动物研究所的帮助下,从1979年开始进行桃小、梨小食心虫性信息素合成研究,于1980年和1983年分别召开了小试鉴定会相应用性诱剂测报桃小食心虫成虫发生及防治试验中试鉴定会,并根     

巴斯夫将挺进巴西生物农药市场

巴斯夫将在巴西推广2种生物农药。枯草芽孢杆菌菌株QST 713在巴西获得登记,用于洋葱、苹果、草莓、大豆抵抗多种病害。信息素Cetro在巴西首次上市,将用于苹果及桃树控制梨小食心虫。为扩大市场占有率,公司在巴西进行有关生物杀菌剂及信息素市场调查,计划向巴西市场引入更多此类产品,为害虫综合防治提供最佳方案。     

2.5%氟氯菊酯防治果树害虫试验

1988～1989年,我们用美国FMC公司的2.5%氟氯菊酯乳油对苹果树、梨树上的主要害虫山楂叶螨、苹果蚜虫、梨蚜、梨木虱、桃小食心虫、梨小食心虫、黄粉虫和舟形毛虫等害虫进行了田间防治试验,取得了较好的效果。     

气相色谱法测定梨小食心虫性信息素微囊粒剂的释放特性

实验以正十二醇为内标物,采用气相色谱程序升温的方法对不同粒径的梨小食心虫性信息素微囊粒剂的释放特性进行定期测定.梨小食心虫性信息素和正十二醇保留时间分别为8.10、8.92 min,且与其他组分完全分离,空白微囊粒剂在二者对应出峰位置处无干扰;相关系数为0.9990,精密度和回收率均符合分析的要求.梨小食心虫性信息素微囊粒剂的持续释放时间达110d以上.     

跨国公司动态

巴斯夫将挺进巴西生物农药市场巴斯夫将在巴西推广两种生物农药。枯草芽孢杆菌菌株QST713上月在巴西获得登记,用于洋葱、苹果、草莓、大豆抵抗多种病害。信息素Cetro在巴西首次上市,将用于苹果及桃树控制梨小食心虫。为扩大市场占有率,公司在巴西进行有关生物杀菌剂及信息素市场调查,计划向巴西市场引入更多此     

氰戊菊酯水乳剂防治桃蚜,梨小食心虫药效试验

氰戊菊酯水乳剂是安徽省化工研究所最新研制的一种农药新剂型。该剂型不仅具有氰戊菊酯乳油的优良特性,杀虫效果显著,还有生产成本低于乳油的一大特点。为了探索氰戊菊酯水乳剂防治桃树二种主要害虫桃蚜和梨小食心虫经济、有效的最佳用量,作者于1990年进行了上述药效试验,现将结果报告如下。     

阿维菌素对几种果树害虫的毒力测定与安全性评价

利用果树害虫桃小食心虫、山楂叶螨、苹果黄蚜、梨木虱和金纹细蛾进行阿维菌素的毒力测定,按照阿维菌素对哺乳动物的急性经口毒性及对不同害虫的室内生物活性比值计算出药剂的安全指数,并分析阿维菌素适宜防治的害虫种类。通过分析认为,阿维菌素最适于防治山楂叶螨和梨木虱,其次为金纹细蛾、苹果黄蚜,不提倡使用阿维菌素防治桃小食心虫。通过横向分析比较,对于高效利用阿维菌素,减低药剂中毒风险和延缓抗药性有一定的作用。     

梨小食心虫性信息素的简便合成

[目的]以廉价、易得的原料合成梨小食心虫性信息素(Z/E)-12-十四碳烯醇乙酸酯.[结果]以35.9%的总收率合成了梨小食心虫性信息索(Z/E)-12-十四碳烯醇乙酸酯,GC分析结果表明顺反异构体比例为87/13.将所得的顺反异构体混合物在亚硝酸钠和硝酸体系中经构型转化得到顺反比例为23/77的(Z/E)-12-十四碳烯醇乙酸酯,产物结构经IR、1H NMR等方法确证.[结论]该路线简洁且比大多数文献报道的方法产率略高,值得借鉴.     

Air permeation tests with orfralure for reduction in trap catch of oriental fruit moths

Orfralure [93% (Z), 7% (E)-8-dodecen-1-ol acetate], the synthetic pheromone of the oriental fruit moth,Grapholitha molesta (Busck), was released into the air of orchard test plots either by hanging plastic laminated dispensers on trees or by aerial dispersal of microcapsules containing a solution of the lure. Trap catch was reduced 95% or more with the most effective formulations, but consistently higher reductions were produced by the dispensers. In tests as long as 28 weeks with dispensers, a single retreatment at midseason maintained an effective concentration.Lepidoptera: Olethreutinae.Mention of a commercial or proprietory product does not constitute an endorsement of this product by the USDA.A preliminary report of some experiments included in this paper appeared elsewhere (Gentry et al., 1976).     

Identification of a four-component sex pheromone of the female oriental fruit moth,Grapholitha molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

The female-emitted pheromone ofGrapholitha molesta (Busck), the Oriental fruit moth, was collected by holding females in glass flasks during calling. Flask washes were found to contain four pheromone components: (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate and (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate in a 1007 ratio, and (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol and dodecanol in a 10020 ratio. The ratio of (Z)-8-acetate to (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol was approx. 10030. Approximately 0.1–0.2 ng of pheromone was recovered per female per hour of calling.Published as Journal Article No. 8598 of the Michigan State University Agricultural Experiment Station.     

Sublethal Effects of Neonicotinoid Insecticide on Calling Behavior and Pheromone Production of Tortricid Moths

In moths, sexual behavior combines female sex pheromone production and calling behavior. The normal functioning of these periodic events requires an intact nervous system. Neurotoxic insecticide residues in the agroecosystem could impact the normal functioning of pheromone communication through alteration of the nervous system. In this study we assess whether sublethal concentrations of the neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid, that competitively modulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the dendrite, affect pheromone production and calling behavior in adults of three economically important tortricid moth pests; Cydia pomonella (L.), Grapholita molesta (Busck), and Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller). Thiacloprid significantly reduced the amount of calling in C. pomonella females at LC_0.001 (a lethal concentration that kills only 1 in 10⁵ individuals), and altered its calling period at LC₁, and in both cases the effect was dose-dependent. In the other two species the effect was similar but started at higher LCs, and the effect was relatively small in L. botrana. Pheromone production was altered only in C. pomonella, with a reduction of the major compound, codlemone, and one minor component, starting at LC₁₀. Since sex pheromones and neonicotinoids are used together in the management of these three species, our results could have implications regarding the interaction between these two pest control methods.     

Oriental fruit moth pheromone component emission rates measured after collection by glass-surface adsorption

We collected and quantified both synthetic and natural Oriental fruit moth [Grapholitha molesta (Busck)] sex pheromone components in 250-ml round-bottom flasks by hexane rinsing of compounds adsorbed on the glass walls. This simple procedure collected 100% of the pheromone evaporated inside the flask and was useful for quantifying both nanogram and microgram amounts of emitted pheromone. Emission rates of (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate from 1000, 100, and 10 g-loaded rubber septa were 219, 12, and 1.2 ng/hr, respectively.G. molesta females emitted this component at 3.2 ng/hr, close to the emission rate from a 10 g-loaded septum, which evokes long-range and close-range behaviors in the male. The corresponding alcohol, (Z)-8-dodecenyl alcohol, was emitted from rubber septa ca. 3 times faster than the acetate.Lepidoptera: Tortricidae.Paper of the Michigan State Agricultural Experiment Station.     

桃潜叶蛾性信息素研究进展

对桃潜叶蛾性信息素的研究进展进行了综述。介绍了桃潜叶蛾性信息素的化学组成、活性鉴定、化学结构。重点评述了桃潜叶蛾性信息素-（S）-14-甲基-1-十八碳烯的合成方法（包括手性源法、手性助剂法、手性试剂法、手性催化剂法）。阐明了桃潜叶蛾性信息素在桃潜叶蛾防治中的应用途径，并对其应用前景和研究方向进行了讨论和展望。     

Sex-Specific Trail Pheromone Mediates Complex Mate Finding Behavior in Anoplophora glabripennis

Anoplophora glabripennis (Motsch.) is a polyphagous member of the Cerambycidae, and is considered, worldwide, to be one of the most serious quarantine pests of deciduous trees. We isolated four chemicals from the trail of A. glabripennis virgin and mated females that were not present in trails of mature males. These compounds were identified as 2-methyldocosane and (Z)-9-tricosene (major components), as well as (Z)-9-pentacosene and (Z)-7-pentacosene (minor components); every trail wash sample contained all four chemical components, although the amounts and ratios changed with age of the female. Males responded to the full pheromone blend, regardless of mating status, but virgin females chose the control over the pheromone, suggesting that they may use it as a spacing pheromone to avoid intraspecific competition and maximize resources. Virgin, but not mated, males also chose the major pheromone components in the absence of the minor components, over the control. Taken together, these results indicate that all four chemicals are components of the trail pheromone. The timing of production of the ratios of the pheromone blend components that produced positive responses from males coincided with the timing of sexual maturation of the female.     

Aphid semiochemicals — A review,and recent advances on the sex pheromone

The alarm pheromones are known for many species of aphids, and methods of using the synthetic pheromone to improve control of aphids by contact insecticides and biological agents have been devised. Highly active analogs have been prepared and plant-derived synergists identified. Laboratory studies on compounds obtained by chemical modification of the alarm pheromone and antifeedants derived from non-host plants have led to successful field trials against aphid-borne virus diseases in crops. Strategies for biotechnological production of aphid semiochemicals are described. The sex pheromones for a number of aphids have recently been identified. Further studies on the production, perception, and interspecific attraction of the pheromone components are described and possible uses for the sex pheromone are discussed.