Simultaneous Synthesis and Densification of Titanium Nitride/ Titanium Diboride Composites by High Nitrogen Pressure Combustion

Composites of TiN/TiB₂ were synthesized by a combustion process of BN, Ti in a nitrogen atmosphere. The effect of the BN/Ti ratio and the nitrogen gas pressure on the synthesis of these composites was investigated. Dense TiN/TiB₂ composites with relatively high hardness and toughness were fabricated by combustion synthesis from Ti and BN under a nitrogen pressure of 4.0 MPa. The Vickers microhardness of the products obtained from reactants with a BN/Ti mole ratio of 0.11 increased with an increase in nitrogen pressure and had a maximum value of ∼25 GPa. Fracture toughness, K _IC, of the products increased from 3.1 to 5.9 MPa·m^1/2 as the BN/Ti ratio increased from 0.11 to 0.20. However, products formed under nitrogen pressures higher than 6.0 MPa exhibited circumferential macrocracks due to thermal shock.     

氧化石墨烯/氟橡胶复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用机械共混法制备氧化石墨烯/氟橡胶复合材料,研究复合材料的硫化特性、耐绝缘介质苄基甲苯浸渍性能、阻尼性能和物理性能,并对其加工性能进行优化。结果表明：氧化石墨烯/氟橡胶复合材料的耐苄基甲苯浸渍性能优异;氧化石墨烯能够有效增大复合材料的拉伸强度;阻尼填料受阻酚HP1098能够增大复合材料的损耗因子,扩宽阻尼温域;惰性端基液体氟弹性体能够有效提高复合材料的加工性能。     

氧化石墨烯/聚氨酯复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用溶液共混浇注成膜法制备氧化石墨烯/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)复合材料,并对其结构和性能进行研究。结果表明:氧化石墨烯在TPU基体材料中分散较好;随着氧化石墨烯用量(0～5份)的增大,氧化石墨烯/TPU复合材料的拉伸强度增大,拉断伸长率未明显下降;当相同用量(均为1份)的氧化石墨烯、碳纳米管、石墨和炭黑分别填充TPU时,氧化石墨烯/TPU复合材料物理性能提高幅度最大,补强性能最好。     

GO/AT复合材料的制备及其吸附性能分析

采用溶液共混法制备氧化石墨烯(GO)/凹凸棒石(AT)复合材料,探讨GO含量对复合材料吸附性能的影响,并对复合材料的组成和微观结构进行了表征和分析。结果表明,当GO/AT的质量比为3/4时,复合材料对盐酸四环素的吸附效果最佳,吸附率达到93.06%。进一步探讨了吸附时间、盐酸四环素初始浓度和溶液pH条件对复合材料吸附性能的变化,分析了复合材料吸附盐酸四环素的过程;GO/AT复合材料对盐酸四环素的吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,其表观吸附活化能为37.19 kJ/mol,此吸附过程以静电吸附为主;对盐酸四环素的吸附行为符合Langmuir等温式,在研究的温度范围,吸附焓变(ΔHO)为7.77 kJ/mol,吸附自由能变(ΔGO)<0,吸附熵变(ΔSO)为57.62 J/(mol·K),表明该吸附是吸热、自发、熵增过程。     

MC尼龙/氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备和性能

采用改进Hummers方法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO),将GO与MC尼龙原位聚合制备MC尼龙/GO复合材料。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱以及热重分析方法对GO及MC尼龙/GO复合材料进行了表征分析。热分析结果表明,MC尼龙/GO复合材料的初始分解温度大于280℃,GO与MC尼龙分子量间存在一定程度的相互作用,使得高温下残余物质量增大。复合材料的力学性能研究表明,GO的加入可使弯曲性能大幅度增加,当质量分数达到1.0%时,弯曲强度最大达到119.4 MPa;但GO的少量加入可能大幅影响MC尼龙的结晶性质,随GO含量的增加,复合材料拉伸强度呈现出先下降后增加的趋势。     

Preparation and Characterization of Insensitive HMX/Graphene Oxide Composites

To improve the safety of HMX, a two‐dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) was introduced to HMX by the solvent nonsolvent method. The morphology, composition, thermal decomposition characteristic were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Compared to the previous reports, GO sheets exhibited better desensitizing effect than [60]Fullerene and CNTs. When 2.0 wt‐% GO sheets were added, the impact sensitivity of raw HMX decreased from 100 to 10 %, and the friction sensitivity reduced from 100 to 32 %. The DSC results proved that GO sheets were compatible with HMX. In addition, by determining the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters of the samples, it was found that the activation energy (E_a) of HMX with 2.0 wt‐% GO increased by 23.5 kJ mol⁻¹, suggesting that GO sheets could improve the thermal stability of HMX.     

改性氧化石墨烯/天然橡胶复合材料的制备及性能研究

通过水溶性2-巯基-1-甲基咪唑（MMI）有机改性（还原）氧化石墨烯（GO）制备MMI改性GO(MMI-GO),同时将抗坏血酸（VC）还原GO(rGO)作为对比试样,通过胶乳共混法制备GO/天然橡胶（NR）复合材料,研究GO用量对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明：MMI成功地改性了GO;随着GO用量的增大,GO/NR复合材料的硬度、撕裂强度和热导率增大;与rGO/NR复合材料相比,MMI-GO/NR复合材料的交联密度增大,GO在NR基体中的分散性良好,硬度和撕裂强度增大以及导热性能改善。     

Mechanistic Insights and Photodegradation of Heterostructure Graphene Oxide/Titanium Dioxide

Topics in Catalysis - In this study, the electrospinning method was used to prepare graphene oxide/titanium dioxide (GO/TiO2) nanofibers with different contents of GO as photocatalysts used to...     

氧化石墨烯与纳米氧化铁复合物的制备及性能研究

文章用Hummers法制备氧化石墨,以绿矾为原料、采用氯酸钠氧化制备纳米氧化铁,采用超声共混,搅拌,烘干制的复合物,通过FT-IR/TG/TEM等进行表征,结果表明,氧化石墨完全剥落,氧化铁在内分散很好,两者界面相容很好。复合材料吸附性好,有很好吸附砷的功能。     

石墨烯及氧化石墨烯增强PE–UHMW复合材料进展

从力学性能、化学稳定性和摩擦学性能3个方面,叙述了石墨烯及氧化石墨烯增强超高分子量聚乙烯(PE–UHMW)复合材料的研究现状。根据PE–UHMW复合材料所表现出来的优异性能可知,新型复合材料拥有优异的力学性能,在不远的将来将会取代目前广泛使用的交联聚乙烯材料,并将获得举足轻重的地位。     

CE／HBPSi／GO复合材料的制备与性能

采用硅烷偶联剂表面处理的氧化石墨烯(GO)与氰酸酯树脂(CE)／超支化聚硅氧烷(HBPSi)共混制备了CE／HBPSi／GO复合材料,研究了GO含量对复合材料力学性能、介电性能、热稳定性和吸水率的影响。结果表明,添加适量GO可以有效提高CE／HBPSi的韧性和强度,还可以改善其介电性能、热稳定性和耐湿性。当GO的质量分数为0.8%时,CE／HBPSi／GO复合材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度达到最大值,分别为15.1 kJ／m2和131.6 MPa,并且该体系的介电常数、介电损耗角正切和吸水率均低于CE／HBPSi体系,热稳定性优于CE／HBPSi体系。     

聚氨酯/氨基修饰石墨烯泡沫复合材料微孔结构及性能研究

通过酰胺化反应采用聚醚胺和三乙烯四胺对氧化石墨烯表面进行修饰,采用红外光谱及X射线光电子能谱分析表征了氨基修饰石墨烯的结构。将氨基修饰石墨烯引入到聚氨酯泡沫体系中,比较了2种氨基修饰石墨烯对聚氨酯泡沫形态结构、表观密度、压缩强度及热导率的影响。结果表明,聚醚胺修饰石墨烯和三乙烯四胺修饰石墨烯的加入,均导致聚氨酯泡沫复合材料的泡孔壁变得更加光滑,泡孔结构更加均匀,平均泡孔孔径也大幅减小,分别达到0.22 mm和0.23 mm;氨基修饰石墨烯的加入使得聚氨酯泡沫材料的表观密度、压缩强度和压缩模量均得到大幅度提高;无论加入何种氧化石墨烯,聚氨酯泡沫复合材料的热导率均略有上升,但上升幅度仍在可接受范围内。     

疏水改性氧化石墨烯/环氧复合涂料的制备及其防腐性能研究

以叔碳酸缩水甘油酯(E-10P)为疏水单体,通过环氧与羧酸的共价键合,在氧化石墨烯(GO)表面引入疏水性支化碳链,改性后的氧化石墨烯(F-GO)作为防锈填料加入环氧树脂中得到F-GO/环氧复合涂料。通过红外光谱、拉曼光谱、X-射线衍射、热重分析对F-GO的结构进行表征,通过场发射扫描电镜观察F-GO及复合涂料的微观形貌,并通过电化学阻抗、极化曲线和盐雾试验测试了复合涂料的防腐性能。结果表明:E-10P可利用其空间效应阻碍片层的团聚;疏水效应可提高F-GO的热稳定性和与环氧树脂的相容性;与空白环氧涂层相比,当复合涂料中F-GO质量分数为0.2%时,厚度为20~25 μm的防腐涂层的腐蚀电流可由2.358 6×10 ^-6 A/cm ²下降至2.000 2×10 ^-11 A/cm ²,阻抗值可由1.1×10 ⁷ Ω·cm ² 提升至6.9×10 ⁹ Ω·cm ²。     

Mixed Matrix PVDF/Graphene and Composite‐Skin PVDF/Graphene Oxide Membranes Applied in Membrane Distillation

This work elucidates the influence of graphene (G) and graphene oxide (GO) content on the desalination performance and scaling characteristics of G/polyvinylidene fluoride (G/PVDF) mixed matrix and GO/PVDF composite‐skin membranes, applied in a direct contact membrane distillation process (DCMD). Inclusion of high quality, nonoxidized, monolayered graphene sheets as polymer membrane filler, and application of a novel GO/water‐bath coagulation method for the preparation of the GO/PVDF composite films, took place. Water permeability and desalination tests via DCMD, revealed that the optimal G content was 0.87 wt%. At such concentration the water vapor flux of the G/PVDF membrane was 1.7 times that of the nonmodified reference, while the salt rejection efficiency was significantly improved (99.8%) as compared to the neat PVDF. Similarly the GO/PVDF surface‐modified membrane, prepared using a GO dispersion with low concentration (0.5 g/L), exhibited twofold higher water vapor permeate flux as compared to the neat PVDF, but however, its salt rejection efficiency was moderate (80%), probably due to pore wetting during DCMD. The relatively low scaling tendency observed for both G and GO modified membranes is primarily attributed to their smoother surface texture as compared to neat PVDF, while scaling is caused by the deposition of calcite crystals, identified by XRPD analysis. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E262–E278, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers     

氧化石墨烯尺寸对水泥基复合材料的影响

采用Hummers法以石墨粉为原料制备氧化石墨烯(GO),采用球磨法制备不同尺寸的氧化石墨烯纳米片,分别使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和马尔文激光粒度仪(Zetasizer Nano,Zs)进行结构表征.结果 表明,球磨法可制备不同粒径分布的氧化石墨烯纳米片;水泥基复合材料的SEM微观形貌以及力学性能测定结果显示当掺杂0.25％、球磨16 h制得的氧化石墨烯(80 ～ 184 nm),复合材料的抗折、抗压强度分别为12.1 MPa和73 MPa,相较于对照样品提高了47.56％和38.52％;小尺寸氧化石墨烯促进水泥内部形成规则有序的水化物,这些水化物在水泥内堆叠,形成相互交联的晶体网络,微观上改变复合材料内部结构,宏观上提高了其力学性能.     

Synthesis and Characterization of CNT Composites for Laser‐Generated Ultrasonic Waves

In the last few years, extensive progress in ultrasonic wave generation by using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in combination with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), functional composites, has been achieved. Due to high optical absorption of MWCNTs as perfect absorbers for laser beams and the high thermal expansion coefficient of PDMS, a compact transducer for ultrasonic wave generation at higher frequency can be realized. This study reports a novel method to synthesize MWCNT–PDMS composites deposited on a glass substrate by spray coating, which is done in a short time of 2 h. The layers (0.9–32.2 µm) show low optical transmission properties of 13.9–0.0% at a wavelength of 1047 nm. Apart from using a 1% Triton‐X‐100 stock solution and then diluted to a 0.1% relatively nonhazardous solution, no toxic chemicals are used. The Triton‐X‐100 solution is not hazardous for lab handling and is a commonly used lab detergent for the treatment of biological cells. The achieved sound pressure level is 3.4 MPa with a frequency bandwidth of 9.7 MHz. These results show the potential for a fast and nontoxic production of laser‐generated ultrasonic transducers, which can be used well in the field of nondestructive material testing of layered materials or in medicine with an appropriate frequency range.     

氧化石墨烯/梳状有机硅改性水性聚氨酯复合材料的制备与性能

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚四氢呋喃二醇(PTMG2000)、双尾型羟基硅油(DSE)、2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为主要原料,先采用预聚体分散法制备梳状有机硅改性水性聚氨酯(DSE-WPU),再通过物理共混氧化石墨烯(GO)浆体制备了高强度多功能水性聚氨酯纳米复合材料(GO-DSE-WPU),并考察了其结构与性能的关系。力学性能分析表明,GO和DSE的加入可以有效地提高GO-DSE-WPU成膜的力学性能;接触角分析表明,随着GO含量的增加,GO-DSE-WPU成膜的疏水性能呈现先升后降的趋势,总体上疏水性有了大幅提升,利用AFM从内部结构做出了分析;从SEM断面线扫能谱图中可明显看出,GO-DSE-WPU成膜表面硅的富集率可提升100%;抗紫外分析表明,即使加入质量分数0.1%的GO,GO-DSE-WPU成膜的紫外吸收速率也有显著提高,紫外透过率显著降低;热性能分析表明,GO-DSE-WPU的3个热降解温度均较DSE-WPU有所改善,热性能提升。     

纳米二氧化钛/氧化石墨烯的制备及对水中污染物的去除性能研究

利用改进Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯(GO),以GO为载体,通过一步溶胶混合法成功制备TiO_2/GO复合催化剂,并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT IR),X射线衍射仪(XRD),透射电子显微镜(TEM)等技术对其进行表征;同时,探究了TiO_2/GO复合催化剂的投加量对罗丹明B(RB)模拟废水的光催化性能和吸附性能的影响,以及最佳投加量时复合催化剂的重复使用性能。结果表明,TiO_2/GO复合催化剂中TiO_2颗粒均匀分布于薄纱状的GO片层两侧。TiO_2/GO复合催化剂投加量为50mg/L时对罗丹明B降解效果最好,在紫外吸光度554nm处罗丹明B溶液的脱色率(即UV_(554)罗丹明B溶液的去除率)和总有机碳(TOC)去除率分别达到99%以上和66.72%。TiO_2/GO复合催化剂的降解性能优于纯TiO_2。TiO_2/GO复合催化剂重复使用5次后,对RB的UV_(554)去除率和TOC去除率依然维持在99%以上和55%左右。TiO_2/GO复合催化剂对RB的吸附30min后基本达到平衡,吸附过程更为符合准二级动力学方程,拟合平衡吸附量Qe为253.8mg/g。     

苯并噁嗪/氧化石墨烯导热复合材料的制备与性能研究

以双酚A、3氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和多聚甲醛为原料,通过曼尼希反应合成了氨基硅氧烷功能化苯并嗪（B-TES）;将B-TES引入双酚A苯胺型苯并嗪（BA-a）与氧化石墨烯（GO）组成的复合体系中,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪和旋转流变仪研究了复合体系的热固化过程;激光导热仪测试BA-a/GO/B-TES复合材料的热导率。结果表明,当GO/B-TES添加量从1 %（质量分数,下同）增大到6 %时,复合材料的热导率从0.29 W/（m·K）增大到0.56 W/（m·K）;采用有效介质模型计算GO与聚合物之间的界面热阻（Rb）,发现B-TES能够使Rb由150×10-9 m2·K/W降低至130×10-9 m2·K/W;BA-a/GO/B-TES复合材料还表现出低表面能、高热稳定性的特性。     

石墨烯/聚丙烯复合材料的等温结晶动力学研究

采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了石墨烯(RGO)/聚丙烯(PP)复合材料的等温结晶行为。结果表明:对于纯PP和RGO/PP复合材料,结晶温度(Tc)的提高将导致结晶速率(G1/2)变慢、绝对结晶度(Xc)提高;PP和RGO/PP复合材料的等温结晶在相当大的范围内符合Avrami方程;同纯PP相比,RGO/PP复合材料的G1/2相对增加,而结晶活化能相对减小,这意味着RGO对PP起到了外加成核剂的作用,促进了PP的结晶。