PCM技术在埋地管线外防腐层破损检测中的应用

随着中国经济的迅速发展,国家对石油、天然气等能源的需求不断增加,中国油气管道网络运营长度逐年递增。但是,在经济快速发展、石油天然气迅速开采的同时,在役埋地油气管道安全运行越来越受到社会各界的关注,由于埋地管道防腐层的破损、剥离、脱落和老化等缺陷,会造成管道的腐蚀、穿孔、泄露,给石油企业及社会带来严重的财产损失。本文通过介绍管道电流检测仪(PCM)的检测原理和外防腐层破损点的检测方法,说明了PCM检测技术在不需对埋地油气管道进行大开挖检查就能及早发现外防腐层的破损情况。     

基于DM-RTK技术在城市燃气管道防腐层检测中的应用研究

在役燃气钢制管道的防腐层完整性及管道准确定位对城市燃气管道的安全稳定运行具有重要意义,利用高精度管道防腐层检测仪(DM)及实时动态控制技术(RTK),针对新奥燃气集团某城市燃气钢制管道的腐蚀与防护状况进行地面不开挖检测与评价。检测结果表明:DM-RTK技术能准确定位管道位置及埋深,精确查找防腐层缺陷,通过数据分析能对管道防腐层状况进行评价,能有效地预防管道外腐蚀情况的发生,保证燃气管道的安全运行。     

管道电流测绘技术在地下燃气管道防腐层检测中的应用

城镇地下燃气管道的运行状况直接关乎城镇的安全。管道电流测绘技术可以在非开挖条件下对埋地管道的阴极保护有效性做出评价,有效地检测出埋地钢质管道外防腐层缺陷。在工程应用中,采用这种新颖的检测技术可以快速检测和定位某处地下燃气管道的外防腐层缺陷。     

埋地管道外防腐层腐蚀检测与评价方法

管道运输是目前油气运输的主要手段,管道防腐层是减缓管道腐蚀,延长管道使用寿命的主要方法之一。因此,深入分析研究埋地管道外防腐层的腐蚀状况,并对其安全状况进行评价,进而给出合理的整改方案,对保证管道的安全运行及开展计划性的修复工作具有重要意义。     

DCVG检测技术在庆哈输油管线外检测中的应用

埋地管道外防腐层作为隔断管道与土壤直接接触的屏障,具有使管道免受电化学腐蚀和细菌腐蚀的作用。防腐层一旦破损,管体表面就将会发生腐蚀,严重威胁管道安全。利用DCVG检测技术,开展庆哈输油管道全线的防腐层检测,对测试结果进行分析评价,提出合理的建议,减少管道的腐蚀,对管道的安全运行具有重要意义。     

埋地管道外防腐层性能评价准则综述

外防腐层性能评价准则是管道外防腐层性能评价的一个关键依据,就外防腐层性能评价简要概述了埋地钢质管道外防腐层直接评价、分级评价标准,列举了防腐层质量检测方法,详述了防腐层性能评价准则,分析了相关领域中可能存在的问题和不足。指出应完善不同防腐层对应不同检测方法的外防腐层评价准则和分级评价标准,并建立适合我国国情的防腐层检测方法和评价体系。     

埋地管道外防腐层性能评价准则综述

外防腐层性能评价准则是管道外防腐层性能评价的一个关键依据,就外防腐层性能评价简要概述了埋地钢质管道外防腐层直接评价、分级评价标准,列举了防腐层质量检测方法,详述了防腐层性能评价准则,分析了相关领域中可能存在的问题和不足。指出应完善不同防腐层对应不同检测方法的外防腐层评价准则和分级评价标准,并建立适合我国国情的防腐层检测方法和评价体系。     

埋地油气管道外腐蚀原因及防腐技术的研究进展

基于埋地油气管道周同土壤环境的复杂性,从长输管道外腐蚀控制因素出发,通过对管道周围环境腐蚀性的榆测及金属管道腐蚀机理分析,结合国内外长输管道外防护技术的发展现状,研究比较目前主要防护材料的防腐蚀性能.提出有效的防腐措施.为埋地管道能够安全高效运行提供了理论依据.     

油气管道河流穿越段外防腐层状况评估方法研究

本文通过对各种防腐层缺陷检测技术的分析,总结了各种检测技术的优缺点,并结合河流穿越管段的实际情况,提出了基于电磁感应法进行油气管道河流穿越段外防腐层检测新方法。现场实践表明:开基于电磁感应法的外防腐层检测仪具有管道定位、管道定深、管道防腐层破损点查找等功能,能够准确地进行防腐层质量评级。     

PCM技术在油气管道防腐层检测中的应用

油气管道发生腐蚀后会造成泄漏及安全事故,损失巨大,因此埋地管道防腐涂层非开挖检测问题迫在眉睫,本文介绍了PCM检测的技术原理、操作方法、解释处理、开挖验证等内容,结合某输油管道检测的应用实例,PCM技术优势明显,经济效益良好,对油气管道防腐层检测有参考和借鉴意义。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.