碟簧机械加载实现密封液压顶紧器的设计

焦炭塔塔身和底盖连接处利用液压顶紧器中的碟簧对密封件实现安全、可靠的机械力加载,而采用液压传动结构控制液压顶紧器对碟簧自动加载,实现了底盖的自动拆卸.另外,优选液压顶紧器结构设计方案.     

液压预紧平板阀式自动底盖机在延迟焦化装置应用及故障处理

克拉玛依石化公司150万吨/年延迟焦化装置焦炭塔底盖机,由于使用中问题较多对其进行改造。采用一种新型的有利于装置安全生产的液压预紧平板阀式自动底盖机,其特点操作简单、用时短、安全可靠。简要介绍了该自动底盖机的主要结构原理和参数,以及运行控制方法;并对运行中出现的问题进行分析改进处理,运行2年多来高效稳定,可为同类装置提供应用经验借鉴。     

自动底盖机在焦化装置中的安装及应用研究

自动底盖机是炼油企业延迟焦化装置焦炭塔除焦自动化、效率提高化的重要手段。通过研究平板式自动底盖机的结构特点及在某公司延迟焦化装置的应用状况,分析了自动底盖机的安装、改造、调试、维护等需要关注的问题,并提出了解决思路和控制措施,对同行业延迟焦化装置安全管理工作具有积极的参考价值。     

液压-卡扎里密封顶紧器的结构设计

本文在GB150-1998钢制压力容器中的卡扎里螺纹套筒式密封结构方式基础上,设计一种施加密封力的装置,称为＂液压-卡扎里密封顶紧器＂。用此液压-卡扎里密封顶紧器以替代规范中的顶紧螺栓,通过液压力推动压环,压紧密封圈实现密封。这种密封顶紧器加力装置,不但能使密封力可靠,而且由于结构上的优化设计,使液压区域远离高温件,将温度对于液压系统的影响降至很小,使液压系统能可靠工作。     

自动底盖机常见故障与处理方法

自动底盖机是生焦的关键设备,由于焦炭塔生焦是一个连续性非常强的工艺过程,自动底盖机能否正常运行直接影响整个生产过程,因此底盖机的正常运行至关重要,文章结合对底盖机日常维护的实际工作,针对自动底盖机在运行中常见的故障现象进行分析与解决,确保底盖机的平稳运行。     

液压预紧全密封平板阀式自动底盖机在焦化装置的应用

液压预紧全密封平板阀式自动底盖机(PYD420150型),具有技术先进,结构合理,操作方便、节约成本等诸多优点,同时可以通过增加开盖联锁逻辑条件,以提高操作过程中的安全性。     

低压条件下大型焦炭塔系统几个设计问题的探讨

延迟焦化是目前国内、外渣油加工的重要手段之一,近几年其加工能力增长较快,随着一些新技术应用,焦炭塔系统运行的可靠性得以提升。笔者重点介绍焦炭塔本体设计的注意点及其系统新技术的应用情况,包含焦炭塔本体设计、焦炭塔阀门安全联锁控制系统、自动闸板式顶（底）盖机、水力除焦系统新技术的应用等。     

焦炭塔油气线的应力分析与管道布置设计

针对焦化装置焦炭塔的多种高温工况,应用CAESARⅡ应力计算软件,通过建立合理的应力计算模型,结合现场新老装置管道、管架的实际情况,对焦炭塔顶油气管道不同布置方案进行应力分析,以经济、合理、安全的原则进行管道走向及支架形式、位置的优化。     

自动顶盖机在焦炭塔的应用与维护

介绍了自动顶盖机在中国石化广州分公司焦化装置焦炭塔应用情况及维护保养,为同类装置使用同类设备提供了借鉴。     

焦炭塔过渡段区域的热应力有限元分析

本文应用Ansys有限元软件,以中石化茂名分公司提供的焦炭塔原始数据为条件,建立焦炭塔有限元模型,分析焦炭塔各个操作阶段塔筒体和锥体的过渡段(锻件)的应力分布情况。结果表明:焦炭塔过渡段的应力在升温阶段或者是降温阶段达到最大值或最小值。环向应力、轴向应力和Mises等效应力在筒体与过渡段连接焊缝附近和过渡段与裙座连接焊缝附近达到峰值。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.