芴馏分结晶分离的实验研究

在实验室研究了 34 .3%、46 .1%、6 5 .1%、77.0 %四种芴馏分的“结晶温度 -结晶组成”变化情况。结晶分离温度高 ,结晶固相中芴含量也高 ,但芴的得率低 ,初步找出三者对应关系 ;用结晶分离方法可提高芴馏分的纯度 ,但难超过 80 % ;芴纯度的提高主要不是依赖苊、氧芴的去除 ,而是其它杂质的分离。上述研究 ,对工业生产有一定的指导作用     

洗油中芴的分离和精制研究进展

综述了从高温煤焦油洗油馏分中分离芴的研究现状,较为系统地总结了根据不同原理分离芴的主要方法,包括利用芴的反应活性将芴生成不同的化合物与洗油馏分中其他组分分离的化学法、利用洗油馏分中芴和其他组分的熔点、沸点和溶解度差异分离的物理法以及将单一分离方法复合起来的复合法,其中化学法主要是将芴生成9-芴甲醇或9-芴酮,再利用溶解度差异与其他组分分离,物理法主要有精馏法、结晶法(熔融结晶法、溶剂结晶法)、萃取法(传统溶剂萃取、超临界萃取),复合法主要是将精馏法与结晶法结合在一起形成的精馏-结晶法。为探究一种较为温和的从煤焦油洗油中分离芴提供一些思路和方法,为提高洗油中分离芴的效率和纯度,探索一种行之有效的工业方法提供一定的参考。     

利用熔融结晶法进行芴的提纯

以工业芴为原料,实验研究了利用熔融结晶法制备精芴的工艺过程,考察了结晶降温速率、结晶终温、发汗升温速率及发汗终温对产品纯度及收率的影响,得到了利用熔融结晶方法分离提纯芴的优化工艺条件,产品纯度可达97.4%。同时根据实验结果,对芴与2-甲基氧芴两元物系的固液平衡相图进行了推测分析。     

芴醇的简便合成

研究了芴与N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)的光化学反应及其溴代产物的水解反应，提供了一种温和、简便的制备芴醇的方法。结果表明，NBS与芴的物质的量比为1．1：1时，反应80min，芴高选择性地转化为9-溴芴，9-溴芴在碱性溶液中水解得到定量的芴醇。同时对反应机理进行了初步探讨。     

双酚芴合成技术研究

论述双酚芴的合成技术，选择合适的合成路线，以提升焦化产品工业芴及芴酮的产品附加值。     

固体碱催化合成9-芴甲醇

以安全价廉的固体碱为催化剂,采用“一锅法”工艺合成芴甲醇。芴甲醇产率为36．7％,同时可获得高纯度的副产物9,9-二羟甲基芴,未反应的芴可循环利用。该方法尚未见国内外文献报道。     

芴衍生物的合成及研究进展

讨论了芴的衍生物在精细化学、高分子合成及生物化工等领域的应用及其现有的合成方法 ,简要介绍了芴酮、碱金属芴的衍生物、芴甲醇、9,9-双 (甲氧基甲基 )芴等芴的衍生物的应用的进展情况。     

芴的提取精制研究进展

芴是重要的有机化工原料，多从煤焦油的洗油馏份中提出，也可从葸油中提出。芴的提取精制过程是先间歇蒸馏洗油馏份或蒽油馏份切取芴主馏份，再采用冷却结晶法或溶剂结晶法精制芴主馏份得到芴。     

三芴胺化合物、三芴胺聚合物发光材料及制备方法和应用

本发明公开了一种三芴胺化合物、三芴胺聚合物发光材料及制备方法和应用,该材料以三芴胺为骨架,通过改变含三芴胺聚合物发光材料侧链的化学结构可以调控发光材料的双极性和发光颜色;化学结构如右所示,制备方法是以芴作为最初的反应原料,通过一系列的简单反应,     

芴溶解度的测定及溶液结晶法提纯芴的工艺研究

在测定芴在甲醇、乙醇、正丁醇、甲苯、邻二甲苯中溶解度的基础上,确定正丁醇是溶液结晶法提纯芴的合适溶剂。介绍了采用溶液结晶法对工业芴的提纯分离的工艺过程及不同结晶条件对产品收率和纯度的影响,确定了利用溶液结晶提纯芴的最佳工艺条件,经提纯后可使芴的纯度由89.0%提高到96.6%或由95.0%提高到97.1%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。