基于AT89c52单片机的红外检测小车系统

本设计采用MCS-51单片机作为小车检测和控制的核心,实现小车系统的自动控制和外接电路的显示等功能。通过三个红外光电传感器对汽车运动方向进行检测,单片机接受红外传感器的电平信号并作出运行的决定,程序运用PWM直流电机调速技术,完成对汽车运动速度和运动方向的控制,电机的驱动方面采用了L298驱动模块。电路外接的数码管以静态的方式显示,电路外接的发光二极管组成中国矿业大学的英文缩写CUMT的字样并在系统运行时显示。     

中控LCS-300智能照明系统在某大型服装市场的应用

浙江中控自主研发的OptiSYS LCS－300分布式无线智能照明系统是一款先进的节能型照明系统。由CPU控制模块、开关驱动模块、调光驱动模块、信号检测模块、无线信号接受模块、无线控制面板、扩展通讯模块、智能传感器、系统编程软件、照明监控软件和中央站组成。     

微小尺寸测量用直线驱动装置的原理及特性

叙述了一种采用电致伸缩原理利用压电晶体组件的变形实现精密直线微位移的装置，介绍了它的结构设计，控制波形及运动分析，电气驱动系统。在对该装置检测与试验的基础上对其速度控制特性进行了深入探讨，得出了有益的结论。     

电磁式惯性型作动器的闭环控制策略与性能试验

针对电磁驱动AM D控制系统在开环控制模式下性能试验存在的问题,提出利用位置和速度反馈的闭环控制策略进行系统性能测试,从而可以研究系统在低频和大位移控制下的动态工作性能。首先借鉴运动伺服控制方法,把电磁驱动AM D控制系统的力-电关系模型转换成系统运动方程。其次类比于旋转电机并结合量纲分析方法,建立电磁驱动AM D控制系统闭环控制算法参数的理论计算公式,通过试验验证了公式及算法参数的准确性。最后分别进行正弦位移和阶跃位移控制下系统的闭环性能试验,实测结果表明电磁驱动AM D控制系统是一种响应迅速、线性性能良好的结构振动主动控制系统,基于试验结果与理论模型预测结果的比较,再次证实了系统力-电关系计算模型的正确性。     

分布式驱动电动汽车构型综述

分布式驱动电动汽车主要结构特征是将驱动电机直接安装在驱动轮内或者驱动轮附近,具有驱动传动链短、传动效率高、结构紧凑等突出优点。电动机即是汽车信息单元,同样也是快速反应的控制执行单元,通过独立控制电动机驱/制动转矩容易实现多种动力学控制功能。本文引入了一种分布式驱动汽车的分类方法,系统介绍分布式驱动系统的架构、性能指标     

基于力失衡的二维主动磁悬浮驱动方法分析与测试

提出一种基于力失衡的磁悬浮驱动系统,并对外磁场主动驱动设计一种神经网络PID(Proportion Integration Differentiation)控制方法,可以有效应对非线性、模型参数不明确的复杂驱动系统。实验结果表明,该控制算法解决了基于模型控制方法中被控对象与稳态工作点之间偏差增大、跟踪性能迅速恶化等问题,实现了磁性小球在二维空间中的稳定悬浮与高精度可控运动。可应用于工业领域细长管道内壁非破坏式质量检测、管道内部清淤和医疗领域血管、肠腔内的检查和手术。     

结合运动仿真与阀信号检测的ESC HIL测试研究

为内置集成车辆姿态传感器的ESC能够进行完整的功能和故障安全策略测试,提出在硬件在环(HIL)仿真测试技术中融合运动仿真及电磁阀信号检测方法。三维运动转台通过模拟车辆三轴运动实现对车辆姿态传感器的运动激励;液压控制电磁阀信号检测单元通过霍尔传感器直接对线圈磁场强度进行感应,再通过参数标定实现对阀控制电流的准确采集,继而驱动液压调节器模型;基于悬架KC及轮胎动态试验等数据对整车系统模型进行参数化与调校,使之与实车特性具有较高的一致性;对功能测试内容及各类故障模式进行分析。构建的ESC HIL仿真测试系统平台能够为集成式ESC提供完整的虚拟整车运行环境,开发的测试评价规范可以作为对ESC控制进行评价的有效依据。     

新型便携式汽车动态参数检测系统

介绍基于三星ARM9处理器S3C2410和ATMEL公司的AT89C5131单片机的汽车动态参数检测系统,该系统能够完成汽车在运动状态下的各种运动参数的检测。充分利用了S3C2410处理器提供的丰富的功能接口和强大的处理数据的能力以及AT89C5131单片机提供的USB功能接口。使运动参数传感器模块经模数转换器AD7656与单片机AT89C5131相连,然后通过USB接口连接到S3C2410处理器平台,共同构成即插即用型的便携式检测系统,从而给出了一个完整的汽车动态参数检测系统的实现方案。     

一种新的大行程垂直纳米运动工作台设计与控制研究

在大行程高精度垂直运动中,工作台的设计及稳定控制是关键因素。因此设计一种新型的具有平衡机构的工作台,以实现垂直方向上大行程纳米稳定运动。所研究工作台采用N331压电直线电机独立驱动,通过空气静态导轨悬浮,设计Z轴平衡系统降低垂直向电机驱动负载。利用步进控制方式完成大行程驱动,模拟方式实现微位移精密驱动控制。所提出的驱动与控制策略,可实现100 mm垂直方向上高精度快速精密驱动。另Z向也可实现纳米步进模式与模拟模式的复合控制。在全行程100 mm的范围内定位波动可限制在±9 nm内。通过验证实验,本运动工作台可适用于微纳米三坐标测量机、微光刻和微加工应用的驱动与控制任务。     

基于嵌入式技术的太阳能自动跟踪系统

采用主控制器ARM11作为系统的控制与分析以及状态监视的核心,系统主要完成太阳位置计算、电机驱动、位置检测、显示、监控等功能。主控制器ARM11根据天文模型中时间和日期以及观测点经度、纬度计算出太阳的位置,并与编码器检测的跟踪轴位置相比较,根据两者的差值输出控制信号,驱动电机向程序计算的位置运动。它可实时测量并追踪太阳方位,保持入射阳光与太阳能电池板相对垂直,从而有效提高太阳能发电效率。     

大功率白光发光二极管光源的制作(英文)

采用GaN基蓝色发光芯片为激发源,结合黄色硅酸盐系列荧光粉封装成大功率白光发光二极管(W-LEDs).利用24颗大功率5W白光发光二极管制作了两种不同连接方式的W-LEDs路灯:2并12串,和4并6串.设计了相应的驱动电路,对这两种不同连接方式的大功率W-LEDs路灯的光电特性及其在照明光源中的应用条件作了深入地研究和对比,测试了它们的伏安特性,发光效率以及功效,结果表明2并12串连接方式的W-LEDs路灯具有更加稳定的伏安特性,更高的照度以及更高的功效.与高压钠灯和荧光灯的特性相比较,W-LEDs路灯作为绿色环保光源灯,具有更高的显色指数,更加环保,节能.     

用于光纤光栅解调仪表的SGDBR光源研究

取样光栅分布布拉格反射型(Sampled Grating Distributed Bragg Reflector,SGDBR)光源是一种电流驱动的波长可调谐激光光源。本文介绍了该光源的原理特性,通过搭建自动标定系统确立该光源驱动电流组合和输出光波长的对应关系,再将此对应关系用于电路设计中,并对该光源输出的光谱参数进行了实验验证,得到一种可用于光纤光栅解调仪表中的低成本波长扫描光源。     

Development of a new transfer standard for high UV irradiances

Source-based radiometry requires reliable transfer standards which are easy to handle. For low irradiances in the UV spectral range, 30 W deuterium lamps are commonly used. However, for the growing field of high UV irradiance applications, new high power standards are required. Here we report on a Xe-Hg lamp system which has been characterised and improved to match the high requirements of a working standard. For this purpose, several parameters of the system such as lamp stability, re-ignition reproducibility, irradiance uniformity and usability have been investigated. Components for the customised light guide-based output optics have been selected with the help of extensive characterisations. The resulting lamp system can be used for a high-grade instrument calibration at high UV irradiance levels.     

Illumination source identification using a CMOS optical microsystem

An integrated silicon color sensor system has been designed and fabricated in CMOS without extra masks for color filtering. The application is in low-cost measurement of ambient light conditions, e.g., for display control in portable instruments, or for testing the intensity and spectral distribution of light sources. Signals proportional to the intensity and the spectral distribution of the incident light are available at the output in the form of two bit-streams. It is demonstrated that daylight can be distinguished from other light sources, such as incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps.     

Dynamic Photoelasticity Using LED and Polaroid Film

Dynamic photoelasticity relies on high-speed photographic systems to record the fringes in motion. Several systems are being used, but the delayed microflash is widely popular in non-destructive studies due to the high-contrast recording and low cost. Flash lamps and lasers are routinely employed as the light source in these setups. The use of LED as a microflash in such systems is presented. Capability of the system is demonstrated by recording fringe patterns from a photoelastic model under dynamic loading. A high-speed Polaroid film is used for recording the dynamic fringe patterns. Low cost, low power, and simplicity in the experimental setup make it possible to adapt the system to undergraduate laboratories.     

The Design of Incandescent Lamps for Kine and Slide Projection

In spite of certain limitations the incandescent lamp has held its place as the most popular light source for kine and slide projection. Development of improved lamp types has been continuous and is now more active than ever before. The external demand for more light on the screen has created a trend towards extra low voltage lamps together with a tendency to build the condenser system into the lamp. A practical understanding of the “tungsten halogen” cycle has provided lamps which have a higher efficiency, higher colour temperature and complete absence of light loss through life; these are steadily superseding conventional lamp types. By careful matching of lamp design and projection optics the new techniques have given levels of illumination which are in some cases only limited by the danger of overheating the film in the gate. This obstacle can be surmounted by embodying within the lamp system a dichroic mirror reflecting only the visible component of the radiated energy through the film. The recent emergence of a new 8mm film format has provided an opportunity for a re-thinking of lamp design in which each of these new technologies can play an important part     

Light-emitting-diode-based light source for calibration of an intensified charge-coupled device detection system intended for galvanoluminescence measurements

A spectrally tunable light source utilizing three light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for calibration of a highly sensitive intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) optical detection system intended for time-resolved galvanoluminescence (GL) measurements is described. The source has been conceived as a low-cost substitute for standard tungsten lamps usually used for relative and absolute calibration of optical detection systems. Three LEDs with different spectral characteristics in conjunction with a system of two integrating spheres as light mixers and light reducers are used. This construction provides control over the source spectrum by changing individual LED contributions. The use of integration spheres eliminated angular distribution of light intensities of LEDs as well as angular dependence of their spectral contributions. Moreover, by using the source we have avoided the problem of stray and diffuse light of higher wavelengths, as well as different light intensities for different wavelengths (up to three orders of magnitude in the range from 400 nm to 750 nm), which we have with standard tungsten lamps. A complete calibration procedure for the LED source and ICCD detection system is described. Finally, for the first time, we have performed time-resolved spectral GL measurements during aluminum anodization in porous film-forming electrolyte phosphoric acid in a transient regime. Two peaks at 425 nm and 595 nm are recognized, confirming the same mechanism of GL in both transient and steady-state regimes of anodization.     

Single photon ionization (SPI) via incoherent VUV-excimer light: robust and compact time-of-flight mass spectrometer for on-line,real-time process gas analysis

Fast on-line detection of organic compounds from complex mixtures, such as industrial process gas streams, require selective and sensitive analytical methods. One feasible approach for this purpose is the use of mass spectrometry (MS) with a selective and soft (fragment-free) ionization technique, such as chemical ionization (CI) or photo ionization (PI). Single photon ionization (SPI) with vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light is a particularly sof tionization technique, well-suited for detection of both aromatic and aliphatic species. Problematic, however, is the generation of the VUV light. In general, the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light sources for SPI-MS are based either on lasers (e.g., 118-nm radiation generated by frequency-tripling of the third harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser) or on conventional VUV lamps, such as deuterium lamps. Althoughthe laser-based techniques are very sophisticated and expensive, the conventional lamps have serious drawbacks regarding their optical parameters, such as low-output power, low spectral power density, and broad emission bands. In this work, a novel excimer VUV light source, in which an electron beam is used to form rare gas excimer species, is used. The excimer VUV light sourceproduces brilliant and intense VUV light. The novel VUV light source was coupled to a compact and mobile time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS). A special interface design, including optical (VUV optics) as well as electronic measures (e.g., pulsed ion extraction) was realized. The use of the excimer VUV lamp for SPI will allow the realization of very compact, rugged, and sensitive SPI-TOFMS devices, which preferably will be adapted for process analytical application or monitoring issues (e.g., chemical warfare detection). The excimer VUV-lamp technology delivers VUV light with a good beam quality and high-output power at low costs. Furthermore, it allows changing the emitted wavelength as well as the bandwidth of the excimer VUV lamp in t he 100-200-nm region by changing the gas filling. Consequently, SPI-TOFMS with an excimer light source is a fast detection technique that can be used for online monitoring, for example, in environmental studies or industrial manufacturing processes. In this paper, technology and characteristics of the new excimer light source, as well as the combination with the TOFMS, are presented. Furthermore, a first characterization of the SPI-TOFMS instrument, regarding analytical parameters such as detection limits and selectivity, is given. This includes a discussion of potential improvements that probably will be achievable within a future prototype genertation. Finally, first applications of the system for on-line measurement of organic trace species in a complex gas mixture (here, motorcycle exhaust gas) are presented.     

汞离子微波频标光学设计

汞离子微波频标利用汞灯进行抽运,可实现小型化,同时具备体积小、指标高的优势,未来可在卫星导航、深空探测和守时中得到广泛应用。为了提高抽运效率及降低噪底,需要进行汞灯光学设计,使抽运光通过四极阱中心与囚禁离子充分作用的同时减少与真空腔及四极杆的反射。首先提出遮挡光源法和非等比例放大法两种光学设计方法。然后介绍了两种设计方法的具体设计过程和设计结果,并比较了两种光学设计方法汞灯的能量利用率。最后利用非等比例放大法进行光路优化设计,并完成了物理系统信号探测实验。实验结果表明：采用该光学设计方案,汞离子光微波双共振跃迁信号幅度提高了20%以上。     

基于Android的智能可调光LED灯节能控制

针对家庭LED灯能源耗电问题,提出了一种智能调光节能控制方法。该方法以安卓操作系统为平台,智能手机作为客户端,利用LM3409HV降压自适应反馈控制机制,通过Wi Fi网络实现无线远程可调光节能LED灯的低功率照明。该系统采用太阳能绿色可再生能源为智能电网供电,结合室外光强,通过光敏传感器和脉宽调制(PWM)技术调节LED灯亮度。在通用输入电压下,可实现高效率、高功率因数调光。与传统的机械式开关LED照明电灯相比,智能调光系统设计的软硬件更为灵活和方便、成本更低、功耗更小,界面和功能都具有良好的通用性、准确性,具有广泛的应用前景。