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当前,市场经济越发展,企业就越要依靠市场,企业要在市场中开展经济活动,参与竞争,不但不能放松,而且更应重视。一方面市场经济要求企业必须重视内部管理。例如,则模相似的企业生产同样的产品,有的企业欣欣向荣,有的企业却岌岌可危。追本溯源,其主要差别就在管理上,事实表明,暂时效益好的企业若陷入盲目性,放弃内部管理,则可能运转着的市场抛出来,亏损或倒闭。暂时效益差的企业,只要艰苦奋斗,自强不息,深挖内部潜力,加强内部管理,保质,高产,低消耗,亦有机会跃出低谷,在市场竞争中取胜。诚然,企业在市场经济体制下有更多的自主权,但也得冒更锪风险。企业要在复杂多变的市场中取胜,就要发挥优势在同等条件下与对手抗衡,这就要求扎扎实实抓内部管理。不但要在生产技术领域内挖潜;而且要在管理领域内挖潜,使产品品种新,质量好,成本低,物美价兼,从而占领市场,在竞争中击败对手,立于不败之地。另一方面,企业的生存和发展也依靠企业重视内部. 加强管理是企业自立自强的有效途径。同时,企业发展的经历也告诉我们,那种持短期行为的企业领导者,不重视管理,既违背了市场规律,又损害了企业的前途,只有善于预测未来,把目前的经济效益和企业未来的发展有机地结合在一起,认真地为企业准备后劲,强化内部管理,按市场规律办事才是远见的企业家,才能使企业繁荣和发展。 相似文献
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洛阳,中华文明的重要发祥地。5000多年的悠长历史,13个王朝先后在此建都,建都史长达1529年。周公在此运辞行帷幄;刘秀在此中兴大汉;孝文帝在此改天换地;武则天在此指点江山……旌旗翻飞,香烟袅绕,大殿雄伟,九鼎沉重。洛阳,九朝古都,巍巍江山,代代豪杰,马蹄飞溅万点风流!礼乐诞生于此,道学创始于此,佛学首传于此,理学光大于此。西边一步之遥,是著名的仰韶文化遗址,城外邙山上,有数千年王候陵墓。寺庙、碑碣、古被窟、城楼、层层叠叠,一展华夏文明的厚重。洛阳,仰天问祖,俯首寻根,拜一脉古韵悠长!带着一腔激动,满怀敬虔,一步步走近洛阳,走近祖先。将军战马今何在?应天门残墙上,一地荒草随风飘摇。老子走了,无影无踪;头像断了,佛祖不见。墙角的仿古唐马,依稀还有当年的神韵?岁月的冷列风尘,一抹古都千年风流…… 相似文献
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一位好的领导,要有大将风度。“将军之事,静以幽,正以治。”静,就是沉着老练:幽,幽深莫测,临危不惧,处变不惊。正,公正:治,管理。静以幽,正以治,就是要处事沉着老练,喜怒不形于色。管理者的这种风度是大将风度的一个重要方面。 相似文献
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Kinetic data related to complex mixtures of reactants and catalysts are necessary to simulate design and rate industrial chemical reactors. In the particular case of Fluidised-bed Catalytic Cracking, the main reaction takes place in riser reactors; whereas laboratory data are obtained in small fixed bed reactors. Even though this important difference in size and hydrodynamics, laboratory reactors are used to estimate, accurately, yield to products and apparent activation energies of the reactions proposed; however estimated frequency factors are very different from the ones observed at industrial reactors. In this work a scaling-up of frequency factors is performed, assuming that activation energies estimated in laboratory are correct. The adjusting effort is minimised because it is necessary to scale-up only one of the reaction rates and the rest of them are fitted proportionally to the first one. A 5-lump kinetic scheme for catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oils is used to test this approach; prediction obtained for industrial yields is very accurate. 相似文献
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Intrinsic viscosities of polymers are most often estimated using the Huggins equation, which relates the quotient ηsp/c to intrinsic viscosity and concentration c. It is shown that when this method is used, the error structure is distorted by the presence of concentration in the quotient. The result is that when dilution series experiments are analyzed, the estimates are ordinarily poorer the more dilutions are made. A rearrangement of the Huggins equation is introduced which allows precise estimation from any experiment. It is also shown that dilution series experiments with more than three different concentrations including that of the pure solvent are inefficient by any method of analysis, and convenient experiments which may be considered practical optima are described. When they are used the conventional analysis is restored to full efficiency. Design and analysis of experiments where there is important uncertainty in polymer concentration are also studied. 相似文献
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结合离子膜法制烧碱设备管理的工作实际,给出管理和控制设备维护费用的具体方法:①重视设备的采购管理,包括设备的选型、机型的统一,和易损件的采购;②选择适宜的维修方式;③提高设备的有效作业率;④精心维修与保养设备;⑤建立完善、科学合理的规章制度;⑥制定科学、先进的技术经济指标;⑦加强成本管理教育;⑧提倡修旧利废,节能降耗;⑨加强技术改进工作;⑩建立监控体系,突出设备的经济管理。 相似文献
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A method is described for the separation, identification, and quantitative estimation of the individual molecular species
occurring in natural lecithin mixtures. Purified lecithin preparations are converted into diglyceride acetates by enzymic
dephosphorylation and acetylation. The diglyceride acetates are separated on the basis of the degree of unsaturation and the
molecular geometry by means of chromatography on thin layers of silica gel which are impregnated with silver nitrate. The
various acetates thus resolved are separately recovered from the plates and diluted with tridecanoin internal standard; the
quantitative distribution of the molecular weights is determined by gas chromatography.
Suitable aliquots of the saturated and unsaturated diglyceride acetates are further analyzed for over-all and for positional
distribution of fatty acids. The identity and proportions of the various lecithins are deduced by integration and normalization
of all the experimental data. Where doubt exists, specific diglyceride acetates are isolated by preparative gas chromatography,
and their fatty acid composition is determined. The method is illustrated with data obtained for the mixed lecithins of egg
yolk. The general approach is applicable to the determination of the structure of other phospholipids of comparable complexity.
Presented in part at the AOCS Meeting in Philadelphia, October 1966. 相似文献
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WANG Xiaoyan LIANG Guijie 《化工之友》2008,(28)
目的比较TP-ELISA、TP-PA、TRUST三种梅毒检测方法,选择一种适合大批量标本的梅毒筛查方法。方法以TP-ELISA法检测门诊患者标本7468例,TP-ELISA阳性者以TP-PA确认,并检测TRUST。结果共检出TP-ELISA阳性116例,检出率为1.55%。其中TP-ELISA阳性、TP-PA阳性133例,符合率97.4%;TP-ELISA阳性、TP-PA阴性3例,TP-ELISA假阳性率为2.6%。113例TP-PA阳性标本中检出TRUST阳性62例,检出率54.9%(62/113);其余51例TRUST阴性,未检出率45.1%(51/113)。结论TP-ELISA是梅毒筛查的理想方法。 相似文献
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综述了1980-2015年期间钒矿、含钒磷铁、废钒催化剂、钢渣和石煤等常见提钒原料之提钒技术的研究进展,对目前较具代表性的提钒工艺技术进行了较系统地分析总结,将这些提钒工艺技术归结为冶金工艺、焙烧工艺、湿法提钒、其他新型工艺四大类进行分类阐述;对各类提钒工艺技术进行了举例说明,对其基本过程进行了概述,并对其优缺点进行了较客观的分析和评述。在此基础上,发现和指出了长期以来我国提钒工艺过程中普遍存在的主要问题:首先,钒资源提钒的工艺技术水平仍然较低,废弃物较多,环境污染较严重;其次伴生矿或元素利用较低,钒资源综合利用程度较低。最后,指出了提钒技术的发展趋势:在强调环境保护的背景下,乞待开发新的环境污染较少、钒资源综合利用程度较高的提钒工艺。 相似文献
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茚酮化合物广泛存在于许多天然产物中,这类化合物具有多种生理活性,是重要的有机合成中间体,广泛应用于医药、农药、染料的合成等。本文重点介绍了环化法合成茚酮化合物,其中分子内傅雷德尔-克瑞福斯(Friedel-Crafts)环化法是茚酮化合物的经典合成法,该法优点是技术成熟,后处理较简单,易于工业化,但该方法产生大量的含铝废液,对环境造成污染。同时,文章对近年来出现的新的茚酮化合物合成方法,如重排法、光化法等进行了对比讨论,新方法与经典合成法相比,具有条件温和、步骤少、产物纯度高等优点,但受到所用原材料等条件的限制,其工业化进程不易实现。通过对近十几年来茚酮化合物合成方法的系统化讨论,指出开发绿色环保、原子经济、易于工业化的新的茚酮化合物合成方法是今后研究的重点。 相似文献
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Jaana Ennari 《Polymer》2008,49(9):2373-2380
Atomistic molecular modelling is used to construct sulfonated PVF-based polyelectrolyte materials containing 0, 10 or 40 wt% of water. The systems contain hydronium ions, with which the classical diffusion of the hydronium ions can be simulated, and particles called protons, with which the proton hopping mechanism can be simulated. System containing 40 wt% of water is conducting. Both the proton hopping and the classical diffusion mechanisms occur in the system and neither of them is dominating. The interactions between ions are calculated and they are found to be relatively small. Diffusion coefficients of the protons, hydronium ions and the water molecules are reported and the movement of ions is studied. The location of the protons, the hydronium ions and the water molecules is studied at the atomistic level. In system containing 40 wt% of water, water clusters are seen. There are no remarkable differences between the results that are measured for similar materials or calculated in this study. 相似文献
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枞酸是从天然可再生资源松香中分离得到的产品,由于松香是包含13种树脂酸的混合物,而且这些树脂酸多为同分异构体,导致其物理性质相近,使得枞酸单离非常困难,很多情况下是以混合物的形式应用于各种工业领域中,用途受到了一定的限制。本文介绍了枞酸的几种主要单离方法,分析了各种单离方法的优缺点,认为有机胺盐结晶法是枞酸工业生产最可行的方法。此外,本文还介绍了枞酸在合成生物活性物质方面的应用以及在医药、农药、精细化学品等领域的应用研究进展,最后,指出将松香所含的多种树脂酸逐一分离提纯,并以之作为原料,合成一系列具有生物活性的物质和药物,是未来枞酸综合开发利用的重点。 相似文献