裂解乙烯碳二馏分加氢精制催化剂国内研究及应用进展

从碳二馏分加氢反应的热力学及动力学,碳二馏分加氢催化剂的载体、活性组分、制备方法、结构及性能,催化剂中试及工业应用等方面综述了裂解乙烯碳二馏分加氢精制催化剂国内研究及应用进展。目前,碳二馏分加氢催化剂载体以Al_2O_3为主,活性组分以Pd-Ag双组分为主。改进的方向是提高催化剂的活性和选择性,降低绿油生成速度,提高活性组分分散度和抗烧结性能,降低贵金属使用量,延长催化剂单次使用寿命。     

碳二加氢催化剂操作参数对加氢反应的影响及优化

介绍了乙烯装置提高碳二加氢催化剂选择性的重要性和常用的选择性计算方法。分析了碳二加氢催化剂运行中温度、氢炔比、CO浓度、负荷分配、再生周期等操作参数的设定对加氢反应的影响,及如何通过优化上述反应参数提高碳二催化剂选择性和稳定性和在优化过程中需要注意的问题。     

碳二加氢催化剂选择性快速评价法及其应用

从理论推导得出碳二加氢催化剂选择性快速评价法,并用此方法对三种碳二加氢催化剂选择性进行评价,并指出此快速评价法的独特应用。     

碳三加氢长周期运行的技术分析

独山子1 000 kt/a乙烯装置碳三液相加氢系统采用林德工艺技术的反应器设置和内件设计,采用钯系催化剂,反应器S台自2011年10月开始至2016年6月底持续运行55个月(期中经历1次时长60 d的大检修),在此期间,反应稳定、绿油量少、床层温度低、选择性高。分析了液相碳三加氢工艺流程、设备内件设计优化、催化剂毒物防范措施,总结了日常维护、检修期间特护以及严格催化剂再生操作程序等方面的经验。     

碳二加氢催化剂的研究现状及工业化应用

随着新兴工业的不断发展，各行业对乙烯品质的需求也不断升高。目前，急需对碳二加氢相关技术进行更为深入的研究。详细总结了碳二加氢催化剂的研究进展，对碳二加氢技术的工艺现状进行分析，而后又对其反应的热力学机理和动力学机理进行了概述，并同时介绍了影响碳二加氢催化剂的主要因素，最后对其工业化的应用进行整理。     

碳二加氢反应器优化操作分析

抚顺乙烯碳二加氢反应器原再生周期为6～10个月,通过优化操作、精细管理,对该反应器的一些主要参数进行了调整,使其催化剂选择性一直保持在较高水平,本周期达到连续运行21个月,实现了碳二加氢反应器的长周期运行,为企业降低了成本和能耗.     

KL7741B-T碳二加氢催化剂的工业应用及操作优化

使用KL7741B-T碳二加氢催化剂,以裂解气(裂解气中含过量氢气)为原料,在绝热床反应器中,通过分析反应器运行数据,系统测试KL7741B-T碳二加氢催化剂在中国石油大庆石化公司600 kt·a-1乙烯装置上的运行状况,测试结果为乙烯选择性大于80%,表明KL7741B-T碳二加氢催化剂具有良好的稳定性,能够满足装置长周期运行的需求。运行一段时间后,反应器各段温度有上升趋势,通过稳定CO浓度和降低各段入口温度等优化措施,使反应器的运行状态更优,装置运行更趋于稳定。     

浆态床中CO2加氢直接合成二甲醚的双功能催化剂

采用共沉淀沉积法制备了CuO-ZnO-Al2O3-ZrO2/HZSM-5双功能催化剂,利用XRD、BET、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD等手段进行表征。在连续流动加压浆态床反应器中,以医用石蜡为惰性液相介质,研究了其对CO2加氢直接合成二甲醚的催化反应,考察了不同温度、不同压力、不同氢碳比和不同空速对反应结果的影响。研究表明,提高反应温度有利于提高CO2转化率,但使二甲醚的选择性降低;增大压力和氢碳比有利于提高CO2转化率和二甲醚的选择性;增大空速会使CO2转化率和二甲醚选择性均呈现下降趋势。     

碳三加氢反应器的优化操作

建立了碳三加氢反应器平推流模型,模型计算结果与生产数据吻合.根据模型的计算结果对生产装置进行了调整.适当降低反应压力可以减少绿油生成量,但不会影响加氢效果.存在最佳循环比,在最佳循环比下操作,即可以控制床层温升,又可以维持丙炔、丙二烯的高转化率.     

C_2加氢绿油分离罐的设计

介绍聚合级乙烯产品中炔烃的来源、危害和处理方法,以及绿油的危害和C2加氢反应的操作条件对绿油生成量的影响。阐述C2加氢绿油分离罐的设计,特别是其丝网除沫器的选用。     

Stability of acetylene/methane and acetylene/hydrogen/methane gas mixtures at elevated temperatures and pressures

Hydrogen-enriched natural gas (HENG) containing a mixture of acetylene, hydrogen, and methane is produced from natural gas feedstock in our plasma dissociation process. Storage of this HENG fuel at pressures up to 4000 psig is required for rapid vehicle refueling. Little information on the stability of acetylene mixtures at elevated pressures is presently available; therefore we have performed stability testing on gas mixtures that simulate our HENG fuel. This report describes the stability testing of binary gas mixtures of acetylene and methane containing up to 10%(v) acetylene, and a ternary gas mixture of 4%(v) acetylene, 20%(v) hydrogen, and 76%(v) methane, at pressures up to 3600 psig and temperatures up to 200 °C. The mixtures tested were found to be stable to rapid spontaneous decomposition at all test conditions; however, some degree of hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene may have occurred in an intermediate mixture of acetylene and hydrogen while preparing the highest pressure ternary test mixture.     

3－己炔－1－醇合成方法的研究

从乙炔出发经两步合成了３－己炔－１－醇。考察了不同烷基化试剂、反应温度、反应时间、试剂用量等因素对收率的影响，从而确定了合适的反应条件并降低了生产成本。     

Growth of carbon nanotubes with different morphologies by pyrolising acetylene

Abstract

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with different morphologies have been prepared by pyrolysis of a mixture of acetylene-ferrocene over predeposited Co and Ni catalysts at 700°C. A high yield of carbon nanotubes with further purification have been obtained in the optimal conditions. The optimum synthesis parameters included synthesis temperature of 700°C, growth time of 30?min, flowrate of acetylene and hydrogen of 40 and 300?sccm respectively. Multiwall straight, curved, helically, coiled, planar-spiral and V-shaped nanotubes were found with diameters in the range of 10-70?nm and with lengths up to 5?μm. The morphology and structure features of the MWCNTs are characterised using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectra, Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetry analyses.     

Conversion of natural gas to liquids via acetylene as an intermediate

This paper describes an experimental investigation of the conversion of natural gas to liquid transportation fuels through acetylene as an intermediate. The first step is the direct thermal conversion of methane to acetylene utilizing a thermal plasma heat source to dissociate the methane. The dissociation products react to form a mixture of acetylene and hydrogen. Significant improvements over the prior art were observed; these improvements may be attributed to an improved methane injection configuration and minimization of radial temperature gradients. Conversion efficiencies (percent methane converted) approached 100% and acetylene yields in the 90-95% range with 2-4% solid carbon production were obtained. A variety of methods were examined for the second step, the conversion of acetylene to liquid products. The most promising technology was the reaction of acetylene with hydrogen over a shape-selective zeolite to form C₃-C₅+ aliphatics.     

乙炔制备实验时洗液选择的探讨

有机化学实验室制备乙炔时，一般使用重铬酸钾硫酸溶液或者硫酸铜溶液作为洗液除去乙炔气中所含的有害气体。通过实验现象、理论、经济效益等方面论证了硫酸铜溶液作为制备乙炔气体洗液的可行性。     

溶解乙炔站自控系统设计

针对乙炔易燃易爆的性质，以安全可靠和经济实用的原则，设计了溶解乙炔站的自控系统     

Co-generation of acetylene and hydrogen for a carbide-based fuel system

The co-generation of acetylene and hydrogen from the hydrolysis of calcium carbide and calcium hydride was investigated as part of a unique carbide-based fuel system intended for high-temperature fuel cells. To gain better control of this highly energetic reaction, glycerin was used to coat the reactant particles to form slurry prior to their reaction with water. This process was shown to moderate the rate of gas production, as well as to provide a means for preparing slurry that could be pumped into the reactor vessel. It was also observed that the presence of calcium hydroxide, a by-product of hydrolysis, lowered the solubility of acetylene resulting in a higher initial flow rate due to less acetylene being dissolved in solution. However, the buildup of calcium hydroxide with time inhibited the hydrolysis of both calcium carbide and calcium hydride causing the acetylene and hydrogen flow rates to decrease.     

Ethylene selectivity variation in acetylene hydrogenation reactor with the hydrogen/acetylene ratio at the reactor inlet

Variation in the selectivity of ethylene produced by acetylene hydrogenation in an integral reactor was analyzed as a function of the hydrogen/acetylene ratio in the reaction stream at the reactor inlet. The analyses were made for two sample catalysts, which showed different dependence of the ethylene selectivity on the reactant composition. Even a small mismatch between the hydrogen/acetylene ratio at the reactor inlet and the ratio for converted reactants caused a large change in the ethylene selectivity along the reactor position, particularly when the conversion was high. The results of this study indicate two important factors to be considered in the design and operation of acetylene hydrogenation process: the hydrogen/acetylene ratio in the reactor inlet should be controlled close to the ratio for converted reactants; and catalysts showing high ethylene selectivity over a wide range of the hydrogen/ acetylene ratio are required for the design of a highly selective hydrogenation process. This paper is dedicated to Professor Wha Young Lee on the occasion     

3－己炔－1－醇合成方法的研究

从乙炔出发经两步合成了３－己炔－１－醇。考察了不同烷基化试剂、反应温度、反应时间、试剂用量等因素对收率的影响，从而确定了合适的反应条件并降低了生产成本。     

Reaction mechanism of methane activation using non-equilibrium pulsed discharge at room temperature

The reaction mechanism of methane activation using non-equilibrium pulsed discharge was largely clarified from the emission spectroscopic study and experiments with higher hydrocarbons and some kinds of isotopes. The strong emission of atomic carbon and C₂ swan band system was observed as well as H Balmer series emission. This indicates that methane was highly dissociated into C and H by electron impact, which is consistent with the result of high C₂D₂ composition in produced acetylene when the mixture of CH₄ and D₂ was fed into discharge region. High electron energy contributed to produce atomic carbon directly from methane, and high electron density promoted the dehydrogenation from CH₃, CH₂ and CH to produce atomic carbon consecutively. The reason for the high selectivity to C₂H₂ was the high concentration of CH or C₂ formed from atomic carbon, and the repetition mechanism of decomposition and recombination among C, CH, C₂ and C₂H₂.