以尿素为沉淀剂制备超细α-Al2O3粉体

以硫酸铝为原料,尿素为沉淀剂,采用均匀沉淀法制备了a-Al2O3超细粉体.系统考察了反应温度、Al2SO4·18H2O初始浓度以及沉淀剂用量对产率的影响.通过DTA-TG,XRD与SEM分析,研究了前躯体胶体的脱水过程及粉体的结构与形貌.结果表明,当前躯体在1200℃下煅烧时可得到结晶完善,纯度高,粒径均匀的球形超细a-Al2O3粉体.     

钴铝水滑石煅烧尖晶石相氧化产物的制备及表征

采用共沉淀法合成Co-Al-LDHs类水滑石前躯体,通过煅烧得到尖晶石氧化粉体,并研究了不同保温时间和煅烧温度对尖晶石氧化粉体结构的影响,借助XRD和TG对前躯体及其氧化粉体的结构进行表征,采用SEM对氧化粉体形貌表征。结果表明,采用共沉淀法制备的前躯体具有典型的水滑石结构,前驱体的热分解温度分别为200℃和240℃。前驱体铝类水滑石在900℃煅烧和4h保温的条件下得到钴铝氧化粉体的尖晶石结晶性良好,粒径细小均匀。实验制备工艺条件简单且产物结晶性良好的尖晶石,为钴铝尖晶石的制备提供一个具有实际应用价值的制备方法。     

新型无铅铁电陶瓷BaTi2O5粉体的制备

采用Sol-gel法,以钛酸丁酯和乙酸钡为主要原料。无水乙醇为溶剂,少量乙酰丙酮为螯合剂。在不同温度煅烧合成了BaTi2O5（BT2）粉体。采用XRD、DTA/TG、FT—IR和SEM对样品进行检测表征。700℃时粉体晶化。800～1200℃为稳定单相BT2．粉体基本为球形．粒径随温度的升高而增大。     

制备高纯度α-Al_2O_3粉体的工艺研究

以硝酸铝和碳酸铵为原料,采用化学沉淀法,在不同硝酸铝浓度下制备Al2O3的前驱体Al(OH)3,再经不同温度煅烧得到Al2O3粉体。利用TG-DTG、XRD、BET及SEM等分析手段对粉体的性能进行了表征。结果表明,煅烧温度对Al2O3的晶型有着重要的影响,硝酸铝浓度为0.1 mol/L时制备出的粉体分散性较好,经1 200℃煅烧能制备出纯度较高的形貌类似球形的α-Al2O3粉体。     

机械激活前驱体法制备BaTi2O5

以BaCO3和TiO2为原料通过高频共振机械激活获得BaTi2O5前驱体,并在1200℃保温3h烧结制得BaTi2O5块体.通过XRD、SEM等分别分析了机械激活过程中前驱体的变化以及烧结体相成分和显微结构.结果表明:BaTi2O5烧结体的晶粒形貌为具有异向生长特征的棒状结构,其居里相变温度约为350℃,居里点的最大介电常数约为232(100kHz).     

沉淀混合法合成Ba2Ti9O20粉体

对沉淀混合法合成单相Ba2Ti9O20粉体做了初步的探索，并在较短时间内煅烧得到单相Ba2Ti9O20。采用BaCO3和钛酸丁酯为原料，在pH≈9的条件下获得草酸钡和氢氧化钛沉淀，然后将二者混合，洗涤、过滤、烘干后，经不同温度煅烧，得到最后的粉体。在前驱体的制备过程中，不需要高、低温或保护性气体等特殊要求。研究结果显示：经1200℃下煅烧2h，可得到单相的Ba2Ti9O20粉体。进一步的研究表明：以球磨混合的方式在前驱体中添加适量的Ba2Ti9O20晶种能有效降低Ba2Ti9O20相的形成温度，在1150℃下煅烧2～4h可得到单相的Ba2Ti9O20粉体。     

沉淀法合成珊瑚状Nd：Y2O3超细粉体

在未添加任何表面活性剂及其它助剂的条件下,采用草酸沉淀法制备出珊瑚状的Nd：Y2O3超细粉体,并对其形成机理进行了分析。借助于TG-DTA、XRD、SEM等表征手段,研究了所得粉体的相组成和微观结构。结果表明：片状的沉淀前驱体在600℃煅烧2h直接生成珊瑚状的Nd：Y2O3超细粉体,珊瑚体表面由紧密堆积的颗粒构成,颗粒平均粒径约为130nm。随着煅烧温度的升高,粉体平均粒径逐渐变大,800℃煅烧2h所得粉体的平均粒径约为150nm。     

改进的共沉淀法制备铝酸锌超微颗粒

以改进的共沉淀法合成铝酸锌超微晶体。得到的白色ZnAl2O4前躯体用热重-差热分析仪(TG-DTA)进行表征,白色的ZnAl2O4粉末用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行表征。结果表明,在表面活性剂辅助下,共沉淀法得到了具有尖晶石结构的铝酸锌超微颗粒,而且颗粒粒径小、粒度均匀、分散性好;粉体的结晶质量和粒径随煅烧温度变化而变化。得到的ZnAl2O4:Eu3+的发光性能用荧光光谱仪进行表征,结果表明,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对样品的发光性能有显著的影响。     

液相沉淀法制备ZrO2/Al2O3纳米复合粉体

以NH4Al(SO4)2·12H2O,ZrOCl2·8H2O,Y(NO)3为原材料,用NH4HCO3作沉淀剂,控制滴定速度小于5 mL/min,采用液相沉淀法制备了超细3Y-ZrO2/Al2O3前驱体.前驱体为分散的碱式碳酸盐,在1 200℃煅烧得到了分散性良好,平均粒径为20 nm的t-ZrO2和α-Al2O3两相分布均匀的纳米复合粉体.X射线衍射分析显示前驱体在煅烧过程中无中间相γ-Al2O3,θ-Al2O3生成.所制备的粉体具有高的烧结活性.在1 450℃烧结后烧结体相对致密度可达97.4%.     

高能球磨对YAG陶瓷制备的影响(英文)

通过高能球磨法处理Y2O3-Al2O3(yttrium aluminum garnet,YAG)混合粉体,对球磨产物进行煅烧、成型以及烧结,并对固相反应中的物相变化、YAG粉体形貌以及YAG陶瓷密度、力学性能及显微结构进行表征和分析,确定了最佳的球磨时间和粉体煅烧温度.研究表明:经过40h高能球磨,得到的球磨产物具有良好的活性.采用传统固相法制备的YAG粉体,需要在1 500℃煅烧,该方法处理的YAG粉体在1 200℃煅烧2 h,可以得到活性较高的YAG粉体,使粉体的煅烧温度下降了300℃.利用常压烧结在1 550℃烧结坯体2h,得到致密的YAG陶瓷,明显改善了YAG陶瓷制备技术.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。