Press,swipe and read: Do interactive features facilitate engagement and learning with e-Books?

Young children are introduced to mobile technology at an early age, with many using touchscreens daily. One appeal of touchscreen technology is that it seems to be intuitive for very young children. As a result, many children's e-books are designed for tablets rather than for e-readers or computers. E-books often contain hotspots—interactive areas children can press to receive immediate auditory or visual feedback. This study assessed whether children's (N = 76, aged 3–5 years) interactions with hotspots increased their engagement with reading when using an e-book independently and how such interactions were related to their learning from the story. Our results suggested that interacting with hotspots enhanced children's emotional engagement and sustained visual attention but not verbal engagement. Interacting with hotspots also benefited children's recall of story elements relevant to the hotspot but not their overall comprehension of the story. These findings inform the design and use of touchscreen media in early childhood.     

基于阅读技巧识别和双通道融合机制的机器阅读理解方法

机器阅读理解任务旨在要求系统对给定文章进行理解, 然后对给定问题进行回答. 先前的工作重点聚焦在问题和文章间的交互信息, 忽略了对问题进行更加细粒度的分析(如问题所考察的阅读技巧是什么?). 受先前研究的启发, 人类对于问题的理解是一个多维度的过程. 首先, 人类需要理解问题的上下文信息; 然后, 针对不同类型问题, 识别其需要使用的阅读技巧; 最后, 通过与文章交互回答出问题答案. 针对这些问题, 提出一种基于阅读技巧识别和双通道融合的机器阅读理解方法, 对问题进行更加细致的分析, 从而提高模型回答问题的准确性. 阅读技巧识别器通过对比学习的方法, 能够显式地捕获阅读技巧的语义信息. 双通道融合机制将问题与文章的交互信息和阅读技巧的语义信息进行深层次的融合, 从而达到辅助系统理解问题和文章的目的. 为了验证该模型的效果, 在FairytaleQA数据集上进行实验, 实验结果表明, 该方法实现了在机器阅读理解任务和阅读技巧识别任务上的最好效果.     

Literacy Sponsorship of the “My Online Friends” Discussion Board: Competing and Complementary Relationships

This article argues that we need to consider the complementary and competing relationships among the multiple types of sponsors of digital literacies. As we explore not just what people are reading and writing online, but also what sponsors fuel their motivations for doing so, we will have a better understanding of the constraints that accompany specific digital literacy opportunities, as well as what motivates individuals or groups to change their online reading and writing given these constraints.In this article, I discuss the relationships among the three commercial sponsors and one religious sponsor of the “My Online Friends” (MOF) discussion board, a group composed of approximately 120 women who are all members of the LDS, or Mormon, church. On the MOF discussion board, intersections among sponsors affect the women's establishment of group and individual identities and their use of relational literacy. In response to commercial sponsors’ coding and rules of use, which constrained the MOF women's religious and individual identity construction, the MOF women acted to change the commercial sponsorship of their spaces, yet they also adopted subject positions initially provided by commercial sponsors.     

‘txtN is ez f u no h2 rd’: the relation between reading ability and text‐messaging behaviour

A study was carried out to explore whether or not there is a relationship between children's reading ability and text‐messaging behaviour. The aims of this study were to compare good and poor readers on their amount of usage of mobile phones, the frequency and type of text devices they used, and the speed at which they could read messages in ‘text’ versus those written in formal English. Ten‐ and 11‐year‐olds completed three assessments: a questionnaire, two writing tasks and a reading task. The results showed that, overall, poor readers spent more minutes per day using their phones. Despite their less frequent use of phones, the good readers used more textisms in their written text message and were faster at reading all the messages.     

Equal task,equal exposure? Are men and women with the same tasks equally exposed to awkward working postures?

The aim of the study was to determine whether men and woman with equal tasks perform these tasks in the same way. Video recordings of 37 male and 43 female workers in six task groups were observed, from which data regarding frequency and duration of exposure to awkward postures were derived. These data were also compared to self-reported exposures. The results showed that when level, duration and frequency of exposure were analysed at the same time, men and women had slightly different exposure patterns. However, these differences were not found when duration and frequency were analysed separately. From the questionnaires it appeared that men and women generally report similar exposures, but they seemed to over-report their exposure compared to the observed exposures. It is concluded that gender differences in exposure to awkward postures within the same task were small at most and cannot explain the female excess in musculoskeletal symptoms.     

性别差异对IT类研究生就业情况影响的调查报告——以北京大学信息科学技术学院2010年毕业研究生为个案

以北京大学信息科学技术学院2010届毕业研究生调查问卷的统计结果为基础,指出IT类研究生就业性别差异主要体现在求职心理感受和职业定位方面,而较少体现在具体的求职成本与求职结果上。分析造成这种性别差异的个人主体原因不在于女性求职者智力上或者能力上劣于男性,而在于主观方面,最后,对IT类女性毕业生的职业指导提出建议。     

计算机专业大学生学业成绩性别差异研究

通过对计算机专业470位大学生学业成绩的统计分析,探讨计算机专业大学生学业中的性别差异及其对教育工作的启示。结果表明,计算机专业女生学业状况明显优于男生,其中专业理论课程优势较大,设计实习课程优势较小。此外,还发现在平时表现、成绩走向等方面也存在性别差异。文章分析了差异形成的原因,并对教学提出了一些建议。     

基于性别差异的手机界面设计原则研究

界面作为实现手机人机交互作用的媒介,是手机设计过程中的重要组成部分。手机界面设计依据使用者选择及使用过程的不同需求遵循相应的原则,其中性别作为使用者的一项基本特征,对手机界面设计提出一系列要求。基于性别差异的手机界面设计使手机应用更具个性化和实用性,更好地为使用者服务。     

移动机器人视觉导航控制研究

该文研究了移动机器人视觉导航的控制问题。针对导航中的图像畸变以及视野有限易造成导航线丢失等问题,提出了一种简单的单目视觉目标定位算法和一种新的控制策略。在导航时,首先利用定位算法精确地获取地面目标的深度信息,然后控制机器人沿一系列切线方向平滑接近导航线(或目标),并根据实施控制的时间间隔控制速度,以保证机器人视野中导航线(或目标)不丢失。实际的应用证明了该定位算法和策略的有效性。     

Experience differences and continuance intention of blog sharing

Although many studies focus on information sharing in communities and organisations, little research has been carried out on the antecedents of continuance intention of blog sharing. This study focuses on amateur blogs, which are the major customers for blog service providers (BSPs). The purposes are to investigate the antecedents of continuous blog sharing and determine whether they change with gender, age, and blog experience differences. Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework and related social-psychological foundations, this study proposes outcome expectancy of financial capital, knowledge capital, and social capital, perceived usability, social influence, self-disclosure, and information literacy as the antecedents of continuous blog sharing. A survey of 268 blog authors reveals that usability is a necessary condition for continuous blog sharing. Outcome expectancy for knowledge capital and social capital can encourage continuous sharing behaviour, but expectancy for financial capital does not. Meanwhile, blog sharing is primarily a personal endeavour facilitated by inner self-disclosure, not extrinsic information literacy or social influence. In addition, the antecedents differ according to gender, age, and blog experience differences.     

基于神经网络的RoboCup进攻策略

机器人足球赛Robocup(Robot World Cup)是国际上规模最大且影响最为广泛的机器人足球赛事。机器人足球比赛已经成为当前人工智能研究的热点之一,作为多Agent系统的一个理想的试验平台,它涉及到了多个技术领域。文章应用神经网络技术解决Robocup仿真组比赛的进攻策略问题,对射门底层技术进行了有效优化。我们把这种策略与以往的基于逻辑准则的策略进行了比较。基于神经网络的优化射门策略在很多情况下会做出更好的决定。