Influence of lanthanum doping on performance of LiFePO4 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Using solid-state synthesis method,a series of samples of lanthanum doped Li1-xLaxFePO4(x=0.0025,0.005,0.0075,0.01) were prepared.Each cathode structural and electrochemical properties were investigated using X-ray diffractometry(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and charge/discharge cycling.Nanopowders material with single-phase could be obtained.The reversible capacity could be drastically improved by the introduction of La.The optimum cells with Li0.99La0....     

活性炭纤维负载CuO改性及其性能表征

以Cu(NO_3)_2溶液作为前躯体,采用浸渍–煅烧法对盐酸预处理后的活性炭纤维(activated carbon fiber,ACF)毡进行负载氧化铜化学改性,制备CuO/ACF电极材料。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、比表面积及孔径分析仪以及傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对ACF及其负载CuO后的形貌与结构、元素组成、比表面积、孔径等进行观察与分析,并利用电化学工作站测试其电化学性能。结果表明:经过负载CuO化学改性的CuO/ACF电极材料,比表面积及孔容较改性前分别下降31.94%和33.95%,表面含氧基团增多,出现明显的Cu—O键,CuO/ACF电极材料中Cu元素的质量分数为13.7%;负载CuO后比电容升高17.95%,电吸附性能提高。CuO/ACF材料可作为电极材料用于去除废水中的无机盐离子。     

Mg和Na共掺杂对富锂正极材料结构和电性能影响研究

采用溶胶—凝胶法制备了Na和Mg共掺杂的无钴富锂锰基正极材料,通过透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、充放电测试仪和电化学工作站对所制备样品的形貌、结构和电化学性能进行了测试。结果表明,所有样品颗粒大小约100nm,呈近似球形,样品均无杂相峰出现,都具有良好的层状结构,Na~+和Mg~(2+)对Ni和Mn离子的氧化状态没有影响。LNi018具有最好的电化学性能,初始放电容量为225.5mAh/g,库伦效率为78.0%,循环250周后容量保持率为83.1%。LNi018样品中Ni含量相对于其它样品较少,Ni ~(2+)和Mg~(2+)的价态相同,离子半径近似(Ni ~(2+)6.9nm,Mg~(2+)7.2nm),在晶格中Mg~(2+)取代了Ni~(2+)的位置,同时较大半径的Na~+(10.2nm)增大锂层间距,使晶体结构在充放电循环过程中更加稳定,因而能保持较高的放电电压和容量。     

磁场作用下煤系针状焦的制备与电化学性能

以除去喹啉不溶物的煤沥青为原料,在自制的载磁反应釜中制备针状焦.通过改变体系聚合反应最大压力及最高温度,对针状焦制备过程中施加磁场后中间相形成阶段的温度、体系最大压力等工艺条件进行了探讨,研究了不同条件下制备的针状焦的结构与电化学性能.采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪表征产物的结构特点;采用循环伏安法及电化学阻抗等分析方法表征了不同条件下制备的针状焦的电化学性能.在磁场作用下,体系最大压力为0.4 MPa、体系最高聚合温度为520℃时制备的针状焦具有最佳的结构及电化学性能.      

Preparation and electrochemical properties of Y-doped Li3V2（PO4）3 cathode materials for lithium batteries

Y-doped Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode materials were prepared by a carbothermal reduction(CTR) process. The properties of the Y-doped Li3V2(PO4)3 were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical measurements. XRD studies showed that the Y-doped Li3V2(PO4)3 had the same monoclinic structure as the undoped Li3V2(PO4)3. The Y-doped Li3V2(PO4)3 samples were investigated on the Li extraction/insertion performances through charge/discharge, cyclic voltammogram (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). The optimal doping content of Y was x=0.03 in Li3V2-xYx(PO4)3 system. The Y-doped Li3V2(PO4)3 samples showed a better cyclic ability. The electrode reaction reversibility was enhanced, and the charge transfer resistance was decreased through the Y-doping. The improved electrochemical performances of the Y-doped Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode materials were attributed to the addition of Y3+ ion by stabilizing the monoclinic structure.     

固相反应条件对磷酸铁锂电化学性能的影响

以碳酸锂(Li₂CO₃)为锂源, 磷酸二氢铵(NH₄H₂PO₄)为磷源, 草酸亚铁(FeC₂O₄·2H₂O)为铁源, 柠檬酸(C₆H₈O₇·H₂O)为碳源, 采用固相反应法制备橄榄石晶型磷酸铁锂。利用X射线衍射仪, 扫描电子显微镜, 能谱仪, 比表面积分析仪和电化学测试等设备和方法对磷酸铁锂材料的物相组成、结构、形貌和电化学性能进行表征, 研究煅烧温度和保温时间对磷酸铁锂电化学性能的影响, 并通过添加碳对试样进行包覆改性。结果表明, 在煅烧温度为700℃, 保温时间为12 h条件下制备的磷酸铁锂正极材料的电化学性能良好, 碳包覆能有效改善电极材料的性能。包覆碳后的磷酸铁锂电极材料在0.2C充电电流密度下首次放电比容量可达319.2 mAh·g-1; 在1C充电电流密度下循环100次后, 放电比容量保持在168.1 mAh·g-1。     

电解液中Li2SO4对ZAlSi12合金微弧氧化膜特性的影响

采用微弧氧化技术在ZAlSi12合金表面制备氧化膜,研究了Li₂SO₄的加入对微弧氧化膜性能的影响.随着电解液中Li₂SO₄含量增加,试样表面氧化膜变厚且粗糙.X射线衍射分析表明,微弧氧化膜主要由Al₂O₃相和莫来石相组成.加入Li₂SO₄且经微弧氧化处理得到的试样耐腐蚀性能优于未经微弧氧化处理的试样.      

稀土La掺杂对层状富锂锰基氧化物正极材料结构及电化学性能的影响

采用碳酸盐共沉淀-高温烧结法制备了La掺杂层状富锂锰基氧化物正极材料Li_1.2Mn_0.54-xNi_0.13Co_0.13La_xO₂（x=0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05），考察了La掺杂量对正极材料的结构及电化学性能的影响.采用X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）分析研究了正极材料的结构和形貌特征，材料的电化学性能采用交流阻抗和充放电测试仪进行测试分析.研究结果表明:所有样品均保持层状α-NaFeO₂结构，随着La掺杂量的增加，样品形貌未发生明显变化，样品放电容量呈现先增大后降低的趋势，当La掺杂量为0.03时，具有最高的放电比容量285.3 mAh/g（0.1 C），经过50次循环后的放电比容量为260.5 mAh/g，容量保持率为91.3 %.      

LaMg11Zr+200%Ni+x%La(x=O,5,10)储氢合金结构及电化学性能

采用机械合金化法(MA)制备了非晶态LaMg11Zr+200%(质量分数,下同)Ni+x%La(x=0,5,10)系列储氢合金,并详细研究了La添加对该系列合金的相结构及电化学性能的影响.结构分析表明,球磨20h该系列合金都呈非晶态,La添加后合金颗粒得到明显细化;电化学研究表明,La添加后,合金电极充电阻力减小,放电容量随La含量的增加而增大,适量v的添加一定程度上改善了合金电极的循环稳定性和动力学性能,LaMg11Zr+200%Ni+5%La合金电极达到最大放电容量597.2mAh·g-1,循环30次后的容量保持率仍为53.5%.     

Study on the preparation and electrochemical performance of rare earth doped nano-Ni（OH）2

Multiphase nano-Ni(OH)2 doped with Y or La was prepared by supersonic co-precipitation method. The crystal morphology, structure and particle size were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and particle size distribution (PSD). The electrochemical performance of samples was investigated by electrochemical workstation and battery tested system. The results indicated that micro-morphology and grain size were changed with the changing of supersonic power, pH values and doping elements. The morphology of Y doped sample was from the flake-like to the needle-like with the increase of supersonic power; Particles were from quasi-spherical particles into needle-like with the increase of pH values; As the supersonic power increased, the proportion of α-Ni(OH)2 increased initially and then decreased. pH value was very important to the formation of crystalline phase. Lower pH value was beneficial to the formation of α-Ni(OH)2. However, the pH values had a slight effect on the reaction reversibility. Complex electrodes were prepared by mixing 8 wt.% nickel hydroxides with commercial micro-size spherical nickel. The discharge capacity of electrodes increased initially and then decreased with the increase of supersonic power. When the supersonic power was 60 W and the pH value was 9, the sample had the largest dis-charge capacity (358 mAh/g) at 0.5 C rate, which was 122.7 and 76 mAh/g higher than the spherical nickel electrode and La doped sample electrode, respectively.     

Corrosion behavior of Ce-doped Ni-10Cu-11Fe-6Al (wt%) inert anode in molten CaCl2 salt

In this research the effect of cerium dopingon corrosion behavior of Ni-10 Cu-11 Fe-6 Al(wt%) alloy as a novel inert anode in titanium electrolytic production was investigated. The samples, including un-doped and Ce-doped nickel-based alloys, were prepared using vacuum induction melting(VIM) process and then exposed to the electrolysis in molten calcium chloride at 900C at à1.6 V versus graphite reference electrode for different immersion time. The surface and cross-section of the samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and their electrochemical behavior was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The results show that the un-doped samples have greater number of voids and porosities as compared to that of the 0.0064 wt% Ce-doped samples(as the optimum content of cerium in the alloy). Thus, the nickel-based alloy becomes less sensitive to the pitting by addition of cerium. The corrosion penetration depth reaches about 244 mm after 16 h of electrolysis in the un-doped sample, while was approximately 103 mm for the 0.0064 wt% Ce-doped sample, which is an indication that the corrosion penetration depth decreases by adding small amounts of Ce.     

Effect of cerium oxide prepared under different hydrothermal time on electrocatalytic performance of Pt-based anode catalysts

In this paper,CeO_2 with a pore size of 2-4 nm was synthesized by hydrothermal method.The CeO_2 modified graphene-supported Pt catalyst was prepared by the microwave-assisted ethylene glycol reduction chloroplatinic acid method,and the effect of the addition of CeO_2 prepared by different hydrothermal reaction time on the catalytic performance of Pt-based catalysts was investigated.The microstructures of CeO_2 and catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),specific surface area and pore size analyzer(BET),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and electron spectroscopy(EDAX),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and the catalysts electrochemical performance was tested by electrochemical workstation.The results show that the catalytic performance of the four catalysts with CeO_2 is better than that of the catalyst without CeO_2.Adding CeO_2 with a specific surface area of 120.15 m~2/g prepared by hydrothermal reaction time of 39 h to Pt/C synthesis catalyst,its electrocatalytic performance,stability and resistance to poisoning are the best.The electrochemical active surface area is 102.83 m~2/g,the peak current density of ethanol oxidation is 757.17 A/g and steady-state current density of 1100 s is 108.17 A/g which shows the lowest activation energy for ethanol oxidation reaction.When the cyclic voltammogram is scanned for 500 cycles,the oxidation peak current density retention rate is 87.74%.     

共沉淀法制备锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO4

采用共沉淀法制备橄榄石结构的LiFePO4锂离子电池正极材料,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、循环伏安(CV)和恒电流充放电测试等方法对其结构、表观形貌及电化学性能进行了分析研究.结果表明,该方法制备的LiFePO4为均一的橄榄石型晶体结构,颗粒微细;低倍率下充放电测试比容量可达126.3 mA·h/g;循环性能良好,充放电100次循环后,容量损失率仅为9.4%.     

具有核壳结构的高电压正极材料Li(Co_(0.9)Ni_(0.05)Mn_(0.05))O_2的制备与表征

以共沉淀法制备的Ni-Mn包覆Co_3O_4前驱体和Li_2CO_3为原料,通过高温固相法制得了具有核壳结构的锂电池正极材料Li(Co_(0.9)Ni_(0.05)Mn_(0.05))O_2.用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)和充放电测试表征了样品的形貌、晶体结构和电化学性能.结果表明,所制备的核壳结构Li(Co_(0.9)Ni_(0.05)Mn_(0.05))O_2具有良好的电化学性能,在3.0~4.5 V和3.0~4.6 V,0.2 C下首次放电容量分别达到180.5 m A·h·g~(-1)和201.3 m A·h·g~(-1),在1 C下,循环50周后容量保持率分别为89.3%和63.3%.     

La-doped SnO₂:synthesis and its electrochemical property

Tin dioxide(SnO2) and La-doped(1%,5%,10% in mass ratio) SnO2 samples were prepared via a hydrothermal method. The as-prepared powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) . Results showed that the particle size of SnO2 decreased gradually with the increase of the doped La element. When used as anode materials of Li ion battery,the La-doped samples exhibited better cycling performance than the pure SnO2,and the cycling performance of the La-doped samples got better and better with the increase of the doped La. The better electrochemical performance of the doped material could be attributed to the doping of La element,which not only enabled SnO2 powders to have a good dispersivity but also reduced their particle size.     

CoCrFeNiCuTix高熵合金的微观组织与耐腐蚀性能研究

采用真空热压烧结法制备了CoCrFeNiCuTi_x (x为摩尔比, x=0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00)六元高熵合金, 研究了Ti含量对该高熵合金微观组织和耐腐蚀性的影响。利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、HVS-1000B型数显显微硬度计和电化学工作站等设备测试和分析了CoCrFeNiCuTi_x高熵合金的组织结构和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明: 不同Ti含量(摩尔分数)的CoCrFeNiCuTi_x高熵合金, 物相都为面心立方结构, 组织主要为树枝晶; 随着Ti摩尔分数的增加, 高熵合金树枝晶组织减少, 硬度先增加后减小, x=0.50时, 合金的硬度值最大, 为HV 755;CoCrFeNiCuTi_x高熵合金的自腐蚀电位都正于45#钢, 耐腐蚀性先增强后减弱, x=0.50时, 其耐腐蚀性最优。     

Manufacturing Process,Electrochemical Properties and Structures of Ml(NiMnTiCo)_5 Hydrogen Storage Alloys

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Novel 3D porous graphene decorated with Co_3O_4/CeO_2 for high performance supercapacitor power cell

Tremendous research efforts have been aimed at ever-increasing worldwide energy demand. For this purpose, the hybrid supercapacitor power cell were prepared composing 3D porous graphene decorated with Co_3O_4-CeO_2 nano-particles herein by using flower stem as biotemplate. The resulting samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), Raman spectra, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy(XRD), nitrogen adsorption and desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectrogram(XPS), and electrochemical test. The 3D graphene acted as an excellent carrier together with Co_3O_4-CeO_2 nano-particles, boosting the specific capacitance of composite(221 F/g), which exceeded the theoretical value limit. This facile biotemplate method of research provided an eco-friendly and cut-price route to obtain high-quality graphene and Co_3O_4-CeO_2nano-composites owing to the unique porous structure derived from original template(flower stem). The finding presented a simple strategy for fabrication of novel energy storage devices.     

Fabrication of copper-ceria hybrid composite electrode for electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol

Copper-ceria hybrid composite electrode prepared by electrochemical co-deposition was examined for their redox process and electrocatalytic activities towards the oxidation of methanol.The structure and morphology of electrodes were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),respectively.XRD pattern of the copper-ceria hybrid composite electrode exhibited some diffraction peaks of CeO2 and SEM micrograph showed that it was composed of grains and flakes.The energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)spectrum of this area also showed the presence of cerium.Cyclic voltammetry,CO stripping and chronoamperometry were performed to characterize electrocatalytic property of the prepared samples.In cyclic voltammetry studies and chronoamperometry,copper-ceria hybrid composite electrode towards oxidation of methanol showed a significantly higher response and long term stability.CO stripping results indicated the facile removal of intermediate poisoning species CO in the presence of CeO2,which was helpful for CO and methanol electro-oxidation.     

溶胶凝胶法锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4的制备及表征

研究了以氢氧化锂和醋酸锰为原料 ,用溶胶—凝胶法制备作为锂离子二次电池的正极材料的Liy Crx Mn2 -x O4 ( x=0 .0 5,0 .0 8,0 .1 2 ;y=1 .0 0 ,1 .0 5,1 .1 0 )。用 X射线衍射法对样品进行分析 ,证实其结构仍然是尖晶石结构。实验结果显示 ,对于尖晶石 Li1.0 5Cr0 .0 5Mn1.95O4 的最佳热合成温度是750℃ ,而合成 Liy Crx Mn2 -x O4 样品的晶体学参数和电化学性能在很大程度上受锂和铬的含量的影响。综合考虑循环寿命和容量密度 ,Li1.0 5Cr0 .0 5Mn1.95O4 的性能最好。循环性能的改善主要是因为掺杂后结构更稳定。