一种基于感应比例电桥平衡法的同步分解标准器校准装置

针对工业自动化和国防军事领域同步分解电角度量值溯源需求,提出了一种基于多盘感应比例电桥平衡原理的同步分解电角度校准方法,并组建了一套同步分解标准器校准装置。该装置通过电桥的准电压平衡和不平衡误差电压解算的方法获得同步分解电角度的标准值,并通过相对简单的接线方式,实现同步和分解两种模式下0°～360°电角度的校准。对同步模式下电角度校准装置的不确定度进行了评估,不确定度达到0.00013°(0.47″)。该方法具有准确度高、操作简单、测量速度快的特点,使同步分解电角度量值溯源到感应电压比例标准。     

高阻的测量方法

介绍了基于双电压源电桥测量高阻的方法,阐述了良好的屏蔽系统和接地对于高阻准确测量的重要性。分别用100 GΩ和1 TΩ标准高阻校准1 TΩ和10 TΩ高阻,并对测量结果进行了不确定度评定。校准结果表明,基于双电压源电桥搭建的校准装置有较高的准确度和分辨力,能满足高阻的校准要求,具有实际应用价值。     

基于比率法的高精度电桥电路及其应用

提出一种基于比率法的高精度电桥电路,用于测量电阻传感器中的高精度电阻。该电桥电路是基于模数转换器的数字量输出,采用模拟输入电压与参考电压比率的方法,将电桥的不平衡输出经放大后作为模数转换器的模拟量输入,将电阻式传感器相同一侧另一桥臂两端的电压差经放大后作为模数转换器的参考电压,经过模数转换后两者比率的数字量作为系统的输出。经过该电路处理后,电阻信号与系统的输出之间成线性关系,并克服了供电电压波动对电阻测量结果的影响,消除了系统的零点漂移和温度漂移。该电桥电路具有高准确度的电阻测量性能。     

不同计阱的水三相点容器浸没特性的研究

采用步进电机控制器和Labview编程控制,建立了水三相点容器浸没特性的自动测量装置。该装置通过步进电机精确控制温度计在水三相点容器温度计阱内的升降高度,并利用准确度为0．02×10^-6的交流比较仪电桥测量铂电阻温度计在计阱内不同高度的电阻值。通过线性拟合,获得水三相点容器的静压修正系数。实验结果表明：温度计阱内径为16ram和18mm的水三相点容器的静压修正系数理论值与实际值非常接近。     

直流电桥半自动化检定系统

直流电桥在电学计量中占有相当重要的地位。２０世纪８０年代上海仪表厂推出了高准确度的ＸＱＪ-７型和ＱＪ４８型直流比较电桥检定装置 ,其测量准确度可达０ ００１５% ,目前仍居世界领先地位。尽管如此 ,它却不具备自动测试的条件。由于被检电桥要测量的电阻太多 ,每进行一次测量都需反复调节电桥平衡 ,所以完成一台电桥检定太费时间。如果使用不当 ,还会给测量带来干扰 ,若测试人员不熟练会造成很多人为误差。为了解决所存在的问题 ,本人设计了一套新的直流电桥半自动检定系统。一、测量原理的设计其测量原理是采用比例测量法来实现对电…     

基于F18高精密电桥的温度计自动测量检定系统

本文介绍了在F18高精密电桥基础上，利用Visual Basic6．0，Access2000、Microsoft Excel及水晶报表为主要开发工具，以Windows为开发平台设计了一套完善的温度计自动测量检定系统。实验验证该系统提高了测量准确度及温度计检定的工作效率。     

变压比电桥检定装置的研制

变压比电桥检定装置是检定变压比电桥的专用检定装置，该装置主体部分为六位感应分压器，并在其输入，输出回路中增加了相序开关，连接组别，分接头，倍率转换等部件，使整个装置具有操作方便，能直接读取测量结果的特点。该装置设计合理，技术先进，并有可靠的计量溯源。     

磁性材料自动检测装置

磁性材料的自动检测装置是我国计量科研工作的一个重要成果。该装置是应用第三代ＡＴＳ（自动测量系统）原理研制成功的新一代磁性材料自动测量装置,它以微机为核心,完全取代了以冲击检流计为代表的经典磁测装置和以电子积分器磁测电桥为代表的第二代磁测装置,而成为第三代磁性材料测试装置。它能够应用于硅钢、非晶、微晶稀土永磁等多种磁性材料的检测,效率很高。原先检定一个磁体要几个小时甚至半天时间,用了这个设备后只需１分钟,而且准确度很高。专家鉴定认为,该装置达到了国际先进水平,在硅钢磁性测量方面甚至居国际领先地位。…     

基于STC89C58的耐电压测试仪自动检定装置硬件设计

为了提高耐电压测试仪自动检定的效率，减少不必要的人员误差，开发了耐电压测试仪自动检定装置。该装置采用STC89C58芯片作为CPU，AD7753作为A／D转换芯片，提高了检定准确度，实现了耐电压测试仪的自动检定。能够满足JJG795-2004《耐电压测试仪》检定规程的要求。     

计算电容屏蔽电极位移测量的不确定度评估

计算电容是电学阻抗单位复现的基准装置,是电容、电感和交流电阻的溯源依据.它是电磁计量领域内除量子电压、量子电阻基准之外准确度最高的装置.计算电容装置实现微小电容值(0.2至0.6 pF)精确测量的关键在于对其屏蔽电极位移的高准确度测量.从计算电容屏蔽电极位移测量的基本原理出发,系统分析了屏蔽电极位移测量结果的影响因素,...     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from