Evolution of Electron Phase Orbits Based on Multi——photon Nonlinear Compton Scattering

The electron movement based on the multi- photon nonlinear Compton scattering with the extra--intense stationary laser field is discussed by using KMR (Kroll--Morton--Rosenbluth) theory. We find that there exists only an evolution from periodicity to non--periodicity of the un--captured electron phase orbits after the energy exchange between the electron beam and laser fields. With the increase of the absorbed photon number n by an electron, this evolution will be more and more faster, while it is rapidly decreased with the enhancement of the collision non- flexibility ξ of the electrons and photons； When the electrons are captured by the laser fields, the evolution is finished, the electrons will stably transport, and the photons don‘t give up the energy to these electrons.     

激光脉冲初始相位对电子辐射的影响

为了研究超短超强椭圆偏振激光初始相位对于高能电子辐射特性的影响, 采用了Lorentz方程与电子能量方程构造高能电子与强激光场的对撞模型的方法, 并使用MATLAB进行数值模拟, 获得了电子的运动轨迹以及激光场空间辐射的功率与能量分布的数据与图像, 对不同的激光初始相位所对应的3维空间辐射特性进行了研究。结果表明, 当激光脉冲撞击电子时, 电子产生辐射, 且辐射功率呈现出双峰形; 高能电子的辐射功率图像在初始相位为0°, 180°和360°时表现为对称型双峰, 而在其它相位下则呈现出非对称型双峰。该结论为超短超强椭圆偏振激光的初始相位3维反探测研究提供了一定的基础。     

Influences of Uncaptured Electron on Energy Conversion of Photon Compton Scattering in High Power Laser-plasma

Using the single particle theory and the non-flexibility collision model of electron and photon, the influence of the uncaptured electrons on the energy conversion efficiency of multi-photon nonlinear Compton scattering in the extra stationary laser-plasma is investigated. It shows that in extra stationary laser-plasma,the uncaptured electrons make the Δω of the scattering frequency of the multi-photon Compton fall down with the increases of the incident radiation electron speed,the materials of the incident collision of electron and photon, and the number of the photons which work with the electrons at the same time. Under the modulation of the uncaptured electrons to the laser field, the energy conversion efficiency between electrons and photons will fall down with the increase of the electron incident radiation speed, using the low-power electrons for incident source, the loss can be efficiently reduced.     

Influences of Uncaptured Electron on Energy Conversion of Photon Compton Scattering in High Power Laser-mplasma

Using the single particle theory and the non--flexibility collision model of electron and photon,the influence of the uncaptured electrons on the energy conversion efficiency of multi--photon nonlinear Compton scattering in the extra stationary laser--plasma is investigated. It shows that in extra stationary laser—plasma, the uncaptured electrons make the Ato of the scattering frequency of the multi--photon Compton fall down with the increases of the incident radiation electron speed, the materials of the incident collision of electron and photon, and the number of the photons which work with the electrons at the same time. Under the modulation of the uncaptured electrons to the laser field, the energy conversion efficiency between electrons and photons will fall down with the increase of the electron incident radiation speed, using the low--power electrons for incident source, the loss can be efficiently reduced.     

Free-electron interactions with light using the inverse Cerenkov effect

An analysis and experimental verification of momentum modulation of relativistic electrons by laser light using the inverse Cerenkov effect is presented. As an alternative to the free-electron laser for achieving energy exchange between particles and photons, the inverse Cerenkov effect uses the index of refraction of a gaseous medium to retard the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave, enabling the electrons to remain in a field of constant phase. The momentum modulation converts to charge-density modulation by allowing the electrons to drift, thus forming electron bunches separated by optical wavelengths. An analysis is presented for the maximum amount of energy exchange, the energy exchange distribution, and the optimum bunching distance. A computer simulation of the interaction process is also given. These results are compared with the observed momentum modulation of a 102 MeV electron beam by a 30 MW Nd:YAG 1.06 μm laser in both hydrogen and methane gases. Initial observation of coherent optical radiation from a 57 MeV electron beam using the same laser system is also presented. Laser-driven particle accelerators and optical klystrons are possible applications of this interaction.     

Influence of Heat-radiating on Multi-photon Compton Scattering High-energy Electron

Using the model of the inverse Compton scattering between high-energy electrons and heatradiation photons, the influence of heat-radiating photons on multi-photon Compton scattering high-energy electrons is studied. The results show that the energy loss, power loss, light resistance and light pressure of the high-energy electron formed by heat radiating are all proportional to the temperature T^4 of the vacuum cavity of the electron,the Lorentz factor γ^2 of the high-energy electrons, the scattering section of the electron and the number of photons acting at the same time with high-energy electrons. A good method for lessening the energy loss of the high-energy electron by using the one-photon Compton scattering between high-energy electrons and heat radiation photons is proposed.     

Multiphoton stimulated Compton laser

When Compton backscattering (head to head collisions) arises between a relativistic electron beam and one of two intense counterpropagating laser beams, electrons are mainly scattered by the laser beam from the reverse direction and can hardly interact with the other laser beam propagating in the same direction. Thus, the interaction of electrons with the latter laser beam, which induces stimulated Compton scattering, can be treated as a perturbation. With perturbation theory, we calculate the probability of stimulated emission and absorption of the photons by electrons in two intense counterpropagating laser beams. The results demonstrate that stimulated emission or absorption is significant only if the momenta of photons and the energy of the electron satisfy certain condition. We also formulate the gain coefficient of the multiphoton stimulated Compton laser, which is sensitive to the intensity of the pumping laser and the energy spread of the electron beam     

强场物理中超热电子的产生及输运

在100TW超短脉冲钛宝石激光装置上完成了飞秒激光-固体靶相互作用中超热电子的产生及输运特性的实验研究。获得了超热电子的能谱、产额、注量和总能量。结果表明,随着功率密度的增加,靶前法线方向的超热电子更容易产生;超热电子的注量和总能量随靶厚度的增加而减少。超热电子约80%的能量主要沉积在靶内的前10μm,分析表明,这主要是静电场的影响所致。     

自由电子激光器的位相条件

基于相对论电子在光场和静态磁场作用下的能量方程和洛仑兹方程,分析了自由电子激光器运转的位相条件。结果表明,入射光波相对于相对论电子束的初位相ψ在第1和第4象限,相对论电子的能量将主要表现为能量减低,初位相ψ在第2和第3象限主要表现为使相对论电子进一步被加速。     

The Linear and Self-Consistent Nonlinear Theory of the Electron Cyclotron Maser Instability

In this paper the linear and nonlinear theory of the electron cyclotron maser instability is considered. The configuration used to study the maser instability consists of relativistic electrons gyrating about and drifting along a uniform magnetic field within a parallel plate waveguide. Relativistic effects associated with the gyrating electrons are responsible for excitation of the transverse electric mode in the waveguide. Linear theory shows that the growth rate maximizes when the axial beam velocity coincides with the axial wave group velocity of the excited electromagnetic wave. This allows us to perform the nonlinear analysis in a frame where both the axial wave number and axial beam velocity vanish. We have found that the maser instability exists only if the perpendicular beam energy exceeds a threshold value. Our analysis also describes the temporal nonlinear evolution of the field amplitude and frequency of a single excited wave. The nonlinear wave dynamics are self-consistently determined from the nonlinear particle orbits through the force and wave equations. The nonlinear analysis shows that there are two possible mechanisms for the saturation of the unstable wave: 1) depletion of the available free energy associated with the rotating particles and 2) phase trapping of the gyrating electrons in the wave. The initial beam parameters determine which of the two mechanisms is responsible for saturation. Competition between the two saturation mechanisms leads to a peaking in the energy conversion efficiency as a function of beam energy. Numerical results of the nonlinear formalism show that energy conversion efficiencies from the particles to the wave can be as high as 60 percent in the beam frame. Furthermore, by appropriately contouring the external magnetic field, among other things, efficiencies as high as 70 percent can be realized.     

非对称激光等离子体尾场中被加速电子的模拟

为了研究在激光驱动的等离子体尾场中被加速电子的动力学,采用数值模拟方法得到了非对称脉冲驱动的尾波场中被加速的电子的运动相图、密度分布及势能。结果表明,非对称激光脉冲驱动尾场中电子得到很高的能量。在非对称激光脉冲驱动的激光尾场中,为了有效地加速电子,要选择恰当的上升激光脉冲长度和下降激光脉冲长度。     

激光同步辐射在不同观测角度上的辐射特性研究

利用高能电子在强激光场中散射发出激光同步辐射,根据Lorentz方程与电子能量方程构建高能电子与强激光场的对撞模型,并通过MATLAB软件模拟高能电子在与强激光场对撞时电子运动的三维轨迹以及不同观测角度上同步辐射的脉宽和最大功率,进而分析不同观测角度对激光同步辐射特性的影响。模拟结果表明,观测角度由0°增大到360°期间,激光同步辐射的最大功率先减小后增大,而其脉宽先减小后增大,两者都于观测角为180°处左右呈现出一定程度的对称。且在0度或360度处获得的最大辐射功率取值最大,脉宽最小,能量最集中。     

Impact ionization and light emission in InAlAs/InGaAsheterostructure field-effect transistors

We present measurements on impact ionization effects, real space transfer of holes and electrons, and light emission occurring in n-channel InAlAs/InGaGs heterostructure Field-Effect Transistors based on InP operated at high electric fields and at different temperatures. The channel electrons heated by the lateral electric field give rise to impact ionization and light emission. By comparing the electrical characteristics and the integrated light intensity in different energy ranges and at different temperatures, we were able to identify two main different light emission mechanisms: conduction to conduction-band transitions for low energy photons and conduction to valence-band transitions for high energy photons. The correlation between the gate current and the light intensity allowed us to separately evaluate the electron and hole components of the gate current     

Computer simulation of electric field variations due to movements of electric charges

Simulations were carried out for the orbit of electron-induced secondary electrons around a charged microfibril of a sciatic nerve tissue. In order to set the parameters for the simulation, the shape of the microfibril was determined from a transmission electron microscopy image, while the electric potential on the surface of the charged microfibril was evaluated from a reconstructed phase image obtained with electron holography. On the other hand, the passing point and the angle of secondary electrons at the microfibril surface were determined from a reconstructed amplitude image. Eventually, simulation of orbits of secondary electrons was carried out by changing the kinetic energy of the secondary electrons. Under the given conditions, the orbit of secondary electrons with a kinetic energy of 29.6?eV fits the observations. If there are thin layers of electrons, the secondary electrons do not reach the surface but they go over it due to the repulsive Coulomb force resulting in successive revolving motion around the charged microfibril. Furthermore, the electric field variation due to the movement of the electric charges resulting from the specimen drift is also discussed briefly comparing it with electron holography data.     

超快激光诱导单晶硅瞬态光学性质演化机理

研究了从亚皮秒到皮秒范围内的不同脉宽和不同能量密度的激光作用下单晶硅材料表面瞬态光学性质的演化规律。这项工作基于考虑了相变潜热的双温方程、载流子数密度模型,通过计算激光辐照过程中的载流子温度、晶格温度和激发态载流子数密度和介电常数,模拟了光子到电子以及电子到声子的能量传递过程,最终得到了单晶硅表面折射率和消光系数的变化结果。有助于揭示亚皮秒到皮秒脉冲宽度范围的超短脉冲激光辐照下,单晶硅材料瞬态光学性质的演化机理。理论结果表明,若单个激光脉冲无法使单晶硅熔化,则不同的激光能量密度和不同的激光脉宽对最小折射率的影响非常有限,在0.3~0.4 J/cm2的激光能量密度范围内,每0.01 J/cm2的能量密度改变引起的最小折射率变化率小于0.5%。若单个激光脉冲能使单晶硅熔化,则不同能量密度和不同脉宽的激光对硅表面的折射率和消光系数有不同程度的影响。该研究结果可为基于超短脉冲激光的单晶硅材料加工和表面改性提供一定的理论指导。     

Magnetic-field-induced transitions between minibands in GaAs/AlxGa1−x As superlattices

The transition from closed to open electron orbits in a magnetic field has been studied by polarized hot electron photoluminescence (HEPL) in superlattices with varied widths of electron minibands. The dependence of the HEPL depolarization on the miniband width is observed. The strong depolarization occurring when the kinetic energy of electrons exceeds the energy gap between the minibands is interpreted in terms of a magnetic-field-induced transition between the electron minibands (magnetic breakdown).     

Resotron: A Novel Tunable Millimeter and Submillimeter Wave Source of Radiation

The need for tunable radiation sources in the millimeter and submillimeter range for spectroscopic purposes is still a research area of great interest. The tunable radiation source, proposed in this paper, is a special free electron laser device with the prerequisite of low electron energy. The output power density in the millimeter (GHz)-range is of the order of MW/cm² and in the submillimeter (THz)-range of the order of kW/cm². The device consists of an electron source with electron optics, wiggler/microwiggler, and a longitudinal magnetic field. The wiggler for the THz-regime has a very short wiggler period of approximately 400 μm and could be manufactured with laser micromachining techniques. The free electron laser operates in magnetoresonance and shows surprisingly stable electron orbits and therefore narrow output frequencies. Computational results of the temporal behavior of the output power done with a multi-frequency code are reported.     

Low-voltage blue electroluminescence in GaN

Blue electroluminescence has been obtained in GaN with the energy supplied to each electron lower than the energy of the emitted photons. This antistokes emission increased with the cube of the current. An external power efficiency of 3 × 10^-4was obtained. A tentative model of impact excitation by two hot electrons is proposed as the excitation mechanism. The prospects of practical applications of this phenomenon are discussed.     

相对论电子在高斯激光场中的加速

为了研究激光电磁场对真空中电子的作用,从洛伦兹方程出发,得出了电子运动轨迹,实现了激光场对电子的加速。继而由运动电子产生的流密度,得到了电子的辐射能量谱,分析了相对论电子的辐射特点。结果表明,高斯激光场对真空中电子有很好的加速效果,最大轴向速度可达0.9c。     

飞秒激光对多光谱滤波片的损伤阈值研究

为了测量飞秒激光对多光谱滤波片的损伤阈值, 采用钛∶蓝宝石飞秒脉冲激光(800nm、50fs)对多光谱滤光片的前膜进行了激光损伤阈值的实验研究, 并使用显微镜观测了滤光片前膜的损伤形貌。结果表明, 薄膜在不同脉冲辐照次数(1, 2, 5和10)下, 前膜损伤阈值分别为1.68J/cm2, 1.56J/cm2, 1.44J/cm2和1.42J/cm2, 随着脉冲辐照次数的增加, 损伤阈值降低, 激光脉冲的重复辐射会对薄膜形成累积效应; 由于飞秒激光的宽度极短, 薄膜导带电子由多光子电离产生, 并迅速吸收激光能量, 当其能量大于材料的带隙能时, 会与价带电子发生碰撞产生另一个电子, 进而形成大量的自由电子, 对薄膜造成损伤; 在1-on-1和2-on-1测试方法下, 随着飞秒激光能量密度的增加, 前膜损伤区域的轮廓越来越清晰、规整, 并逐渐出现清晰的分层现象, 这归因于前膜干涉场的分布不同。该研究对多光谱滤波光膜在飞秒激光作用下的损伤效果提供了参考。