乳清浓缩蛋白可食用膜成膜工艺的研究

研究了乳清浓缩蛋白可食用膜的成膜工艺,分析了蛋白质浓度、甘油浓度和加热温度对可食用膜透水性和透氧性的影响,并确定了可食用膜阻隔性能的优化工艺参数。研究结果表明,可食用膜的阻水性随蛋白质浓度和甘油浓度的增大而下降,阻氧性随甘油浓度增大而下降。加热温度为70℃时,膜的阻水性和阻氧性达到最佳。响应面分析表明,当蛋白质浓度为100 g/L,甘油浓度为27 g/L,加热温度为69℃时,乳清浓缩蛋白可食用膜的综合通透性能为最佳,其透湿系数为0.004 35 g·mm/(m~2·h·kPa),透氧系数为0.134 cm~3·mm/(m~2·min·kPa)。     

可食性肉桂精油复合膜的制备及其缓释性能

为了拓展肉桂精油(cinnamon essential oil,CEO)的应用途径,将CEO作为活性物质加入到氧化羟丙基木薯淀粉中,制备出复合膜.以力学性能、阻隔性能作为测试指标,通过单因素和正交试验优化CEO膜制备工艺,并测定其在不同食品模拟物中的释放速率.结果表明,淀粉质量分数为5.0％(m/v,以蒸馏水体积为基准...     

绿豆皮纳米纤维素对浓缩乳清蛋白可食膜性能的影响

以绿豆皮纤维素为原料,采用硫酸水解法制备绿豆皮纳米纤维素并将其应用到浓缩乳清蛋白可食膜中,研究了绿豆皮纳米纤维素的微观形貌、结晶结构以及绿豆皮纳米纤维素添加量对浓缩乳清蛋白膜抗拉强度、断裂伸长率、氧气透过率、水蒸气透过系数、透光率及微观结构的影响。结果表明:绿豆皮纳米纤维素为棒状结构,长度约为100~200 nm,直径约为10~20 nm,且保持典型的纤维素Ⅰ型结构,结晶度较高;绿豆皮纳米纤维素与浓缩乳清蛋白有很好的相容性;当绿豆皮纳米纤维素添加量为1%时,膜的水蒸气透过系数达到最小值,为2.67×10-13 g/(cm·s·Pa);膜的透光率达到最大值,为39.31%;此时膜表面较为平整均匀。当绿豆皮纳米纤维素添加量为2%时,膜的抗拉强度最大为1.41 MPa,此时断裂伸长率为139.8%;膜的氧气透过率达到最小值,为1.8×10-5cm3/(m2·d·Pa)。绿豆皮纳米纤维素的添加能够有效的提高浓缩乳清蛋白膜的性能。     

含微米颗粒的乳清蛋白复合膜物理性质的研究

乳清蛋白具有一定的营养价值和良好的凝聚造粒及成膜性能。使用喷雾干燥技术制备乳清蛋白微米颗粒,并将上述颗粒以1.0%、1.7%、2.5% 及3.3% 的质量分数添加到乳清蛋白成膜液中,制备含微粒的乳清蛋白复合膜。利用质构仪、扫描电镜(SEM)及差示热量扫描仪(DSC)测定颗粒对乳清蛋白膜性能的影响。结果表明,在上述实验浓度范围内,加入的颗粒对乳清蛋白膜的机械性能、水蒸气透过率、透明度及透光率值、膜的玻璃化温度及熔点均未产生显著影响,乳清蛋白基础膜的性能得到很好的保持。     

Preparation and Characterization of Nanocomposites from Whey Protein Concentrate Activated with Lycopene

The production and characterization of nanocomposites based on whey protein concentrate (WPC) and montmorilonite (MMT) incorporated with lycopene as a functional substance is presented and discussed as an alternative biomaterial for potential uses in foodstuff applications. A full factorial design with varying levels of MMT (0% and 2% in w/w) and lycopene (0%, 6%, and 12% in w/w) was used. Color, light transmission, film transparency, moisture, density, solubility, water vapor permeability, and antioxidant activity of the resulting materials were evaluated. Results indicated that lycopene and MMT nanoparticles were successfully included in WPC films using the casting/evaporation method. Inclusion of 2% w/w of MMT in the polymeric matrix significantly improved barrier property against water vapor. Lycopene, besides its good red coloring ability, provided to the films antioxidant activity and UV‐vis light protection. These findings open a new perspective for the use of materials for bioactive packaging applications.     

Whey Protein Edible Film Structures Determined by Atomic Force Microscope

Atomic force microscopy was used to study edible films produced from whey proteins. The films were imaged under ambient conditions with no special sample preparation. Low resolution imaging of areas from 10 μm to 150 μm on a side was performed in the contact mode. Higher resolution scans of 350 nm to 2,700 nm required use of the noncontact imaging mode. Features about the same size as the primary protein in whey, beta-lactoglobulin (7 nm), were identified in the film samples. Molecular aggregates in the range of 1 μm, reported in other studies using transmission electron microscopy of whey protein gels, were combined in results from atomic force microscopy.     

乳清浓缩蛋白与卵清蛋白复合膜的制备及其性能

本文以乳清蛋白（Whey protein concentrate,WPC）和卵清蛋白（Egg white protein,EWP）为成膜基质,添加5 U/g_蛋白转谷氨酰胺酶（Transglutaminase,TG）制备WPC/EWP复合膜,分别研究WPC和EWP质量比、膜液pH、甘油添加量对WPC/EWP复合膜结构及性能的影响。结果表明,当WPC/EWP质量比为1:3,成膜液pH为8,甘油添加量为35%时,电镜结果表明形成的复合膜结构致密无孔隙,红外结果显示WPC和EWP有较好的相容性。WPC/EWP复合膜的水蒸气透过率为2.08×10?10 g·s?1m?1Pa?1,透光率为73.90%,抗拉强度为1.60 MPa,断裂伸长率为151.96%。WPC、EWP和甘油在膜液pH为8时具有良好的融合性,能显著（P<0.05）提高WPC/EWP复合膜的机械性能。     

不同精油单体的大豆分离蛋白可食膜对冷鲜猪肉的保鲜效果研究

大豆蛋白可食膜作为一种新型包装材料,具有绿色环保,生物降解,无毒无害,可提高食品的保质期及食品质量等优点,还具有丰富的营养价值。在大豆分离蛋白膜最佳制备工艺的基础上,添加6%肉桂醛、6%丁香酚和6%肉桂醛-丁香酚复配物(质量比1:1)制成的可食膜,研究其对冷鲜猪肉的保鲜效果。结果:使用添加精油单体的大豆分离蛋白可食膜,能有效降低肉在冷藏过程中的失水率,挥发性盐基氮含量以及菌落总数和大肠菌群数,对肉的pH值影响不大,说明添加6%的精油单体的大豆分离蛋白可食膜,可明显提高冷鲜猪肉的保鲜效果。     

Acceptance of Cream Liqueurs Made with Whey Protein Concentrate

Cream-based liqueurs prepared with whey protein concentrate showed stability and were more preferred than a commercial cream-based liqueur. Variations in product preparation included level of ingredient used as well as order of ingredient addition. Product made with washed cream and ethanol added before homogenization was stable for 90 d at 40° C. Comparison of the most stable experimental product to a commercial liqueur by sensory evaluation showed no significant differences in sweetness, texture, smoothness, and overall preference. The commercial product showed more off-flavors and a heavier body than the most stable experimental samples.     

Microencapsulating Properties of Whey Protein Concentrate 75

ABSTRACT Emulsions containing various levels of soya oil dispersed in solutions of whey protein concentrate (WPC) 75 (5% w/v) were spray-dried to yield powders with oil contents ranging from 20% to 75% (w/w). The effect of homogenizing pressure and oil/protein ratio on oil globule size distributions and protein load of the emulsions and the microencapsulation efficiency (ME) and redispersion behavior of the powders were examined. Emulsion oil droplet size decreased with increasing homogenization pressure but was not affected by oil/protein ratio. Emulsion protein load and ME of the powders were negatively correlated with increasing oil/protein ratio. Powders with an oil/protein ratio < 0.75 were least susceptible to destabilization during spray-drying.     

Physicochemical Property and Oxidative Stability of Whey Protein Concentrate Multiple Nanoemulsion Containing Fish Oil

The objectives of this research were to produce whey protein concentrate (WPC) multiple nanoemulsion (MNE) and to study how whey protein concentration level and antioxidant type affected the physicochemical properties and oxidative stability of fish oil in MNE. The morphological and physicochemical characteristics of MNE were investigated by using transmission electron microscopy and particle size analyzer, respectively. The oxidative stability of fish oil in MNEs was assessed by measuring peroxide value (PV), p‐anisidine value, and volatile compounds. The spherical forms of emulsions with size ranging from 190 to 210 nm were observed indicating the successful production of MNE. Compared with free fish oil, fish oil in MNE exhibited lower PV, p‐anisidine value, and formation of maker of oxidation of fish oil indicating the oxidative stability of fish oil in MNE was enhanced. PV, p‐anisidine value, and makers of oxidation of fish oil were decreased with increased WPC concentration level. The combined use of Vitamin C and E in MNE resulted in a reduction in PV and p‐anisidine value, and development of maker of oxidation. In conclusion, WPC concentration level and antioxidant type are key factors affecting the droplet size of MNE and oxidative stability of fish oil.     

Composition and Properties of Spherosil-QMA Whey Protein Concentrate

The Spherosil-QMA ion exchange process was used to prepare whey protein concentrate (WPC) from cheese whey. The process recovered about 64% of the proteins from whey as a 63% protein WPC. The WPC contained about 20.8% lactose, glucose, and galactose. The WPC proteins ranged in solubility from about 32–42% as a function of pH 3–7 and appeared to have undergone substantial denaturation by HPLC but not by palyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The gelation properties of WPC were compared with those of commercial and ultrafiltration WPCs as a function of pH 3–7.5 and 0.0–0.15M NaCl and CaCl₂. The WPC did not function well as egg replacer in model cake and custard formulations.     

乳清浓缩蛋白对面条黏性的影响

在小麦粉中添加不同比例的乳清浓缩蛋白(Whey protein concentrate,WPC),并分析其对面条品质及黏性的影响,以达到增加营养价值及改善面条品质的作用。实验结果表明:WPC的添加可以明显改善面条的黏结现象,并降低其表面黏性,但较高的添加量则会降低小麦粉的面筋质量和湿面筋含量,并使干物质损失率和干物质吸水率升高;微观结构和TOM值的结果表明,WPC的添加使面条蛋白网络孔隙变大,减少了面条表面滞留或附着的淀粉,这可能是WPC改善面条黏结现象的原因。     

Evaluation of Nine Semi-pilot Scale Whey Pretreatment Modifications for Producing Whey Protein Concentrate

Cheese whey was chemically pretreated and subjected to one of nine semi-pilot scale, physical pretreatment modifications involving various combinations of centrifugal clarification (CC) and/or microfiltration (MF) to remove residual lipids and phospholipoprotein complexes. Two pretreatment modifications were most effective for producing whey with least turbidity and lowest lipid and phospholipid contents. Whey given these two pretreatments provided highest ultrfiltration (UF) membrane flux rate and upon drying of the UF retentate resulted in the most highly functional WPCs in terms of solubility, foam expansion, emulsifying activity and gelation.     

乳清蛋白-茁霉多糖-阿魏酸复合可食性膜的研制

以乳清浓缩蛋白、茁霉多糖、阿魏酸为成膜材料,制备乳清浓缩蛋白-茁霉多糖-阿魏酸复合膜。分别对复合膜的厚度、刺穿强度、拉伸强度、水蒸气透过系数、含水量和溶解性等性能进行测试,研究成膜材料添加量和成膜条件与复合膜性能的关系。结果表明:乳清浓缩蛋白中添加茁霉多糖和阿魏酸作为增强剂,可明显提高膜的性能。最优工艺条件为成膜温度80℃,pH9.0,阿魏酸添加量200 mg/100 mL,茁霉多糖添加量150 mg/100 mL。     

大蒜/肉桂精油复配PE膜对双孢菇的保鲜研究

将大蒜精油与肉桂精油以1∶2的比例复配,分别吸取5、10、15、20μL复配精油添加到双孢菇PE膜包装袋中,根据双孢菇保鲜评价指标评价组合包装对双孢菇的保鲜效果。试验结果表明:与单独PE膜包装相比,10μL大蒜/肉桂精油复配PE膜可有效保持双孢菇的感官、Vc含量和总酚含量,降低褐变度,对还原糖含量和失重率影响不大;可将双孢菇的保鲜期延长2d。     

Effect of Whey Pretreatment on Composition and Functional Properties of Whey Protein Concentrate

The effect of pretreatment upon the composition and physicochemical and functional properties of whey, ultrafiltration (UF) retentate and freeze-dried and spray-dried whey protein concentrates (WPC) was investigated. Pretreatment was by cooling cheese whey to 0-5°C, adding calcium chloride, adjusting to pH 7.3, warming to 50°C, and removing the insoluble precipitate that formed by centrifugation or decantation. UF permeation flux rate of pretreated whey was about double that for control whey. Pretreated whey was essentially turbidity free, contained 85% less milkfat, 37% more calcium and 40% less phosphorus than whey. Pretreated whey WPC proteins were slightly more soluble at pH 3, but less functional for emulsification than whey WPC proteins. Neither whey WPC proteins nor pretreated whey WPC proteins was functional for foaming at 6% protein concentration.     

Formaldehyde Treated Whey Protein Concentrate for Lactating Dairy Cattle

Four lactating Holstein cows were fed isonitrogenous rations of urea-corn silage and a 15% crude protein pelleted grain ration containing whey protein concentrate (34% protein) either untreated or treated with 1% formaldehyde on a protein basis. The trial design was three periods double reversal with 12 days per period during which milk and digestibility were measured the last 4 days of each period. Apparent nitrogen digestibility (%), productive nitrogen retained (milk plus retained, g/day), and dry matter digestibility were 60.0 and 53.9, 89.0 and 103.8, and 67.4 and 63.2 for cows fed untreated and treated rations. Productive nitrogen as a percent of absorbed was greater for cows fed the formaldehyde treated ration, suggesting more efficient utilization of absorbed nitrogen. Milk production, milk fat percent and yield, and 4% fat-corrected milk were greater for cows fed the treated ration. Milk fatty acid content was similar. Total daily milk nitrogen, true protein nitrogen, and casein nitrogen yields were not significantly higher for the treated ration. No differences in serum urea and rumen ammonia were major. Rumen volatile fatty acids were higher in cows fed the untreated rations at 4 and 6 h postfeeding. Differences in serum concentrations of most individual essential amino acids between tail and mammary blood were greater for cows fed the treated ration.     

Spherosil-S Ion Exchange Process for Preparing Whey Protein Concentrate

Ion exchange whey protein concentrate (IEWPC) was produced from acid whey using Spherosil-S, a microporous silica bead cation exchange medium. About 80% of the total whey proteins were recovered by the ion exchange process. The composition of IEWPC was 63 - 66% protein, 1 - 2% lactose, 7 - 9% milkfat and 20 - 22% ash. Solubility, PAGE, reverse phase HPLC and Sephadex gel frltration results confirmed that the proteins in IEWPC had undergone substantial denaturation during their isolation. Several major problems encountered during the study were: generation of large volumes of column effluent, the need for concentration of column protein elutate fractions by ultrafiltration, column fouling and loss of protein solubility and functionality.