面向对象程序复杂性度量层次模型

程序复杂性度量可以实现定量地分析程序复杂性，从而为估计成本提供一个标准。为了度量面向对象程序复杂性，在讨论了度量的定义．度量的理论基础后，提出了一种面向对象程序复杂性度量的层次模型。该模型分成5个层次：系统层、类簇层、类继承树层、类层和方法层，每个层次都有自己的度量方法。采用这种分层度量模型的好处是：它是一个框架，各度量方法归属到各层中；各层之间相互独立；一层中方法的修改并不影响其它层。     

面向对象度量的研究

度量技术是保证软件质量的重要手段,它定量地反映了软件某一方面的特征。随着面向对象技术的发展,传统的结构化度量不再适合面向对象的软件,因此出现了不少针对面向对象程序的度量,这些度量在一定程度上反映了面向对象软件的若干方面的特征。文章详细分析了面向对象软件的主要特征,在此基础上介绍了现在常见的几组面向对象度量和它们的应用价值,并且分析了它们的不足之处。最后,提出了几个构造面向对象度量应该遵循的准则。     

一种基于UML的类复杂性度量方法

一、简介自从面向对象的分析与设计方法问世以来,由于其拥有众多的优点,已经得到了广泛的应用。面向对象的分析与设计方法与传统的软件开发方法有许多不同之处,在软件开发过程、分析与设计技术、度量以及测试和维护方面都存在很大的差异。软件产品的度量一直是软件工程研究人员研究的一个热点问题。对软件产品进行度量可以让我们对项目开发的进度,开发成本等方面有一个定量的认识。软件产品复杂性的度量是软件度量的一个重要方面,它直接关系到软件开发费用的多少,开发周期的长短和软件内部潜伏错误的多少,同时它还间接度量了软件产品的可理解性。此外复杂性度量可以为我们的测试和维护工作的安排提供一个依据。例如,对于复杂性较高的模块我们应该投入更大的精力去测试和维护,对于     

面向对象方法的功能点度量

功能点分析（FPA）本身只能度量系统静态的方面,不能考虑到对象的交互性和对象的行为。基于FPA,结合面向对象系统的特点,提出了一种面向对象方法的功能点,完成了从FPA方法到面向对象方法概念上的映射和度量规则上的映射,并给出了该方法具体的度量过程,为Web应用的度量奠定了坚实的理论基础。     

面向对象系统的耦合性度量技术研究

度量技术是保证软件质量的重要方法,而耦合性是面向对象系统中一个复杂的软件属性。该文首先分析了面向对象系统的相关概念,然后概述了目前的耦合性定性度量框架,最后提出了一种综合耦合性的度量方法。     

面向对象方法的COSMIC-FFP功能规模度量

现有的4种符合ISO标准的FSM方法均不能考虑到对象的交互性和对象的行为,无法正确地度量面向对象系统的功能规模。在分析面向对象方法的软件开发过程的基础上,结合面向对象系统的特点,基于COSMIC-FFP,提出了一种面向对象方法的全功能点度量方法,给出了该方法的映射规则和度量规则,并结合实例分析了其应用过程,为正确度量面向对象系统的功能规模提供了一条有效的途径。     

面向对象软件度量技术研究

度量技术是保证软件质量的重要方法。随着面向对象技术的发展,传统的软件度量技术已不再适用于面向对象软件。首先分析了面向对象软件的主要特征,然后讨论了目前流行的两种面向对象软件度量方法,最后指出其不足和进一步的工作。     

一个实用面向对象软件度量工具的设计与实现

在分析了多种面向对象度量模型的基础上 ,设计并实现了一种实用的面向对象软件度量工具 .该工具从结构上保证了面向对象度量和面向结构度量的结合 ,与直接度量和间接度量的结合 .详细介绍了对象特征的分析 ,以及特征集和度量指标的存储设计 .最后举例验证该设计的实用性 ,并指出需进一步改进的方面 .     

面向对象软件度量方法

度量技术是保证软件质量的重要方法。随着面向对象技术的发展，传统的软件度量技术不再适用于面向对象软件。文中分析了软件度量理论，讨论了目前流行的两种面向对象软件度量方法，指出其不足和进一步的工作。     

基于场景的软件体系结构分析

文章介绍了一种基于场景的、面向对象的软件体系结构分析方法（ＳＡＡＭ）。首次提出了用基于场景的软件体系结构分析方法来分析面向对象软件系统的体系结构质量属性,如软件结构的耦合度、内聚性和结构复杂性,从而解决了传统软件体系结构质量属性由于过于抽象而无法定量地度量的问题。文中还具体介绍了将该方法成功地应用到一个测试软件ＳａｆｅｐｒｏＣ的体系结构度量上。实践证明,此方法不仅能够有效地度量软件体系结构的静态质量属性,而且还能较好地度量软件体系结构的动态质量特性。     

Measuring behavioral dependency for improving change-proneness prediction in UML-based design models

Several studies have explored the relationship between the metrics of the object-oriented software and the change-proneness of the classes. This knowledge can be used to help decision-making among design alternatives or assess software quality such as maintainability. Despite the increasing use of complex inheritance relationships and polymorphism in object-oriented software, there has been less emphasis on developing metrics that capture the aspect of dynamic behavior. Considering dynamic behavior metrics in conjunction with existing metrics may go a long way toward obtaining more accurate predictions of change-proneness. To address this need, we provide the behavioral dependency measure using structural and behavioral information taken from UML 2.0 design models. Model-based change-proneness prediction helps to make high-quality software by exploiting design models from the earlier phase of the software development process. The behavioral dependency measure has been evaluated on a multi-version medium size open-source project called JFlex. The results obtained show that the proposed measure is a useful indicator and can be complementary to existing object-oriented metrics for improving the accuracy of change-proneness prediction when the system contains high degree of inheritance relationships and polymorphism.     

An evaluation of the MOOD set of object-oriented software metrics

This paper describes the results of an investigation into a set of metrics for object-oriented design, called the MOOD metrics. The merits of each of the six MOOD metrics is discussed from a measurement theory viewpoint, taking into account the recognized object-oriented features which they were intended to measure: encapsulation, inheritance, coupling, and polymorphism. Empirical data, collected from three different application domains, is then analyzed using the MOOD metrics, to support this theoretical validation. Results show that (with appropriate changes to remove existing problematic discontinuities) the metrics could be used to provide an overall assessment of a software system, which may be helpful to managers of software development projects. However, further empirical studies are needed before these results can be generalized     

A Model-Based Approach to Object-Oriented Software Metrics

The need to improve software productivity and software quality has put forward the research on software metrics technology and the development of software metrics tool to support related activities.To support object-oriented software metrics practice efectively,a model-absed approach to object-oriented software metrics is proposed in this paper.This approach guides the metrics users to adopt the quality metrics model to measure the object-oriented software products .The development of the model can be achieved by using a top-down approach.This approach explicitly proposes the conception of absolute normalization computation and relative normalization computation for a metrics model.Moreover,a generic software metrics tool-Jade Bird Object-Oriented Metrics Tool(JBOOMT)is designed to implement this approach.The parser-based approach adopted by the tool makes the information of the source program accurate and complete for measurement.It supports various customizable hierarchical metrics models and provides a flexible user interface for users to manipulate the models.It also supports absolute and relative normalization mechanisms in different situations.     

Automated measurement of models of requirements

On way to formalize system requirements is to express them using the object-oriented paradigm. In this case, the class model representing the structure of requirements is called a requirements metamodel, and requirements themselves are object-based models of natural language requirements. In this paper, we show that such object-oriented requirements are well suited to support a large class of requirements metrics. We define a requirements metamodel and use an automated measurement approach proposed in our previous work to specify requirements metrics. We show that it is possible to integrate 78 metrics from 11 different papers in the proposed framework. The software that computes the requirements metric values is fully generated from the specification of metrics.     

一种优化的面向对象软件复杂性度量方法

首先结合面向对象技术特性,对面向对象软件类级别的CK度量方法和系统级别的MOOD度量方法进行了分析,并就CK度量提出了优化的度量方法OCK。然后结合OCK度量和MOOD度量的优点提出了较优化的面向对象软件复杂性度量方法OSCM。OSCM度量可以有效地弥补CK度量和MOOD度量的不足,优化度量结果。     

An empirical analysis of package-modularization metrics: Implications for software fault-proneness

ContextIn a large object-oriented software system, packages play the role of modules which group related classes together to provide well-identified services to the rest of the system. In this context, it is widely believed that modularization has a large influence on the quality of packages. Recently, Sarkar, Kak, and Rama proposed a set of new metrics to characterize the modularization quality of packages from important perspectives such as inter-module call traffic, state access violations, fragile base-class design, programming to interface, and plugin pollution. These package-modularization metrics are quite different from traditional package-level metrics, which measure software quality mainly from size, extensibility, responsibility, independence, abstractness, and instability perspectives. As such, it is expected that these package-modularization metrics should be useful predictors for fault-proneness. However, little is currently known on their actual usefulness for fault-proneness prediction, especially compared with traditional package-level metrics.ObjectiveIn this paper, we examine the role of these new package-modularization metrics for determining software fault-proneness in object-oriented systems.MethodWe first use principal component analysis to analyze whether these new package-modularization metrics capture additional information compared with traditional package-level metrics. Second, we employ univariate prediction models to investigate how these new package-modularization metrics are related to fault-proneness. Finally, we build multivariate prediction models to examine the ability of these new package-modularization metrics for predicting fault-prone packages.ResultsOur results, based on six open-source object-oriented software systems, show that: (1) these new package-modularization metrics provide new and complementary views of software complexity compared with traditional package-level metrics; (2) most of these new package-modularization metrics have a significant association with fault-proneness in an expected direction; and (3) these new package-modularization metrics can substantially improve the effectiveness of fault-proneness prediction when used with traditional package-level metrics together.ConclusionsThe package-modularization metrics proposed by Sarkar, Kak, and Rama are useful for practitioners to develop quality software systems.     

基于源代码的面向对象软件可维护性度量模型

针对当前软件可维护性的度量难度大的突出问题,在详细阐述软件可维护性的概念和内涵的基础上,以ISO/IEC9126为指导,建立基于源代码的面向对象软件的可维护性度量模型。该模型主要包括可维护性的4个子特性模型和一个对子特性的综合模型,能够客观定量地计算出软件的可维护性水平。最后通过一个实例,验证该模型具有一定的科学性和合理性,在实际应用中有一定的指导意义。     

面向对象软件度量的研究

软件度量是提高和保证软件质量的关键。在给出的面向对象软件度量的结构模型基础上,讨论了实现该模型要解决的关键问题。通过度量结果的分析和评价,能够有效地对面向对象软件的测试和提高软件质量提供科学的依据。     

面向对象软件度量的分析和研究

软件度量学是软件工程的一个新分支,通过度量反馈的信息来控制开发过程,以提高软件质量。传统的面向过程的软件将数据和操作分离,强调以算法为核心。近年来发展起来的面向对象软件的主要特性包括抽象性、封装性、继承性和多态性,将数据和操作封装,强调以对象为核心。因此面向对象软件度量方法也随之发展起来,著名的是C&K度量方法。还介绍了面向对象的软件可重用性的度量方法。并对面向对象软件的下一步研究阐述了看法。     

一种基于过程改进的度量模型

如何提高软件质量始终是软件工程领域研究的重要方向,基于度量的量化管理是目前最有效的质量保证手段之一,过程度量是软件开发过程中实施软件质量保证(SQA)的一个重要课题。研究了软件过程度量的概念和范围,讨论了几种常用的度量和度量指标。最后提出了一种软件过程度量模型及其度量元。